{"title":"Sensors based on nanomaterial of biological origin","authors":"S. Dadunashvili","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032157","url":null,"abstract":"The authors select bacteriorhodopsin (BR) nanomaterial for sensor applications. For small molecules, the optical phase variation over the dimensions of the molecule cannot be neglected in the analysis of the optical activity (OA), explaining the high sensitivity of OA to molecular structure changes. The BR nanomaterial used presents light-dependent proton pumping of halobacteria and includes two functions: first, it can be observed as an actuator generating H/sup +/ on the cell membrane. At the same time its is able to play the role of photoreceptor (sensor), and this function is connected with its proton transportation activity. Together with this, there is a mechanism, which, guided by a control signal from outside, can manipulate protons. Thus, they have a functional device of biological origin, expressing features of the proton-nanostructure interaction.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122813423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust micro-gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays","authors":"D. Hsu, J. Shaw","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032282","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated gate (micro-gate) is necessary to enable field emission from carbon nanotubes (cNTs) at low voltages. We have demonstrated emission from cNTs grown inside two such types of micro-gated structures, one a gated silicon post, another having an open aperture. In the first configuration anode currents up to 1 mA (from 0.5 mm/sup 2/ area) were obtained at gate voltages as low as 40 V. In the second configuration the gate current was 2.5% of the anode current. The current was more stable than typical of most field emitter arrays, and the arrays did not fail by arcing at high currents. The emission current was increased by ambient water vapor and hydrogen, but was unaffected by xenon. Energy spectra of the emitted electrons show that the emission current saturated at energies just below the Fermi level, showing the electron transport to the emission site is requires a significant voltage.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128074031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imaging properties of a metamaterial superlens","authors":"N. Fang, Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032233","url":null,"abstract":"The subwavelength imaging quality of a metamaterial superlens is studied numerically in the wavevector domain. Examples of image compression and magnification are given and resolution limits are discussed. A minimal resolution of /spl lambda//6 is obtained using a 36 nm silver film at 364 nm wavelength. The simulation also demonstrates the power flux is no longer a good measure to determine the focal plane of a superlens due the elevated field strength at the exit side of the metamaterial slab.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133447642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quasi-static/cyclic loading tests of nanometric SiO/sub 2/ wires using AFM technique for NEMS designs","authors":"T. Namazu, T. Isono","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032122","url":null,"abstract":"This research carried out intermediate temperature quasi-static/cyclic loading tests of nanometric silicon dioxide wires (SiO/sub 2/ nano-wires) using AFM, for revealing specimen size and temperature effects on mechanical properties and fatigue lives of the wires. Four kinds of the SiO/sub 2/ nano-wires with widths from 230 nm to 800 nm were prepared by a thermal oxidation of nanometric single crystal silicon wires (SCS nano-wires). Quasi-static bending tests using AFM examined Young's modulus, fracture stress and strain of the wires at temperatures ranging from 295 K to 573 K in high vacuum. All of the SiO/sub 2/ nano-wires fractured in a brittle manner at the test temperatures. Young's moduli of the nano-wires agreed with that of bulk silica, which showed that the modulus had no specimen size effect. However, fracture stress and strain of the SiO/sub 2/ nano-wires changed with not only temperature but also specimen size. Cyclic bending tests in AFM using the 230 nm- and 410 nm-wide SiO/sub 2/ wires investigated high cycle fatigue lives of the wires at room temperature. The number of cycles to failure of the 230 nm-wide wires was slightly larger than that of the 410 nm-wide wires at the loading frequency of 50 Hz and 450 Hz. This is suggestive of existing of the specimen size effect on the fatigue lives of the SiO/sub 2/ nano-wires.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and analysis of crossbar circuits for molecular nanoelectronics","authors":"M. Ziegler, M. Stan","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032256","url":null,"abstract":"We consider crossbar structures for nanoelectronics from a circuit design perspective. Given the large design space and the many promising nanotechnologies, we develop parameterized circuit models for quickly surveying the crossbar design space. We then present methods for implementing logic and memory in crossbars via a programmed decoder. Finally, we consider the implications of logic representation when mapping circuits to crossbars.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122742411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double quantum wire plasmon instability","authors":"G. Aizin, N. Horing, L. Mourokh","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032139","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the conditions for current-driven plasma instability in a double quantum wire system. The standard RPA formulation of longitudinal plasmon dispersion is employed to analyze the collective modes of this system in the presence of steady currents, which we consider to be equal and opposite in the two wires. We show that, for wires carrying equal steady currents in opposite directions, the quasi-ID plasma waves propagating along the wires become unstable when the electron drift velocity falls between the phase velocities of the acoustic and optical plasma modes of the Coulomb-coupled wires.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of sub-wavelength size aperture for nearfield optical probe on cantilever","authors":"S.S. Choi, M. Jung, J.W. Kim, J. Boo","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032218","url":null,"abstract":"The nanosize silicon oxide aperture on the cantilever array has been successfully fabricated as a near-field optical probe. Various semiconductor processes were utilized for sub-wavelength size aperture fabrication. The anisotropic etching of the Si substrate by alkaline solutions followed by anisotropic crystal orientation-dependent oxidation, anisotropic plasma etching and isotropic oxide etching was carried out. The 3 and 4 micron size dot arrays were initially photolithographically patterned on the frontside of the Si[100] wafer. After fabrication of the V-groove shape by anisotropic TMAH etching, the oxide growth at 1000/spl deg/C was performed to have an oxide etch-mask. The oxide layer on the Si[111] plane has been utilized as an etch mask for plasma dry etching and water-diluted HF wet etching for nanosize aperture fabrication. The Au thin layer was deposited on the fabricated oxide nano-size aperture on the cantilever array. The (5/spl times/1) NSOM array with 130 nm metal aperture was successfully fabricated.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"35 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131339348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aharonov-Bohm flux control of transport and microwave energy absorption in a parallel double-dot system","authors":"L. Mourokh, A. Smirnov, N. Horing","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032250","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze a tunnel-coupled double-dot structure in a parallel arrangement between leads in the presence of magnetic flux to determine its charge transport and microwave absorption properties. Nonequilibrium. Green's function methods are employed (taking account of dot-lead tunnel coupling, electron-phonon interaction and inter-dot Coulomb repulsion) to calculate the energies, populations and linewidths of the bonding and antibonding states in the double-dot structure for various values of magnetic flux threading the structure. We find that there are resonant values of the Aharonov-Bohm magnetic flux, for which one of these states is disconnected from the leads by phase and there is only one step in the current-voltage characteristics. For non-resonant fluxes there are either two steps or one sharp step depending on the common equilibrium chemical potential of the leads. In the case of two steps, the current value in the plateau region between the steps is an oscillatory function of the applied magnetic flux. In the present work, we also analyze microwave energy absorption. At a resonant flux, when one of levels is disconnected, there is residual absorption of the external microwave energy even at high applied bias.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130626309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnologies and nanosystems of informatics as a basis for self-replication","authors":"S.W. Wgrzyn, R. Winiarczyk, L. Znamirowski","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032133","url":null,"abstract":"If basic elements applied in given technology are single atoms or molecules, then this technology is named nanotechnology. If basic elements of codes used in the given system of informatics are single atoms or molecules, then such a system of informatics is called nanosystem of informatics. Recent research on the nanotechnological processes of molecular products and objects synthesis as well as research on the nanosystems of informatics stimulate development of the technical systems of informatics. Until now, the latter have been used mainly for the computational tasks, when similarly to biological organisms, they allowed for development of self-replicating products and complete objects. One can focus here on the model of a circulation of materials, information and energy in a biological cell, and a model of the self-replication phenomenon. In the model of materials, information and energy circulation, we may distinguish a two-stage process of creating products, which are later on used for objects construction. The first stage is a translation process based on information from mRNA, while the second stage is a phase of post-translational modifications based on environment interaction. The self-replication model presented in this paper refers to a self-replication of a material object together with its internal software, which had determined object's creation. Presented models of materials, information and energy circulation in a biological cell together with models of self-replication phenomenon can be the basis for a design and development of the technical systems of informatics capable to create the self-replicating products and objects.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130673785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro/nano liter droplet formation and dispensing by capacitance metering and electrowetting actuation","authors":"H. Ren, R. Fair","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2002.1032267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032267","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a method is presented for dispensing droplets. The method exploits the built-in capacitance of an electrowetting device to meter the droplet volume and control the dispensing process dynamically. A fully automated droplet dispensing device is developed and used to load liquid samples or couple continuous flow to electro-wetting droplet handling. The reproducibility of the dispensing process is tested against dispensing parameters including dispensing volume, production rate, fluid viscosity, channel geometry and needle diameter. The relative independence of the reproducibility on those parameters indicates the wide applicability of the device in biological and chemical sample dispensing. Meanwhile, as low as 1.2% error in reproducibility is demonstrated and up to 120 droplets per minute production rate is possible. The dispensing process has been demonstrated for droplet volumes between 60 nl and 1900 nl or above while maintain reproducibility in an acceptable range of 10%.","PeriodicalId":408575,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}