Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Attachment Moderates the Association Between Mother and Child Depressive Symptoms","authors":"Melanie Fox, J. Borelli","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN20.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN20.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125657879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Like Mother, Like Daughter: Excessive Reassurance Seeking Across Mother–Daughter and Romantic Relationships","authors":"Jaidyn K. Charlton, Elizabeth Grassia, Alexandra D. Popowich, Aislin R. Mushquash","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn28.2.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn28.2.157","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive reassurance seeking (ERS) is a maladaptive self-regulatory behavior whereby an individual persistently seeks reassurance that one is loveable and worthy (Joiner et al., 1992; Joiner et al., 1999). Despite research evidencing the negative consequences of ERS on relationships, little is known about how ERS presents across relationships. The present study evaluated the associations between mothers’ and daughters’ ERS across the parent–child relationship and across their respective romantic relationships. Sixty-seven mother–daughter dyads were recruited to separately complete measures of ERS in reference to their relationships with each other and their relationships with their romantic partners. Consistent with our hypotheses, mothers’ ERS directed toward their romantic partners correlated with mothers’ ERS directed toward their daughters, r(65) = .36, p = .003, and daughters’ ERS directed toward their mothers also correlated with daughters’ ERS directed toward daughters’ romantic partners, r(65) = .25, p = .04. These preliminary findings highlight the interpersonal nature of ERS and contribute to the understanding of the consistency of this maladaptive interpersonal behavior across relationships.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125968253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Measure Ye Mete\": Does Prosocial Priming Lead to Harsher Moral Judgment?","authors":"Jordan W. Moon, Robert R. Wright, C. Broadbent, Emily D. Robinson","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The present research investigated the effects of general moral priming and social identity (i.e., institutional) priming on moral judgment. Undergraduate students (N = 233) from a private religious university were randomly assigned to 3 priming conditions, differing in the content of a paragraph of scrambled words they read; the prosocial cooperation condition was primed with a moral fable, the social identity condition was exposed to an institutional prime (i.e., the religious university), and the control condition was primed with a neutral paragraph. Participants judged 3 mildly disruptive social situations (jaywalking, speeding, and smoking) and 2 scenarios related to the university’s local honor code (facial hair and modesty). The fable group judged most harshly in the jaywalking scenario, F(2, 230) = 3.22, p = .042, η2 = .027, and the university group in the facial hair scenario (i.e., an honor code infraction), F(2, 230) = 3.27, p = .040, η2 = .028. Proselyting mission service, whether completed or planned, was a significant predictor of harsher judgment in the honor code scenarios— facial hair, F(1, 149) = 3.99, p = .048, η2 = .026, and modesty, F(1, 149) = 10.63, p = .001, η2 = .067. This variable also interacted with the experimental condition on the facial hair scenario, F(2, 145) = 3.05, p = .05, ηp = .040. Further, it seems that these primes were most efficacious in scenarios perceived as more morally harmful. Although early research on moral judgment has viewed the moral thinker as a logical and calculating agent, recent research has made it clear that conceptions of morality are more nuanced (Greene, Morelli, Lowenberg, Nystrom, & Cohen, 2008; Uhlmann, Pizarro, & Diermeier, 2015; Wheatley & Haidt, 2005). For example, if morality was utilitarian (i.e., focused on objective consequences), one would expect judgments of similar situations to be uniform across diverse populations. Instead, it seems that morality is at least partly a socially driven process, heavily influenced by culture (Lamont, Schmalzbauer, Waller, & Weber, 1996), symbolism (Zarkadi & Schnall, 2013), and affect (Schnall, Haidt, Clore, & Jordan, 2008). Because conflict, whether interpersonal or societal, so frequently stems from disagreements about morality (Rai & Fiske, 2011), understanding the factors that influence moral judgment seems critical in explaining and resolving conflicts. To explore additional factors in the moral judgment process, this study sought to explore how priming can impact judgments of others’ social behavior. The Adaptive Nature of Moral and Religious Judgment Haidt (2001) defined moral judgment as evaluations of others “with respect to a set of virtues held to be obligatory by a culture or subculture” (p. 817). The social intuitionist hypothesis posits that an intuition that something is wrong precedes rational justification for a judgment; this process occasionally leads to inconsistent moral judgments. That is, rather than calculate the objec","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115782396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Visual Perception Using Stereopsis","authors":"Cassandra F. Shular, J. Arruda, Keegan D. Greenier, M. Pratt","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN10.4.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN10.4.139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Prejudice: Examining Relations Among Trait Characteristics, Parental Experiences, and Implicit Bias","authors":"C. A. Brayko, Shavon Harris, Sarah Henriksen, Anna Marie Medina","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN16.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN16.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"20 COPYRIGHT 2011 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 16, NO. 1/ISSN 1089-4136) Despite many investigations exploring the various roots of prejudice toward outgroups (Hewstone, Rubin, & Willis, 2002; Mikulincer & Florian, 1998; Reynolds, 2000), work remains. Some researchers have studied emotion variables in relation to prejudice, yet the directionality of the association is still unclear (Ciarrochi & Forgas, 1999; Johnson & Fredrickson, 2005; Wilkowski, Robinson, Gordon, & TroopGordon, 2007). In one study using explicit measures, Ciarrochi and Forgas (1999) found that highanxiety participants rated a potentially threatening outgroup (in this case, African Americans) more positively than did low-anxiety participants. The authors’ speculation for this finding was that the participants who were more trait-anxious also had lower self-confidence. Feeling more like an individual in an outgroup themselves, it is possible the anxious group sympathized with the outgroup, therefore rating African Americans more favorably. In contrast, Johnson and Fredrickson (2005) reported that positive emotions, like joy, reduced own-race bias and may be extrapolated to include reduced outgroup bias. Furthermore, it is possible that individuals prone to negative affect, like anxiety, may portray increased own-race bias and greater prejudice toward outgroups. With respect to trait anger, the literature suggests that anger has a positive relation with prejudice. Wilkowski et al. (2007) observed that persons high in trait anger automatically interpreted ambiguous social situations as hostile. This finding suggested that people with high trait anger may regard unfamiliarity, such as members from salient outgroups, with hostility; inversely, persons with low trait anger may interpret outgroup individuals more holistically. Moreover, Tapias, Glaser, Keltner, Vasquez, and Wickens (2007) found that ABSTRACT. This study focused on potential linkages between personality traits, past parental relationships, and implicit bias toward an outgroup. Introductory psychology students (N = 75, 56 women, 19 men) completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), designed to identify preference for either Muslim or non-Muslim names, followed by the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (short form; Rohner, 2004), and the State-Trait Personality Inventory (Speilberger, 1979). Findings showed perceived paternal warmth had a significant negative correlation with the IAT association effect, r(75) = -.27, p = .02. In other words, as reports of paternal warmth increased, positive association with Muslim names decreased. Results also indicated a moderate, yet nonsignificant, correlation between trait anger and the IAT association effect, r(75) = .21, p = .07. That is, as trait anger increased, reaction times for positive associations with Muslim names also increased. These findings supported the notion that intrapersonal fact","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131349072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who’s Laughing Now? The Effects of Sexist and Rape Humor","authors":"Nalyn Sriwattanakomen","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.2.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131363193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Environmental Enrichment and Spatial Reference Memory in Middle-Aged Mice","authors":"V. Koke, M. Petro","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN14.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN14.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2009 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 14, No. 1/ISSN 1089-4136) The loss of memory and general cognitive declines that are common symptoms of aging are seen in both human and nonhuman animals. Lapses in spatial memory, or the memory for place, are some of the first mv emory loss problems that an aging individual will encounter (Beatty, 1988). Enrichment, begun at any age, considerably improves the function of memory in mice (Bennett, McRae, Levy, & Frick, 2006; Frick, Stearns, Pan, & Berger-Sweeney, 2003; Harburger, Nzerem, & Frick, 2007; Lambert, Fernandez, & Frick, 2005; Van der Borght, Havekes, Bos, Eggen, & Van der Zee, 2007). Environmental enrichment for rodents takes many forms beyond providing standard animal housing. Examples include social enrichment (i.e., housing animals in the same cage), physical exercise (i.e., placing open exercise wheels in cages for animal use), and cognitive stimulation (i.e., toys, tunnels, or housing). These forms of enrichment have been shown to improve spatial memory function in mice (Lambert et al., 2005; Van der Borght et al., 2007). Yet the clearest evidence of signifi cantly improved memory function has come from studies with groups of middle-aged or aged mice or rats (Bennett et al., 2006; Frick et al., 2003; Harburger et al., 2007) that experienced continuous enrichment (4 weeks of 24 hour exposure). Harburger et al. found that any one of the forms of continuous enrichment increased spatial reference memory in aged mice, while Bennett et al. noted that aged mice in a continually enriched environment demonstrated spatial memory results in the Morris Water maze that mimicked those of young controls. Environmental enrichment improved spatial memory for aged and middle-aged mice and rodents (Frick & Fernandez, 2003; Frick et al., 2003), while 24 hr complex environmental enrichment produced spatial memory results that mimicked those of young control mice (Bennett et al., 2006). While enrichment was shown to improve spatial memory, the forms of enrichment used were varied (e.g., exercise, cognitive toys, social housing). It is unclear if one form of enrichment is “better” than another in its effects on spatial memory when directly compared. Harburger et al. (2007) expanded on the common enrichment study variables (age, type of enrichment, Complex Environmental Enrichment and Spatial Reference Memory in Middle-Aged Mice","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131952130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Psychological Outcomes in Nonheterosexual Individuals","authors":"Emily K Sanders, H. M. Chalk","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN21.2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN21.2.100","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT 2016 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 21, NO. 2/ISSN 2164-8204) *Faculty mentor Gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual 1, and queer2 (GLBPQ) people have higher rates of many psychological symptoms than heterosexual people. They have elevated rates of mood and anxiety symptoms, with estimates of the increase varying widely from 50% to 570% (Almeida, Johnson, Corliss, Molnar, & Azrael, 2009; Cochran, Sullivan, & Mays, 2003; King et al., 2008). Additionally, GLBPQ men report 4.7 times the rate of panic disorder as heterosexual men (Cochran et al., 2003). GLBPQ individuals are also more likely to meet criteria for multiple disorders, with only 30% of heterosexual men and women having two or more disorders, compared to 54% of GLBPQ women and 49% of GLBPQ men (Cochran et al., 2003; Gilman et al., 2001). GLBPQ women also rated their mental health worse than heterosexual women (Cochran et al., 2003). Several studies have examined perceived stress as a predictor, but studies examining perceived ABSTRACT. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, and queer (GLBPQ) individuals have higher rates of negative psychological outcomes, but the reasons for these trends are unclear. Gay-related stress including internalized homophobia, perceived stigma, and overt discrimination may contribute to these heightened rates, but gay identity may buffer these consequences. GLBPQ individuals (N = 1,169) completed online surveys of gay-related stress, protective factors, and outcomes including depression, anxiety, stress, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicidality. Hierarchical regressions were used to examine predictive relationships between gay-related stress, gay identity, and negative outcomes. Among gay/lesbian participants, overt discrimination predicted all outcomes; gay identity predicted Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) depression, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) depression, and DASS stress; and internalized homophobia predicted Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) stress (p < .001). Among bisexual and pansexual participants, perceived stigma predicted CES-D depression, DASS depression, and Pereceived Stress Scale (PSS) stress, and overt discrimination predicted CES-D depression (p < .001). Gay identity predicted reduced negative outcomes among gay and lesbian people, but did not affect bisexual or pansexual people. Gay identity did not interact significantly with overt discrimination, perceived stigma, or internalized homophobia, challenging the hypothesis that it would buffer their effects. These results indicated that the factors may function differently in different populations, highlighting the need for further research on the topic. Predictors of Psychological Outcomes in Nonheterosexual Individuals","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Related to Alcohol Preference and Consumption","authors":"Bobby K. Traffanstedt, S. Rohr, D. Sparks","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN2.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN2.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130025045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking and updating demographic questions: Guidance to improve descriptions of research samples.","authors":"Jennifer L. Hughes, Abigail A. Camden, Tenzin Yangchen","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN21.3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN21.3.138","url":null,"abstract":". In this editorial, we encourage authors to rethink and update the demographic questions they use in their research surveys. We argue that this is important for ethical and professional reasons (i.e., inclusion and advancing diversity) and also for research integrity reasons (i.e., accurately describing samples for the purposes of clarity, which impacts generalization of findings and possible replication of findings). We give information about the 5 most commonly used demographic questions in survey research (i.e., gender identity, age, ethnicity and race, education, and location) and other additional demographic questions often found in research (i.e., questions about children, disability, employment, relationship status, religion, sexual orientation, and social class). We list questions and answer choices that we selected after reviewing the research literature, and we include our additional, more inclusive answer choices and coding categories. These modified questions better reflect the complexity of respondents’ identities and provide clarity as to how to assess those identities.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}