Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Chocolate and Cheese: Their Effects on Mood","authors":"Valerie Grose, Joanne D. Altman","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN15.3.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN15.3.168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130454321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A National Trauma: Coping Strategies and Positive Growth in College Students","authors":"A. McIntosh, E. Cameron, L. L. Camp","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN8.3.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN8.3.108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131577393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Roles and Personality Disorders","authors":"N. Ozaki, W. Snell","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN11.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN11.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131609257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Social Justice Approach to Undergraduate Psychology Education: Building Cultural Diversity, Inclusion, and Sensitivity Into Teaching, Research, and Service","authors":"Susanna M. Gallor","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.4.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.4.254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132613925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Eye for an Eye: Examining Personality-Based Predictors of Trait Vengefulness","authors":"Sean E. Wisnieski","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN15.2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN15.2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2010 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 15, No. 2/ISSN 1089-4136) Social interactions sometimes give rise to interpersonal offense, whether in the form of a tasteless joke, a hurtful remark, or a betrayed trust. When an individual feels hurt by someone, feelings of unforgiveness often result. Unforgiveness refers to a constellation of generally negative emotions resulting from the perception of an interpersonal transgression; such emotions may include anger, bitterness, hatred, resentment, and rumination (Berry, Worthington, O’Connor, Parrott, & Wade, 2005). Different people attempt to resolve, reduce, or avoid these negative feelings in different ways (Worthington & Wade, 1999). Some may choose to forgive their transgressor, freely relinquishing those negative emotions and any claims they might have to restitution or justice for the harm they suffered (Exline, Baumeister, Bushman, Campbell, & Finkel, 2004). When people genuinely forgive their transgressors, the result is a motivational transformation away from retaliation and estrangement and toward goodwill, compassion, and mercy (McCullough, Worthington, & Rachal, 1997). By contrast, some may choose to seek vengeance. Vengeance is a form of retributive aggression in which the victim of some transgression responds in a manner that is usually aggressive, disproportionate, intense, highly personal, and temporally incontiguous to the harm suffered, typically following a period of angry rumination (Stuckless & Goranson, 1992). Although both forgiveness and vengeance have the effect of reducing the negative feelings associated with unforgiveness (Worthington & Wade, 1999), there is abundant evidence that the two are unequal in most other respects. For instance, the literature indicates that vengeance is a highly malicious and antisocial behavior implicated in a number of violent crimes, including arson (O’Sullivan & Kelleher, 1987), homicide (Porporino, Doherty, & Sawatsky, 1987), and rape (Scully & Marolla, 1985). Conversely, the literature paints forgiveness as a prosocial behavior that confers both physical and mental health benefits on its practitioners. Forgiveness-based therapeutic interventions, such as that designed by Enright and the Human Development Study Group (1991), have resulted in significant long-term mental health improvements in participating clients who identified as suffering from recent emotional distress (e.g., Al-Mabuk, Enright, & Cardis, 1995). Thus, forgiveness and vengefulness, although clearly related, are empirically distinct phenomena. Sean e. WiSnieSki","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133429472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and Event Related Potential Measures of Response Initiation and Response Inhibition by Age and Sensation Seeking","authors":"Michelle Lobermeier, Sierra D Peters","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Sensation seeking, the tendency to seek out novel and stimulating experiences despite a high level of risk, is a personality trait that plays a crucial role in dictating human behavior (Zuckerman, 1994). A teenager who prefers lower sensation-seeking activities will likely elect to stay home rather than accompany similarly underage friends to a house party. Conversely, a high sensation seeker will choose to spend time skydiving or bungee jumping, because the adrenaline rush is enjoyable despite the possibility of injury. Many researchers have focused on studying individual differences in sensation seeking, especially when examining the risk-taking behavior often exhibited by individuals who are high sensation seekers. One particular factor of difference is age; researchers have shown that younger adults often have higher sensationseeking scores than older adults (Roalf, Mitchell, Harbaugh, & Janowsky, 2011; Roth, Schumacher, & Brahler, 2005). It follows, then, that younger adults would also be more likely to partake in high-risk behaviors. This is evidenced by the prevalence of risky behaviors such as drug abuse, crime, and risky sexual behavior seen in younger adults compared to their older adult counterparts (Cowell, Patiel, & Peters, 2019; Turner & McClure, 2003). ABSTRACT. High sensation seeking is associated with increased propensity toward risky behaviors that can be detrimental to oneself and others (Horvath & Zuckerman, 1993). Younger adults not only tend to have higher sensation-seeking scores than older adults, but also demonstrate a greater inclination toward risky behaviors (Cowell, Patiel, & Peters, 2019; Turner & McClure, 2003). The present study considered whether risk-taking behavior is a function of an overactive initiation system (a strong, immediate response to a stimulus) or an underactive inhibitory system (inability to resist an immediate response). With this in mind, the present study examined differences in response initiation and response inhibition among low and high sensation seekers as well as older and younger adults. Participants (18 younger adults and 24 older adults) completed a sensation-seeking questionnaire and Go/No-go task. The results showed differences in inhibition between age groups, controlling for sensation seeking, as measured by the P300 component (η2 = .22) and reaction time (η2 = .24). In regard to response initiation measured by the late contingent negative variation, the results revealed no differences between age groups or sensation-seeking groups. Any significant findings were exclusive to certain electrode sites, however, so results remain somewhat inconsistent regarding widespread and stable group differences. The present study demonstrates that individual differences, such as age and sensation seeking, may play a role in response initiation and inhibition, underscoring the complexity of the process that leads to risky behavior.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133469450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Relationships Mediate the Relation Between Emotional Intelligence and Meaning in Life","authors":"J. Donohoe, D. R. Greene","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN14.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN14.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2009 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 14, No. 2/ISSN 1089-4136) Emotional intelligence has been defi ned as the ability to accurately perceive emotions and emotional content, to use emotions to facilitate intellectual processing, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to regulate and manage emotions (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). Research has suggested a relationship between emotional intelligence and meaning in life (Brackett & Mayer, 2003; David, 2002). Emotional intelligence was related to five dimensions of Ryff’s (1989) psychological well-being measure, including the “purpose in life” dimension, which focuses on an individual’s sense of direction and meaning in life (Brackett & Mayer, 2003). A specific branch of emotional intelligence, emotion management (branch 4), may be especially important for constructs like meaning and purpose in life. This branch of emotional intelligence has been described as “the conscious regulation of emotions to enhance emotional and intellectual growth” (Mayer & Salovey, 1997, p.14). Emotion literature corroborates the proposed benefi ts of emotion management and regulation, demonstrating that the use of positive emotional states can act as a buffer against stress (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2000) and can lead to psychological resilience (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). The present research attempts to elucidate the potential relationship between emotional intelligence and meaning in life by introducing a third variable: social relationships. Quality social relationships may play an important role in this link, given their strong correlations with emotional intelligence (Brackett, Warner, & Bosco, 2005) and meaning in life (DeBats, 1999; Krause, 2007; Setterson, 2002). Consequently, it is necessary to delineate the role of emotional intelligence in social relationships and subsequently the role of social relationships in a meaningful and purposeful life. JOSEPH J. DONOHOE","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Attention in a Classroom is Influenced by Egocentric Thinking","authors":"Anika Shah, L. Spiegelman, Ann Renken","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN18.4.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN18.4.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131675203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Achievement and Social Involvement as Predictors of Life Satisfaction Among College Students","authors":"C. Powers","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN13.3.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN13.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined academic achievement and social involvement as predictors of undergraduates’ life satisfaction. 103 participants completed a survey that assessed life satisfaction, academic achievement, and different types of social involvement. The results of a multiple regression indicated that both social involvement and academic achievement accounted for unique variance (R2 = .29) in the outcome variable of life satisfaction. In addition, the distinction between structured and unstructured social involvement was examined, and I found that unstructured involvement had a much stronger relationship with life satisfaction. These results indicate that both social involvement and academic achievement are important predictors of undergraduate life satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131863734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of Disordered Eating: Depression, Perfectionism, and Body Dissatisfaction","authors":"M. Graziano, Jason F. Sikorski","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.3.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.3.119","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT 2014 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 19, NO. 3/ISSN 2164-8204) *Faculty mentor Eating disorders are a growing problem among women in western cultures. In a prevalence study on eating disorders in women, researchers found lifetime prevalence rates of 0.9% for anorexia nervosa, 1.5% for bulimia nervosa, and 3.5% for binge-eating disorder (Hudson, Hiripi, Pope, & Kessler, 2007). Gutzwiller, Oliver, and Katz (2003) found that 12% of women met the DSM-IV criteria for an eating disorder. However, these numbers did not include the number of women suffering from eating dysfunctions. Women with eating dysfunctions do not meet the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder, yet still exhibit maladaptive symptoms commonly seen in those diagnosed with an eating disorder. For example, a woman who severely restricts her food intake and has an intense fear of becoming fat would not meet the strict diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, but would still exhibit obvious maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors. Twenty-two percent of women surveyed in the United States displayed some symptoms of an eating disorder often without meeting the stringent criteria for an eating disorder diagnosis (Gutswiller et al., 2003). Of important note, women displaying symptoms of an eating dysfunction have been found to display similar difficulties compared to a clinical population of women diagnosed with eating disorders (Klemchuk, Hutchinson, & Frank, 1990). Garner, Olmsted, Polivy, and Garfinkel (1984) compared women classified as weight preoccupied, meaning that they were highly concerned about their weight, to women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. No statistically significant differences existed between those classified as weight preoccupied and those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa on measures assessing bulimic symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and perfectionist tendencies ABSTRACT. The present study investigated levels of depressive symptoms, perfectionist tendencies, and body dissatisfaction in women with different levels of eating dysfunction. Eighty-nine women from a Northeastern university participated in exchange for course credit. Participants were categorized as having an eating disorder, eating dysfunction, or exhibiting normal eating attitudes and behaviors. Results revealed that those with maladaptive eating attitudes and behaviors displayed more body dissatisfaction (η2 = .23) and depressive symptoms (η2 = .08) than those with normal eating attitudes and behaviors. Women with a high fear of becoming fat displayed higher levels of body dissatisfaction (ηp = .36) and depressive symptoms (ηp = .08) than women less concerned about body fat. In short, women with eating disorders and dysfunctions exhibited similar levels of depressive symptoms, perfectionist tendencies, and levels of body dissatisfaction. The present study and many others have implied that the current classification system used to diagnose eating disorders ","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131879513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}