Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Miniature Horses Have Big Advantages: Improved Stress, Mood for Both Airport Travelers & College Students","authors":"Virginia B. Wickline","doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/CGFEV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CGFEV","url":null,"abstract":"Stress has become commonplace in modern society and has been a major topic of discussion in recent years. Although stress is necessary for survival and is a natural response to even favorable situations, the unfortunate reality for the millions of people who suffer from stress is that it can also have negative consequences on mental and physical health if not managed properly. Adults who report high stress are more likely to suffer from heart diseases or even to succumb to chronic cardiac conditions such as strokes (Davidson, Alcántara, & Miller, 2018; Huang et al., 2015; Wargo, 2007). Although stress issues are prevalent worldwide, the United States of America tends to rate in the top 10 in the world on stress compared to other nations; for American adults in particular, overall rates of stress increased in 2018, with young adults ages 15–49 reporting higher rates of stress, worry, and anxiety than older adults (Ray, 2019). The American Psychological Association’s (2018) 12th Annual Stress in America survey of 3,458 respondents indicated that work, money/debt, sexual harassment, and gun violence are frequent stress concerns for Americans, especially among Generation Z respondents. Currently America’s youngest adults, Generation Z respondents are the least likely of adult subgroups to say that their mental health is good, yet they are also the most likely group of adults to seek professional help. Given that the detrimental effects of stress are widely documented, the current study investigated the use of miniature horses as a way to reduce stress and increase mood for two distinct populations who frequently report stress: airport travelers and college students. ABSTRACT. The current research expanded the field of animal-assisted therapy by utilizing miniature therapy horses for the first time in research. We sought to determine if and how animal-assisted therapy with miniature horses affected positive mood, negative mood, and stress levels in 2 distinct populations: (a) airplane travelers at an international airport and (b) residential and commuter college students at a Midwestern university. In a repeated-measures design, a convenience sample consisting of 67 individuals and diverse in gender and ethnicity (17 airport travelers, 50 college students) was given a pretest survey, interacted with the horses as long as they wanted, and completed a follow-up survey. Participants showed decreases in negative mood (d = .41, p < .001), decreases in current stress (d = .93, p < .001), and increases in positive mood (d = .26, p = .003), without indicating changes in our manipulation check, general stress level (d = .14, p = .36). The findings suggest temporary benefits of interactions with the miniature horses for two very distinct populations.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining the Hangover: Anticipated Regret and Binge Drinking","authors":"E. Koch","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.3.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn27.3.212","url":null,"abstract":"The present research tested whether anticipated regret uniquely predicts and influences intention to avoid binge drinking, and whether intention, in turn, negatively predicts binge drinking behavior. Study 1 pilot-tested a measure with Canadian undergraduates and found that anticipated regret uniquely predicted intention to avoid binge drinking, β = .64, B = 0.58, 95% CI (0.45, 0.71), p < .001. Study 2 modified the measure and assessed binge drinking one month later; results replicated those of Study 1, β = .24, B = 0.24, 95% CI [0.13, 0.34, p < .001, and revealed that intention uniquely, negatively predicted binge drinking behavior, β = –.50, B = –0.66, 95% CI [–1.12, –0.20], p = .005. Study 3 randomly assigned whether participants responded to anticipated regret items, and, unexpectedly, found that exposing participants to anticipated regret items lowered intention to avoid binge drinking, Hedge’s g = –.29, 95% CI [–0.56, –0.02], p = .033. Results suggest anticipated regret as a promising intervention target; however, results also suggest caution in designing an anticipated regret intervention.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132707583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity Training Methods, Opinions of Political Correctness, and Perceptions of Microaggressions","authors":"Nicole L. Smith, Elise J. Percy","doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/K3WZ4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K3WZ4","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment studied the impact of diversity training methods and political correctness opinions on participants’ perception of microaggressions. It was hypothesized that (a) those with a positive political correctness opinion would be more aware of microaggressions after diversity training than those with a negative political correctness opinion, (b) the perspective-taking training group would be more effective than the prescriptive training group, and (c) those with a negative political correctness opinion in the prescriptive training condition would have a backfire response in which their awareness of microaggressions would decrease. Using a 2 x 2 design, participants completed a questionnaire assessing their opinion of political correctness and were then randomly assigned to 1 of the diversity training conditions. All participants analyzed a series of comics depicting microaggressions and ranked their offensiveness on a 5-point Likert scale, both before and after training, to measure their change in perception. No significant difference was found for opinion of political correctness, F(2, 54) = 0.11, p = .900, ηp = .004. A significant opposite result was found for diversity training method, F(1, 54) = 10.03, p = .002, ηp = .150, with a greater change in perception for those in the prescriptive group as compared to those in the perspectivetaking group. Additionally, no backfire response was detected among those with a negative political correctness opinion in the prescriptive condition. Findings suggest that exposure to diverse perspectives i s important for changes in microaggression perception to occur.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Age and Sex on Saving Pets Over Humans","authors":"C. Poirier, Margaret Bohrmann","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.306","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between humans and animals is a bond that resembles the relationship between humans and family members. To better understand this relationship, we presented 122 undergraduates (18to 22-year-olds) with 3 moral dilemmas in which they were forced to save their pet or a human (infant, 40-year-old, or 80-year-old) from death. We hypothesized that the older the human in the scenario, the more likely participants would be to choose saving their pet. We also hypothesized that women were more likely than men to save the pet than the human. A 3 x 2 mixed Analysis of Variance was performed to analyze the data. Our findings suggest that both age and sex influence people’s saving preference. Although most participants indicated a preference for saving humans over pets, participants were more likely to save their pet as human age increased (p < .001), and women were more likely than men to save the pet (p = .037). The findings from this study shed light on human-animal relationships, suggesting that some people value their pet’s life over human lives. Open Data badge earned for transparent research practices. Data are available at https://osf.io/ mtsvy/ https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.4.306","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122349930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EAMMi2: Positive Disability Identity Predicts Sense of Belonging in Emerging Adults with Disability","authors":"H. M. Chalk","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Self-Compassion on College Students’ Social Self-Evaluations and Affect Across Two Domains","authors":"Zenab Saeed, Tammy L. Sonnentag","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.2.132","url":null,"abstract":"Students regularly engage in self-evaluations by comparing their performance to their peers’ performance (Strickhouser & Zell, 2015), which may influence their feelings about themselves and willingness to persist in college. Because failure is a natural component of learning, it is important to examine how to promote students’ development when performance is weak relative to their peers. The current study examined if self-compassion moderates the impact of social comparisons on students’ self-evaluations and affect across two domains relevant to college life: academic and interpersonal competence. Students (N = 245) completed a test of academic or interpersonal skills and then received either no feedback or false feedback reporting their performance as below average, average, or above average relative to peers. Participants then completed measures of self-evaluation, affect, and self-compassion. In the academic, F(4,103) = 9.20, p < .001, R2 = .26, p < .001, and interpersonal, F(4,105) = 14.88, p < .001, R2 = .36, p < .001, domains, participants reported more negative affect (but not self-evaluations) when performance was below average compared to average, above average, or when no feedback was given. Self-compassion was associated with more positive affect, βs > .25, p < .001, and less negative affect, βs < -.28, p < .001, in both domains, with the impact of self-compassion in the interpersonal domain particularly important for positive affect, F(7, 102) = 13.74, ΔR2 = .15, p < .001, when performance was average or above average. Increasing students’ self-compassion shows potential for shaping their reactions to social comparisons. Open Materials badge earned for transparent research practices. Materials are available at https://osf.io/cjuzf/","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128920744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part-Set Cuing is Due to Strong, Not Weak, List Cues","authors":"Monica L. Boice, Gary J. Gargano","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN6.3.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN6.3.118","url":null,"abstract":"Research in memory on the part-set cuing paradigm has shown that the presentation of study list items as cues at retrieval impairs recall for the remaining items of the study list (e.g., Rundus, 1973). Subsequent research by Peynircioglu (1987) has indicated that the part-set cuing effect may also occur in nonmemory tasks. In Peynircioglu’s experiment, participants generated words from a larger source word. At retrieval, participants were provided with 0 or 8 exemplars as cues to help generate other words. The results indicated that fewer words were generated in the cued condition than in the noncued condition, suggesting that the mechanism producing the effect was similar to that found in traditional memory tasks (e.g., blocking, strategy disruption). The procedure in the present study was similar to Peynircioglu’s except participants generated exemplars from common conceptual categories (e.g., fruits). The number and popularity of cue words was manipulated. The results indicated that a part-set cuing effect occurred only when popular cues were provided. This finding suggests that the part-set cuing effect is due to the strength of the cue words and thus supports predictions made by blocking theory, which suggests that study list items with higher retrieval strength block access to study list items with weaker retrieval strength. MONICA L. BOICE","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes You Swipe Right?: Gender Similarity in Interpersonal Attraction in a Simulated Online Dating Context","authors":"Sierra D Peters, Hannah Salzieder","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124366406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Empathy on Implicit and Explicit Measures of Anti-Gay Prejudice","authors":"Angela J. Nierman","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN10.3.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN10.3.102","url":null,"abstract":"Kawakami, and Gaertner (2000) as “an unfair negative attitude toward a social group or a person perceived to be a member of that group” (p. 137), has undergone a transformation in the last several decades due in part to changing social norms. While there has been a significant decline in “oldfashioned” or overt racism in the United States, the fact that racism is no longer socially acceptable has not led to the eradication of racial prejudice but rather has made its expression more covert. This “new” or “contemporary” racism is the subtle, often unintentional, form of prejudice characteristic of many people who sincerely believe they are not prejudiced yet unconsciously harbor negative feelings about certain social groups (Dovidio, Kawakami, & Gaertner, 2000). As prejudice has become less socially acceptable, the need for measures to assess implicit attitudes has become apparent to social psychologists. Greenwald and Banaji (1995) define implicit attitudes as “introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate favorable or unfavorable feeling, thought, or action toward social subjects” (p. 8). The Implicit Association Test (IAT), first published by Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998), is a well-established tool for measuring the evaluative associations that underlie implicit attitudes. The test asks participants to classify stimuli into one of two categories as quickly and accurately as possible, and records the response times to indicate the strength of implicit associations between two paired categories relative to the reverse pairing. The test measures the strength of associations between two target concepts, for example “science” and “humanities,” with two associated attributes, for example “male” and “female.” In this example, participants might be asked to first classify stimuli into the category pairings of “science or male” and “humanities or female” (pairing 1), and then to classify stimuli into the reverse pairings of “science or female” and “humanities or male” (pairing 2). The implicit association of males with science is defined by the difference in the average response latency across all classification trials for pairing 2 versus pairing 1. The IAT is a useful method of evaluat-","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"68 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120887088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Are Prosocial Responses to Ostracism Related to Thwarted Psychological Needs","authors":"J. Leiro, J. Zwolinski","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.2.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"76 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121015675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}