St. Tikhons' University Review最新文献

{"title":"Council of Turin in the сontext of relations between the Gallic and the Italian episcopates at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries","authors":"Georgy Zakharov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.11-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.11-25","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the Council of Turin in 398 or 399, at which the Italian bishops tried to help resolve a number of problems in the ecclesiastical life of Gaul. In particular, the controversy about the metropolitan status in the province of Vienne between the sees of Vienne and Arles, as well as the metropolitan rights of Proculus of Marseille in relation to the bishops of the province of Narbonensis II, were discussed. In the first case, the council proposed to the bishops of Arles and Vienne that they reach an amicable agreement, dividing the province into two metropolitanates. In the second case, the rights of the metropolitan were retained for Proculus, but they were thought as personal, and not belonging to the see of Marseille. The article critically examines the conception of the American historian R. Mathisen, who assesses both the format of the council and its decisions as non-canonical. The contextual interpretation of the council allows us to consider it as a rare case of horizontal arbitration. This term refers to the mediating participation of the episcopate of one ecclesiastical region in resolving a conflict in another ecclesiastical region. Horizontal arbitration does not imply a subordinate position of the disputing parties in relation to the chairman of the council considering the case. Roman see at the beginning of the 5th century actually opposed this kind of practice on the basis of the principle of hierarchical inter-church relations. The result of this was an attempt to endow the See of Arles with a preeminent position in Gaul, as well as the encouragement of the practice of transferring the most significant issues to the court of the Roman See.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epistle of Pope Zosimus to bishops of Galliae and Septem provinciae","authors":"Anton Anashkin","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.107-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.107-118","url":null,"abstract":"The paper includes a publication of a Latin translation of the Epistle Placuit apostolicae of Pope Zosimus to the bishops appointed in the dioceses of Galliae (Northern Gaul) and of Septem Provinciae (Southern Gaul), as well as a historical commentary and an introductory article. At the beginning of the paper, the historical context of the Epistle is described, then its content is considered. The Epistle sheds light on the relationship between the see of Rome and the sees of churches of Gaul (primarily, the Church of Arelate). Placuit apostolicae was written in the early days of the pontificate of Pope Zosimus (March 22, 417), probably as a reaction to the appeal of Patroclus of Arles who wanted to expand his influence and jurisdiction over the province of Viennensis and neighboring provinces of the South Gallic diocese, which contradicted the decisions of the synod of Turin in 398. In his letter to the Gallic bishops, Pope Zosimus expresses support for Patroclus and confirms special rights of the see of Arles: the right of the metropolitan bishop of Arles to ordinate bishops in the provinces of Viennensis, Narbonnensis I and Narbonnensis II; the privilege of issuing to Gallic bishops special cover letters (formatae) and recognition of primacy of the metropolitan bishop of Arles in Gaul (although the latter is not said expressiss verbis, but is implied); transfer of some controversial parishes in favor of Arles. With the help of these decisions, Zosimus was able to strengthen the influence of the Roman see in Gaul. Realizing that administrative decisions alone are not enough to fulfill these aspirations, Zosimus substantiates the rights of the see of Arles by appealing to the authority of Saint Trophimus, who, according to the legend first set forth in the letter, founded the first episcopal see in the Gallic lands and became the first bishop of Arles. It follows from this that the bishop of Arles enjoys the advantage of power in the region as Trophimus' heir. Through this narrative, Zosimus defended the interests of the see of Rome, which had sent Trophimus to christianize Gaul, and in the letter he actually constituted a hierarchical connection between the Churches of Gaul and Rome, asserting for Patroclus the right to issue formatae. Trying to change the ecclesiastical and administrative structure of Southern Gaul, Zosimus delegitimizes the decisions of the synod of Gallic Bishops in Turin.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letters of Pope Symmachus to the bishops of Gaul and Caesarius of Arles: translation and commentary","authors":"Darya Omelchenko","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.119-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.119-143","url":null,"abstract":"This article publishes a translation of the 513–514 epistles of pope Symmachus (498–514) to the bishops of Gaul and Caesarius of Arles (502–543). The main issues discussed in the epistles are the claims of the see of Arles for regional primacy in Southern Gaul, women's monasticism and church discipline. The conflict between the sees of Arles and Vienne over ecclesiastical primacy dates back to the end of the 4th century and was connected with the fact that Arles became the political capital of Southern Gaul. During the 5th century, the papal position in this dispute was variable and was not accepted as a valid argument by all the bishops of Gaul. Symmachus confirmed the decisions of pope Leo I the Great on the division of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the province of Vienne, and for the first time granted the bishop of Arles the privilege of wearing the pallium. Although Caesarius became the pope's representative in Southern Gaul, there was no real opportunity for the bishop to exercise this privilege for some time because of the political situation in the region. Regarding the property of the convent at Arles, Symmachus' decision could not satisfy Caesarius because of the vagueness of the pope's wording. As for church discipline, Symmachus could only once again condemn its violations.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Neo-catholic” M. E. Zdziechowski and L. N. Tolstoy: a history of their acquaintance and the evolution of M. E. Zdziechowski’s attitude to the “christian anarchism” of L. N. Tolstoy","authors":"Irina Vorontsova","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.66-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.66-82","url":null,"abstract":"Slavist and Polish Slavophil M.E. Zdzekhovsky came to the attention of Russian scientists relatively recently and has not yet taken its due place in domestic research. 2023 marks the 85th anniversary of his death. A Pole by origin, baptized in the Catholic faith, he remained a representative of a single space of the Slavic world and was close to that part of the Polish and Russian intelligentsia, which at the beginning of the 20th century began to be called \"religious\", since it put the question at the center of its worldview. about the necessity for the social development of states - religious consciousness. At the end of the XIX century. Zdzekhovsky became an admirer of L.N. Tolstoy, and then imbued with his teaching on the moral essence of Christianity. Having taken the post of professor at the University of Krakow and having moved to Austria-Hungary, Zdziechovsky continued his epistolary communication with the Russian intelligentsia and with L.N. Tolstoy, whom he called his teacher. He carried a respectful attitude towards the writer through the years of his passion for modernism (1890-1914) in the Roman Catholic Church, contact with which he found in Tolstoy's moralism. The article, based on letters and books (1890–1914) by Zdziechowski, analyzes the evolution of the attitude of the Polish “neo-Catholic” towards Tolstoy as a thinker. Not accepting Tolstoy's \"Christian anarchism\", Zdziechowski did not condemn his apostasy from the Church, putting the moral aspect of his search, based on epistemological pessimism, at the center of his understanding of Tolstoy's phenomenon. The author concludes that M.E. Zdziechowski's work of the writer and the moral apology of Christianity in modernism, played a leading role in Zdziechowski's attitude towards Tolstoy.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metropolitan Dionisii (1581–1586) and the principles of the church elite’s formation in the 16th century","authors":"Andrey Usachev","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.35-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.35-49","url":null,"abstract":"The author has made an attempt to find out the metropolitan Dionisii’s status in the world and the place of taking him the monastic vows. Earlier he was the abbot of the Novgorod Spaso-Khutynskii monastery. On the base of some historical sources the author makes presupposition that Dionisii soon after taking the monastic vows became the abbot of the Otenskii monastery protected by the secular and the church authorities in the third quarter of the 16th century. There are data about Dionisii’s son - the priest Matfey who took the monastic vows and following the father went to the Spaso-Khutynskii monastery. The son must have inherited the father’s status in the world. Thus Dionisii was from the white clergy. This promoted his turbulent career. In the world he could already acquired many skills which were necessary for the leaders of the church. The epidemics of the 1560-70s could also play their role: a lot of elderly experienced monks who could became abbots and bishops dead. Soon after taking the monastic vows no later than the august of 1572 Dionisii became the abbot of the important Otenskii monastery. After that probably thanks to the acquaintance with Ivan IV no later than the 26th October of 1577 he became the abbot of the Spaso-Khutynskii monastery and then the metropolitan. Taking into consideration that after his dismissal in 1586 he lived for 18 years the author presupposes that he became the abbot and metropolitan in the relatively early age. The research is based on the data from the chronicles, acts, colophons and the records on the objects of church art.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letters from st. Macarius of Optina to L. A. Kavelin: beginning of correspondence and its regularity; publication of the last letter","authors":"Leonid Tolmachev","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023114.144-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023114.144-155","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the letters of St. Macarius of Optina to the future Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) in order to be more specific about the biographical details of the church figure. The cause of the correspondence starting and its regularity are revealed. The article analyzes all the publications of the letters from Elder Macarius to L.A. Kavelin: in the general collection of letters to the laity, in a separate brochure and in collections of letters from the Optina elders, as well as the publication of letters based on archival materials. There is given a previously unpublished text of Macarius’ last letter to L.A. Kavelin before he entered the St. John the Forerunner’s skete of Optina pustyn. The cause of the correspondence with St. Macarius is determined by L.A. Kave-lin’s visiting the skete of Optina at the end of 1845, when they got to know each other better, as well as his asking the elder for advice depending on the circumstances. Furthermore, the article reveals an almost three-year break in correspondence, which allegedly arose due to L.A. Kave-lin’s lack of understanding of St. Macarius’ advice. The latter kept him from entering the monas-tery against the will of his parents, who entrusted the support of their two younger sons to their eldest son.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"St. Philaret of Moscow and the “governmental sphere” in the reign of emperor Alexander II","authors":"G. Bezhanidze, A. Firsov","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023112.46-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023112.46-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the participation of the Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret (Drozdov) in the development of government policy measures during the period of the Great Reforms. Saint Philaret (Drozdov), the most authoritative hierarch of the Russian Church, by the beginning of the reign of Emperor Alexander II, had considerable experience in ecclesiastical and political activity. He had been familiar with the monarch who had ascended the throne for a long time, their relationship was not only official, but also personal. The emperor's wife, Maria Alexandrovna, respected the spiritual gifts of the Moscow Metropolitan. Faced with the problem of writing the text of the manifesto on the abolition of serfdom, the government turned to Metropolitan Philaret. The Moscow saint formulated his own, different from the original, concept of the content of the document, which was accepted. Less well known is his involvement in the preparation of the budget reform. The article reveals the role of the metropolitan in the legislative recognition of a special status for church finances, different from both state and public funds. Some reform initiatives of the government were not implemented due to the opposition of the metropolitan. The active position of St. Philaret prevented the liberalization of the policy towards the Old Believer schism. By rejecting the idea of including a hierarchy in the Council of State, he contributed to the emperor's abandonment of constitutional undertakings. Thus, Metropolitan Filaret (Drozov) should be regarded not only as a prominent church hierarch, but also as a prominent participant in government activities during the era of the Great Reforms.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126848794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charitable activity of women in Nizhny Novgorod region in the 1870s – 1890s","authors":"Ekaterina Zapevalova","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023112.61-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023112.61-79","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers women's charitable activities in the Nizhny Novgorod region in the 1870-1890s. In the XIX century women were especially social active in the field of charity. The involvement of women in the social life of the province affected mainly upper and wealthy groups of the urban population (in the peasant group the features of traditional society were preserved for a long time). The article presents new facts (found both in archival and published sources) about the philanthropy of Nizhny Novgorod merchantry and nobility. The facts demonstrate that charitable initiatives of charity activists manifested themselves mainly in their social and cultural projects. In article all donations of women are systematized by type of assistance (assistance to the poor and the church, maintenance of almshouses, donations for the construction of hospitals and maternity hospitals, charity in the field of education, donations to orphanages, registration of wills for the needs of philanthropy). It is concluded that the largest amount of donations in monetary terms in the last third of the XIX century was ordered for the construction of new hospitals. For the first time, the article presents a detailed history of the hospital institution, created with a large donation from the merchant G.N. Ryabinina for a building of surgical department of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Zemstvo Hospital in 1899.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127277546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical imperatives in historicist perspective: was Jesus Navis immoral?","authors":"A. Chernyak","doi":"10.15382/sturi2023107.99-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023107.99-114","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is dedicated to the problem of moral evaluation of historical figures and events as illustrated by an example of one of the most prominent figures of biblical stories Jesus Navis. He is one of those figures who commits something obviously morally wrong, if seen from the point of view of the dominant modern morality, but still is a moral authority for many people due to his commitment to God, place in Sacred history and some other features. The author considers in the article the following question: may such persons and acts be ever evaluated in modern historical narratives? He presumes that to this question positive answer may be given without sticking to some kind of prejudice, and proposes an argument which combines a semantic thesis that from the truth of the proposition “x committed an immoral action a” does not necessarily follow the proposition “x acted immorally by doing a”, with the justification of the claim that only the first one is applicable to historical figures, given we don’t know the historical context well. It is also shown that this approach allows to resolve yet another old problem: that of an accurate representation of the past without full exclusion of evaluative statements.The present article is dedicated to the problem of moral evaluation of historical figures and events as illustrated by an example of one of the most prominent figures of biblical stories Jesus Navis. He is one of those figures who commits something obviously morally wrong, if seen from the point of view of the dominant modern morality, but still is a moral authority for many people due to his commitment to God, place in Sacred history and some other features. The author considers in the article the following question: may such persons and acts be ever evaluated in modern historical narratives? He presumes that to this question positive answer may be given without sticking to some kind of prejudice, and proposes an argument which combines a semantic thesis that from the truth of the proposition “x committed an immoral action a” does not necessarily follow the proposition “x acted immorally by doing a”, with the justification of the claim that only the first one is applicable to historical figures, given we don’t know the historical context well. It is also shown that this approach allows to resolve yet another old problem: that of an accurate representation of the past without full exclusion of evaluative statements.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115962231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The question of the transfer of the relics of the catholic saint Andrei Bobolia prior to Polotsk celebrations in 1910: documents from the collections of the National historical archive of Russia and the National historical archive of Belarus","authors":"V. Koronevskii","doi":"10.15382/sturii2023112.142-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15382/sturii2023112.142-162","url":null,"abstract":"Documents from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archives and the National Historical Archives of Belarus are considered for publication, shedding light on the discussion of history that unfolded in the highest circles of representatives of the Russian Empire in 1909–1910 about the remains of Jesuit Andrew Bobola, revered by Catholics as a holy, kept in the Dominican church of Polotsk. Actualization of the Bobola problem, whose history went back to its origins at the beginning of the 19th century, was dangerous with the preparation of the transfer of the relics of St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk. The cult of Andrew Bobola has long been used by Polotsk Dominicans to lure the Orthodox inhabitants of Polotsk into Catholicism, so the church and secular authorities of the Russian Empire feared that by appealing to the figure of Bobola, Catholics might try to spoil the ceremony of transferring the relics of St. Euphrosyne and use a great Orthodox celebration to promote their faith. In this regard, the question was raised about the fate of the remains of Andrew Bobola. Some officials believed that it would make sense to take the Catholic relic outside of Polotsk (for example, to Pinsk). However, the milder version prevailed. It was decided not to touch the remains of Bobola, so as not to give Catholics an extra reason for propaganda and exaltation of him as a saint. The following documents are published: presentation of the Vitebsk Governor B.B. Gershau-Flotov addressed to the Minister of Internal Affairs P.A. Stolypin on the desirability of transferring the Catholic relic from Polotsk; a fragment of the most obedient report on the state of the Vitebsk province for 1908, in which the same idea is defended; the initial response of the Minister of the Interior to B.B. Gershau-Flotov; minutes of a meeting of a special meeting convened on the initiative of Nicholas II and designed to decide the fate of Bobola's remains.","PeriodicalId":407912,"journal":{"name":"St. Tikhons' University Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128101887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}