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The Approaches to Actualizing the Scientific and Technological Policy of Russia in Response to New Challenges 应对新挑战实施俄罗斯科技政策的途径
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-138-151
N. Kurakova, A. Petrov, V. Zinov
{"title":"The Approaches to Actualizing the Scientific and Technological Policy of Russia in Response to New Challenges","authors":"N. Kurakova, A. Petrov, V. Zinov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-138-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-138-151","url":null,"abstract":"The authors’ hypothesis boils down to the assertion that the modern scientific and technological policy of Russia does not fully consider the critical level of the country’s technological dependence and the lack of stakeholders in technological development in the real sector of the economy. Insufficiently accurate identification of beneficiaries and key actors in achieving the national goal of “accelerating technological development” was noted as methodological problems of this policy. Three cases of 2020 are considered, illustrating the features of promoting domestic high-tech products as part of the implementation of import substitution programs. The recommendations for updating the state policy aimed at overcoming the technological lag are grounded.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zero Citation in Russian Medical Science, 1990–2017 俄罗斯医学科学零引文，1990-2017
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-199-208
A. Nemtsov, E. A. Kuznetsova-Moreva, V. Shein
{"title":"Zero Citation in Russian Medical Science, 1990–2017","authors":"A. Nemtsov, E. A. Kuznetsova-Moreva, V. Shein","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-199-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-199-208","url":null,"abstract":"A scientometric study of 51 research institutes of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation was carried out. 139,342 publications registered in the Russian Science Citation Index in 1950-2017, were the material of the study. We studied the distribution of publications by year of publication and the number of citations. The publications were divided into two groups: 1) cited one or more times (n = 65395 or 46.9%) and 2) with zero citation (n = 73946 or 53.1%). In 2001-2016 the total number of publications increases linearly (regression coefficient 721 publications or 10% per year). At the same time, the share of cited publications decreased from 72% in 2001 to 46% in 2014, and later, to 4% in 2017. During the period of the highest publication activity (2000-2013), the proportion of cited publications ranged from 17 % to 81% in different institutions (median 61%). The proportion of cited publications may be an indicator of the effectiveness of institutions.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126470353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Decision Making in Organizations: Intuition, Information, and Religiosity 组织中的决策:直觉、信息和宗教信仰
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-152-158
B. George
{"title":"Decision Making in Organizations: Intuition, Information, and Religiosity","authors":"B. George","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-152-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-152-158","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research in experimental psychology suggests that religious belief is influenced by one’s general tendency to rely on intuition rather than information. A corollary emerging from this based on balance theory is that managers who are religious might make more intuition-based decisions than their counterparts who are not religious. The latter group might tend to make more information-based decisions. Recent research also indicates that the use of scientific method, a close cousin of information-based decision making, triggers moral behavior. Employing critical incident technique, the present researchers test this potential relationship among business executives at various ranks, various cultural contexts, and holding various religious beliefs. Our analysis indicates that theist managers, both gnostic and agnostic, preferred intuitive decision making. Likewise, both gnostic and agnostic atheist managers preferred information-based decision making. Also, atheist managers articulated better logical explanations as to why their decisions were morally correct.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128464584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptual Vision of the New University in the Works of Modern Scientists: Typology of the Concepts of Innovatisation of the Higher School 现代科学家著作中新大学的概念视野:高等学校创新概念的类型学
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-186-198
O. Voeykova
{"title":"Conceptual Vision of the New University in the Works of Modern Scientists: Typology of the Concepts of Innovatisation of the Higher School","authors":"O. Voeykova","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-186-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-186-198","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to solving the problem of systematizing the existing concepts of innovation in higher education, reflecting the new vision of the university by modern scientists. The author studied the content and conducted a comparative analysis of various concepts relating to the emergence of the future image of the University. First of all, these are the works of the classics of post-industrialism, who defined science and education as a new industry within the emerging knowledge economy and noted the need to form, in this regard, a new type of University. Important potential for understanding the role and place of the University, as well as to get an idea of its supposed (futuristic) model in the new realities have the concepts of innovatization of higher education, the analysis of which is given most of the article. Under the concepts of innovatization of higher education in the article we understand the concept of modern scientists who consider the transformation of the traditional University in its innovative model that meets the needs of the economy and society focused on innovation. The concepts of innovatization are also divided into several types, grouped according to the relevant features, which suggests the possibility of transition to the innovative model of the University in different ways.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122055824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problems of Formal-mechanistic Approach to Identification of Plagiarism in Scientific Works 科学作品抄袭鉴定的形式-机制方法问题
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-180-185
V. Gelman
{"title":"Problems of Formal-mechanistic Approach to Identification of Plagiarism in Scientific Works","authors":"V. Gelman","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-180-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-180-185","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of research teams and scientists is largely estimated by their publication activity. One indicator of the quality of scientific work is the absence of plagiarism. The purpose of this paper was to consider the problems that arise with the formal-mechanistic approach to the detection of plagiarism in scientific papers. The questions of the correlation of meaning and plagiarism; quoting your own work; quoting and inaccurate quoting; the use of generally accepted expressions, laws, definitions; the need to refine anti-plagiarism systems are considered. It is shown that due to the fact that anti-plagiarism systems do not analyze the meaning of the text, “overdiagnosis” occurs. As a result of an uncritical approach to the conclusions of such systems, the writing of scientific papers becomes more complicated. The necessity of developing more accurate criteria for determining what is plagiarized in scientific papers is noted. Some suggestions were made to reduce the shortcomings of the formal approach.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124667329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Going to Business or Intending in Science? 经商还是学科学?
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-169-179
R. Rogulin
{"title":"Going to Business or Intending in Science?","authors":"R. Rogulin","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-169-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-169-179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the urgent problem of Russian graduates: job search after graduation. It is shown that, in connection with the growing population of the country due to migrants, the arrival of cheap labor from neighboring countries and other economic factors, the search for a decent job as a graduate remains a difficult and relevant problem in modern Russia. The result of this study can be considered as follows. It is shown that there is the possibility of decent earnings in the scientific field of activity when working with students. A mathematical model and an algorithm for simulating the demonstrated situation are developed. It is shown when a graduate should start searching for additional income and when he can catch up with the total amount of money paid if he went to work in a commercial company. This research is purely theoretical.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129991266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interim assessment of the degree of achievement of the planned indicators of the Federal target program «Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020» 对“2014-2020年俄罗斯科技综合体优先发展领域的研究与开发”联邦目标方案计划指标实现情况进行中期评估
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-4-234-247
V. B. Mikhailets, I. V. Radin, K. V. Shurtakov
{"title":"Interim assessment of the degree of achievement of the planned indicators of the Federal target program «Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020»","authors":"V. B. Mikhailets, I. V. Radin, K. V. Shurtakov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-4-234-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-4-234-247","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the results of the interim assessment of the degree of achievement of the planned indicators of the Federal target program «Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014–2020».","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114072780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Program-target management as a tool of financial implementation of special federal programs 项目目标管理作为特殊联邦项目财务执行的工具
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2019-10-13 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-160-169
N. Vasetskaya
{"title":"Program-target management as a tool of financial implementation of special federal programs","authors":"N. Vasetskaya","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-160-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-160-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the program-target method of management in the field of budget financing as one of the effective tools for the implementation of economic and social policy of the state. The analysis of interpretations of program-target management within which absence of unambiguous definition of this phenomenon is shown is carried out. Statistical data on budget financing of special federal programs, in particular in the direction of «Development of high technologies» are considered. Analyzed special federal programs «Research and development on priority directions of development of scientific-technological complex of Russia» 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 shows the existence of differences in their implementation, such as the kind supported by research, the volume of attracted extra-budgetary co-financing, method of formation of subjects. It was noted that during the implementation of the current special federal programs there are such negative phenomena as the absence of real mechanisms for the transfer of science into national programs implemented by other ministries, reducing the efficiency of the mechanism of public-private partnerships and the risks of formation of subjects «under the artist» without examination of the proper quality.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131123121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Development of a single market for research services in the Eurasian Economic Union 欧亚经济联盟研究服务单一市场的发展
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2019-10-13 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-215-229
V. Kuzmin, E. Ilyukhina, L. G. Voronetskaya, S. Meloyan
{"title":"Development of a single market for research services in the Eurasian Economic Union","authors":"V. Kuzmin, E. Ilyukhina, L. G. Voronetskaya, S. Meloyan","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-215-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-215-229","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of existing regulatory legal acts in the field of regulating the research activities of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), a conclusion was made about their similarity and the possibility of starting the operation of the single market of services (SMS) of research without adopting additional legal acts. A comparison of the sources of financing of science of the EAEU member countries with the average and best indicators in the world has been made. The average costs for the EAEU member country amounted to 0,43% of the gross domestic product (GDP) were 1,7% in the world (4 times more). In the EAEU, more research is carried out by public sector scientific organizations (31,8% in EAEU, 12,8% in the world), and less research is performed by the business sector. Proposals for the development of the EAEU SMS for the research, including the creation of the Science Fund and the Innovation Fund, the creation of an information resource on the websites of national regulators in the field of scientific activity, etc., have been made.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Cognitive factors management methodology for the production of high-tech enterprises 高新技术企业生产的认知因素管理方法论
The Economics of Science Pub Date : 2019-10-13 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-203-214
E. Gorlacheva, E. Ivannikova
{"title":"Cognitive factors management methodology for the production of high-tech enterprises","authors":"E. Gorlacheva, E. Ivannikova","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-203-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-203-214","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to outline the main provisions of the methodology for managing cognitive factors of production. It is shown that the processes of industrial re-industrialization, known as Industry 4.0, have led to the emergence of a new type of production resources –  cognitive factors of production. The essence of the concept of “cognitive factors of production” is determined, a structural diagram of the methodology of managing cognitive factors of production is presented. Based on the methods of system analysis, an organizational and economic management model is developed and a mechanism for integration into the general control loop of an industrial enterprise is proposed. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of applying the methodology of managing cognitive factors of production in a knowledge-based economy.","PeriodicalId":407516,"journal":{"name":"The Economics of Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134103365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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