The Approaches to Actualizing the Scientific and Technological Policy of Russia in Response to New Challenges

The authors’ hypothesis boils down to the assertion that the modern scientific and technological policy of Russia does not fully consider the critical level of the country’s technological dependence and the lack of stakeholders in technological development in the real sector of the economy. Insufficiently accurate identification of beneficiaries and key actors in achieving the national goal of “accelerating technological development” was noted as methodological problems of this policy. Three cases of 2020 are considered, illustrating the features of promoting domestic high-tech products as part of the implementation of import substitution programs. The recommendations for updating the state policy aimed at overcoming the technological lag are grounded.