Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems最新文献

{"title":"Synthesizing auditory icons","authors":"William W. Gaver","doi":"10.1145/169059.169184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169184","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory icons add valuable functionality to computer interfaces, particularly when they are parameterized to convey dimensional information. They are difficult to create and manipulate, however, because they usually rely on digital sampling techniques. This paper suggests that new synthesis algorithms, controlled along dimensions of events rather than those of the sounds themselves, may solve this problem. Several algorithms, developed from research on auditory event perception, are described in enough detail here to permit their implementation. They produce a variety of impact, bouncing, breaking, scraping, and machine sounds. By controlling them with attributes of relevant computer events, a wide range of parameterized auditory icons may be created.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123526874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MultiG research programme: distributed multimedia applications on Gigabit networks","authors":"B. Pehrson, Y. Sundblad","doi":"10.1145/169059.169197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169197","url":null,"abstract":"The MultiG research programme is an effort conducted in broad cooperation between academia and industry with public support. The main goals are to strengthen the academic infrastructure and industrial competitiveness, to integrate the major research siles in Sweden, and to demonstrate operating prototypes of novel applications and Gigabit networking concepts. The spirit of the program is similar to the spirit of the Gigabit research part of the US NREN effort. MultiG started formally in July 1990 and is currently funded until June 1993. SiREN, a plan for a six-year extension to a national programme 1993-1999 is being discussed and will be put forward to the Swedish parliamem early 1993.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123366192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using icons to find documents: simplicity is critical","authors":"M. Byrne","doi":"10.1145/169059.169369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169369","url":null,"abstract":"A common task at almost any computer interface is that of searching for documents, which GUIs typically represent with icons. Oddly, little research has been done on the processes underlying icon search. This paper outlines the factors involved in icon search and proposes a model of the process. An experiment was conducted which suggests that the proposed model is sound, and that the most important factor in searching for files is the type of icons used. In general, simple icons (those discriminable based on a few features) seem to help users, while complex icons are no better than simple rectangles.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130058589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A second generation user interface design environment: the model and the runtime architecture","authors":"Noi Sukaviriya, J. Foley, T. Griffith","doi":"10.1145/169059.169299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169299","url":null,"abstract":"Several obstacles exist in the user interface design process which distract a developer from designing a good user interface. One of the problems is the lack of an application model to keep the designer in perspective with the application. The other problem is having to deal with massive user interface programming to achieve a desired interface and to provide users with correct help information on the interface. In this paper, we discuss an application model which captures information about the application to specifications of a desired interface. The application model is then used to control the dialogues at runtime and can be used by a help component to automatically generate animated and textual help. Specification changes in the application model will automatically result in behavioral changes in the interface.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth of software skill: a longitudinal look at learning & performance","authors":"Erik Lloyd Nilsen, H. Jong, J. Olson, K. Biolsi, H. Rueter, S. Mutter","doi":"10.1145/169059.169126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169126","url":null,"abstract":"This research follows a group of users over time (16 months) as they progress from novice towards expert in their use of Lotus 1-2-3. Quantitative and qualitative measures of performance are compared with expert users having over three years of experience. The results indicate that the motor aspects of performance are relatively stable over time, while improvement in the cognitive components of the skill are dependent on aspects of the menu structure and how many things must be retrieved from memory, among other things. These results imply extensions to the Keystroke Level Model of skilled performance as well as suggest ways to design the user interfaces so as to speed the acquisition of expertise.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121530217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High interaction data visualization using Seesoft to visualize program change history (abstract)","authors":"Joseph L. Steffen, S. Eick","doi":"10.1145/169059.169480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169480","url":null,"abstract":"A problem in developing large software systems is understanding the source code. This problem is difficult because of the volume of code. The listing for a moderately sized system with 100,000 lines, printed 50 lines per page, would run 2,000 pa~s. This video shows a new software tool, Seesoft , that applies scientific visualization techniques to visualizing code. The visualization approach is to represent files in a directoty in columns and the source code lines as rows of colored pixels. The indentation and length of each row of pixe18 corresponds to the actual code. The color of each row of pixels is determined by a statistic such as the age, programmer, or type of line, that we obtain from the change management system. The visual impression is that of a miniature picture of the source code with the indentation showing the usual C controls structure and the color showing the spatial distribution of the statistic. A user may adjust the display using direct manipulation techniques to discover interesting patterns in the code. Software engineering concepts such as complexity and bug fix on fix density can be visualized. The main interest of this work to the human factors community is the use of graphical user interface for selecting and combining statistics from a database, the effective use of hundreds of colors to display a mass of data, and the reduction of the point-and-click direct manipulation metaphor to just pointing, e.g. something of interest will occur where ever the mouse points to on the display.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121759720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HCI in the school of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University","authors":"Bonnie E. John, James H. Morris","doi":"10.1145/169059.169067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169067","url":null,"abstract":"People use computers to accomplish tasks. Consequently, understanding human capabilities and tasks is as important to the design of computer systems as understanding computer technologies. The School of Computer Science (SCS) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has become home to an interdisciplinary community that performs research on HCI issues, develops systems using HCI methods of design and evaluation, and trains students in the theory and skills necessary to become HCI professionals.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122487480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADEPT: Advanced Design Environment for Prototyping with Task Models","authors":"P. Johnson, S. Wilson, P. Markopoulos, J. Pycock","doi":"10.1145/169059.169074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169074","url":null,"abstract":"ADEPT MODELS AND TOOLS ADEPT is a novel design environment for prototyping user interfaces which allows the designer to construct an explicit model of the tasks that the user and computer witl perform jointly. ADEPT incorporates task and user modelling components with a rapid prototyping user interface design tool to provide a user-task centred design environment. ADE~ encompasses design from task analysis to the generation of a run-time system through a number of modelling stages (Figure 1). The environment provides editors, browsers, interpreters and generators that atlow each of the models to be functionally employed in user interface design. The task modelling component of ADE~ provides the designer with a graphical editor which allows the designer to construct and browse models of the existing and proposed tasks described in terms of Task Knowledge Structures [1]. The output from the task modelling component feeds directly into the Abstract Interface Model (AIM) component. The AIM provides the designer with a high-level specification of the interaction, expressed in terms of the dialogue structure and abstract interaction objects. The designer can edit and elaborate the AIM using the editors and browsers of ADEIT. The Concrete Interface Model (CIM) is a platform independent description of the interface design at a detailed level of interaction objects, their behaviour and screen layout. A generator tool creates a default CIM which the designer can edit using the CIM tools. The generator is influenced by input of user centred design characteristics from the User Model. The user model is a rule base of design principles which are tailored by the designer with facts concerning the details of the intended user group. The interaction between the CIM generator and the User Modelling components is in the form of question/answer dkdogues which are carried out automatically during the generation process. The CIM may be translated into a platform dependent implementation which makes use of a standard widget set such as Open Lookm. Other platforms can be accommodated by writing alternative translators. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of tha publication and ite date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fea and/or specific permission.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116441856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separations of concerns in the Chiron-1 user interface development and management system","authors":"R. Taylor, G. F. Johnson","doi":"10.1145/169059.169294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169294","url":null,"abstract":"The development of user interfaces for large applications is subject to a series of well-known problems including cost, maintainability, and sensitivity to changes in the operating environment. The Chiron user interface development system has been built to address these software engineering concerns. Chiron introduces a series of layers that insulate components of an application from other components that may experience change. To separate application code from user interface code, user interface agents called artists are attached to application abstract data types. Operations on abstract data types within the application implicitly trigger user interface activities. Chiron also provides insulation between the user interface layer and the underlying system; artist code is written in terms of abstract depiction libraries that insulate the code from the specifics of particular windowing systems and toolkits. Concurrency is pervasive in the Chiron architecture. Inside an application there can be multiple execution threads; there is no requirement for a user interface listening/dispatching routine to have exclusive control. Multiple artists can be attached to a single application abstract data type, providing alternative forms of access by a single user or coordinated access and manipulation by multiple users.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128053280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring remote images: a telepathology workstation","authors":"C. Plaisant, D. A. Carr, H. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1145/169059.169488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169488","url":null,"abstract":"The consulting pathologist sits at the receiving workstation, remotely manipulates the microscope and looks at the high resolution image of the magnified sample, transmitted via satellite, microwave or cable. A scanned low resolution global view of the whole slide is displayed on the control screen. A red rexxangle indicates the position of the microscope stage which can be moved by dragging the rectangle. These actions can be handled with direct manipulation principles. Unfortunately, several limiting factors exists: time delays (about 1.5 seconds for transmission and activation of a command), inadequate position feedback, and increased probability of breakdown. Those factors lead us to the notion of remote direct manipulation [1]. We are exploring various interfaces and conducting experiments to determine which configuration will beneficially replace the existing interface. A satisfactory interface also has to let the pathologist manipulate the main controls while still looking at the high resolution image.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132926812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}