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Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems最新文献

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Representation in virtual space: visual convention in the graphical user interface 虚拟空间中的表现:图形用户界面中的视觉约定
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169279
Loretta Staples
{"title":"Representation in virtual space: visual convention in the graphical user interface","authors":"Loretta Staples","doi":"10.1145/169059.169279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169279","url":null,"abstract":"The graphical user interface (GUI) typically provides a multi-windowed environment within a flat workspace or “desktop.” Simultaneously, however, controls for executing commands within this interface are increasingly being rendered three-dimensionally. This paper explores ways in which the space of the GUI desktop might be literally and figuratively deepened through the incorporation of visual devices that have emerged during the history of art—specifically, perspective and light effects. By enriching the visual vocabulary of the GUI, greater semantic complexity becomes sustainable.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114472516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Human-machine perceptual cooperation 人机感知合作
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169116
F. Quek, Michael C. Petro
{"title":"Human-machine perceptual cooperation","authors":"F. Quek, Michael C. Petro","doi":"10.1145/169059.169116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169116","url":null,"abstract":"The Human-Machine Perceptual Cooperation (HMPC) paradigm combines a human operator's high level reasoning with machine perception to solve spatio-perceptual intensive problems. HMPC defines two channels of interaction: the focus of attention (FOA) by which the user directs the attention of machine perception, and context. As the user moves the FOA across a display via a pointing device, a smart cursor operates proactively on the data, highlighting objects which satisfy the current contest. The FOA permits foveal emphasis, enabling the user to vary motor precision with image clutter. HMPC provides for contexts at four levels of abstraction. This permits the efficiency of the system to degrade gracefully as data quality worsens. We describe a document analysis application to which HMPC is applied. In this project, a human operator works with a machine to convert scanned raster maps into vector format.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116675132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The active badge system (abstract) 主动徽章系统(摘要)
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169535
A. Hopper, A. Harter, Tom Blackie
{"title":"The active badge system (abstract)","authors":"A. Hopper, A. Harter, Tom Blackie","doi":"10.1145/169059.169535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169535","url":null,"abstract":"The Active Badge is used to provide information about where people are [Want et al. 1992, Want and Hopper 1992]. It is battery powered, transmits in the infra-red spectrum and is approximately 60X60X8 millimetres. The transmissions take place every 15 seconds and identify the badge. Receivers are linked by wire to a computer and are placed so as to define cells for the coverage req ui red. Normally they correspond to spaces occupied by one or a number of people. The badge has a light-dependent resistor used to reduce power consumption by decreasing the frequency of transmissions when in the dark. This also means that the user can switch the badge off by placing it in a pocket or face down on the table. Not all badge transmissions are picked up by a receiver, but by using simple algorithms in the receiving software the system can be made sufficiently accurate to be very usef u 1. As well as transmitting the Active Badge can receive which makes possible a more secure system by using a one-way authentication function. Two buttons, two visible LEDs and a tone generator are available for simple interactions. Reciprocity of use is ensured by making badge information available to all computer screens in the organisation.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123497176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
How to aid non-experts 如何帮助非专家
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169140
Mark Antonius Neerincx, P. D. Greef
{"title":"How to aid non-experts","authors":"Mark Antonius Neerincx, P. D. Greef","doi":"10.1145/169059.169140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169140","url":null,"abstract":"Aiding functions may be added to a computer system, so that users with insufficient knowledge can perform their tasks. The aiding should be integrated into the task execution of such users. Empirical knowledge is lacking about the conditions for successful aiding. We evaluated the on-line help system of the statistical software package SPSS/PC. It appears that the addition of help facilities to the system worsens the task performance and learning of novices substantially. In our view, the addition of help is harmful, because communication with the system is more complex as a result, whereas the help hardly provides the task support that novices need. De Greef et al. [5] provide two design principles that result in consistent communication and aiding in correspondence with users' needs: (i) the design of aiding functions is an integrated part of interface design and (ii) aiding is based upon an expert model of the users' task. We evaluated an interface for the statistical program HOMALS, which was designed according to these principles. As a consequence of the addition of aiding functions, non-expert users perform their tasks better and learn more.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123778077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Guiding automation with pixels (abstract): a technique for programming in the user interface 用像素引导自动化(抽象):一种在用户界面中编程的技术
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169526
R. Potter
{"title":"Guiding automation with pixels (abstract): a technique for programming in the user interface","authors":"R. Potter","doi":"10.1145/169059.169526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169526","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Accessing data is a critical challenge for users who write programs to process data already stored in the computer. This data access challenge is particularly acute for end-user programming because the users’ data often exists in applications like word processors, drawing editors, and spreadsheet applications whose internal workings are unknown to the users. Regardless of how easy their programming system is to use or how skilled they are at using it (whether it be C, PASCAL, keyboard macro, or programming by demonstration), the system is of no use if it can not access the data of interest. This challenge will be all the more frustrating to users when the data is clearly represented on the computer display but cannot be accessed.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122177436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The paper model for computer-based writing 基于计算机的写作论文模型
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169459
A. Fatton, Staffan Romberger, K. S. Eklundh
{"title":"The paper model for computer-based writing","authors":"A. Fatton, Staffan Romberger, K. S. Eklundh","doi":"10.1145/169059.169459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169459","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION When writing or reading on paper, we usually have a robust perception of the text as a spatial object with inherent structure. By a quick visual inspection of a book in our hands, and by flipping the pages for a few seconds, we get a preliminary feel for the size, structure and content of the text material. Not only are we guided by those physical cues in the process of approaching a new text, they also enable us to remember the text by its appearance and spatial arrangement (see e.g. [2]), In contrast, during on-screen writing and reading with a word processor, users often lack a global perspective of the text. In fact, the use of word processors has been shown to cause problems for writers in reading and evaluating long documents on the screen. The word processor is usually used on a small screen, showing only a very restricted part of the text at a time. Moreover, when the user makes revisions or shifts position in the text, the location of the text relative to the screen window varies. This contributes to writers lacking an adequate “sense of the text” when writing a long document [1].","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122290629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Estimating the relative usability of two interfaces: heuristic, formal, and empirical methods compared 评估两个界面的相对可用性:启发式、形式化和经验方法的比较
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169173
J. Nielsen, Victoria L. Phillips
{"title":"Estimating the relative usability of two interfaces: heuristic, formal, and empirical methods compared","authors":"J. Nielsen, Victoria L. Phillips","doi":"10.1145/169059.169173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169173","url":null,"abstract":"Two alternative user interface designs were subjected to user testing to measure user performance in a database query task. User performance was also estimated heuristically in three different ways and by use of formal GOMS modelling. The estimated values for absolute user performance had very high variability, but estimates of the relative advantage of the fastest interface were less variable. Choosing the fastest of the two designs would have a net present value more than 1,000 times the cost of getting the estimates. A software manager would make the correct choice every time in our case study if decisions were based on at least three independent estimates. User testing was 4.9 times as expensive as the cheapest heuristic method but provided better performance estimates.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126353975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 185
Searching for unity among diversity: exploring the “interface” concept 在多样性中寻找统一:探索“界面”概念
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169206
K. Kuutti, L. Bannon
{"title":"Searching for unity among diversity: exploring the “interface” concept","authors":"K. Kuutti, L. Bannon","doi":"10.1145/169059.169206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169206","url":null,"abstract":"Despite widespread interest in the human-computer interaction (HCI) field, there remains much debate as to appropriate conceptual frameworks for the field, and even confusion surrounding the meaning of basic terms in the field. HCI is seen by many as focusing on the design of interfaces to computer systems, yet exactly what is implied by this focus on “interfaces” is unclear. In this paper we show how a better understanding of what is meant by the interface is possible via the concept of abstraction levels. We show how this levels approach can clarify some ambiguities, and also how it can be related to different phases in the evolution of the human-computer interaction field itself. In this context, we are able to account for the recent interest in activity theory as a possible alternative framework for HCI work, while stressing the need for HCI research and design to consider each of the separate, but related, levels.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128384116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 71
Automatic structure visualization for video editing 自动结构可视化视频编辑
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169118
H. Ueda, T. Miyatake, S. Sumino, Akio Nagasaka
{"title":"Automatic structure visualization for video editing","authors":"H. Ueda, T. Miyatake, S. Sumino, Akio Nagasaka","doi":"10.1145/169059.169118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169118","url":null,"abstract":"We developed intelligent functions for the automatic description of video structure, and visualization methods for temporal-spatial video structures obtained by these functions as well as for the functions. The functions offer descriptions of cut separations, motion of the camera and filmed objects, tracts and contour lines of objects, existence of objects, and periods of existence. Furthermore, identical objects are automatically linked. Thus the visualization methods supported by object-links allow users to freely browse and directly manipulate the structure including descriptions and raw video data.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
From undo to multi-user applications: the demo 从撤销到多用户应用程序:演示
Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Pub Date : 1993-05-01 DOI: 10.1145/169059.169399
Michael Spenke
{"title":"From undo to multi-user applications: the demo","authors":"Michael Spenke","doi":"10.1145/169059.169399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169399","url":null,"abstract":"The object-oriented history mechanism of the GINA application framework and its relevance for multi-user applications are demonstrated. The interaction history of a document is represented as a tree of command objects. Synchronous cooperation is supported by replicating the document state and exchanging command objects. Asynchronous cooperation leads to different branches of the history tree which can later be merged.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114349300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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