Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems最新文献

{"title":"The applied ergonomics group at Philips","authors":"I. McClelland","doi":"10.1145/169059.169378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169378","url":null,"abstract":"WHO ARE WE? The Applied Ergonomics (AE) group functions as a specialist support group within Corporate Design (CD). In January 1993 the AE group had 10 ergonomists, serving a staff of over 200 in CD. CD has responsibility for the industrial design of all Philips products. Philips has a diverse product portfolio covering consumer and professional applications, and operates in markets worldwide. Ahnost all the work of the AE group is for products using embedded software, some of which are called ‘computers’.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122611923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon: tools for anatomizing video content","authors":"Yoshinobu Tonomura, Akihito Akutsu, K. Otsuji, T. Sadakata","doi":"10.1145/169059.169117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169117","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to interacting with stored video is proposed. The approach utilizes VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon. VideoMAP is the interface that shows the essential video features in an easy to perceive manner. VideoSpaceIcon represents the temporal and spatial characteristics of a video shot as an intuitive icon. A video indexing method supports both tools. These tools allow the user's creativity to directly interact with the essential features of each video by offering spatial and temporal clues. This paper introduces the basic concept and describes prototype versions of the tools as implemented in a video handling system. VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon are effective for video handling functions such as video content analysis, video editing, and various video applications which need an intuitive visual interface.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124666795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the applications of user-expertise assessment for intelligent interfaces","authors":"M. Desmarais, Jiming Liu","doi":"10.1145/169059.169243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169243","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive user interface relies, to a large extent, upon an adequate user model (e.g., a representation of user-expertise). However, building a user model may be a tedious and time consuming task that will render such an interface unattractive to developers. We thus need an effective means of inferring the user model at low cost. In this paper, we describe a technique for automatically inferring a fine-grain model of a user's knowledge state based on a small number of observations. With this approach, the domain of knowledge to be evaluated is represented as a network of nodes (knowledge units—KU) and links (implications) induced from empirical user profiles. The user knowledge state is specified as a set of weights attached to the knowledge units that indicate the likelihood of mastery. These weights are updated every time a knowledge unit is reassigned a new weight (e.g., by a question-and-answer process). The updating scheme is based on the Dempster-Shafer algorithm. A User Knowledge Assessment Tool (UKAT) that employs this technique has been implemented. By way of simulations we explore an entropy-based method of choosing questions, and compare the results with a random sampling method. The experimental results show that the proposed knowledge assessment and questioning methods are useful and efficient in inferring detailed models of user-expertise, but the entropy-based method can induce a bias in some circumstances.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132734018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mondrian: a teachable graphical editor","authors":"H. Lieberman","doi":"10.1145/169059.169120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169120","url":null,"abstract":"Mondrian is an object-oriented graphical editor that can learn new graphical procedures through programming by demonstration. A user can demonstrate a sequence of graphical editing commands on a concrete example to illustrate how the new procedure should work. An interface agent records the steps of the procedure in a symbolic form, using machine learning techniques, tracking relationships between graphical objects and dependencies among the interface operations. The agent generalizes a program that can then be used on “analogous” examples. The generalization heuristics set it apart from conventional “macros” that can only repeat an exact sequence of steps. The system represents user-defined operations using pictorial “storyboards” of examples. By bringing the power of procedural programming to easy-to-use graphical interfaces, we hope to break down the “Berlin Wall” that currently exists between computer users and computer programmers.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One is not enough: multiple views in a media space","authors":"William W. Gaver, A. Sellen, C. Heath, P. Luff","doi":"10.1145/169059.169268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169268","url":null,"abstract":"Media spaces support collaboration, but the limited access they provide to remote colleagues' activities can undermine their utility. To address this limitation, we built an experimental system in which four switchable cameras were deployed in each of two remote offices, and observed participants using the system to collaborate on two tasks. The new views allowed increased access to task-related artifacts; indeed, users preferred these views to more typical “face-to-face” ones. However, problems of establishing a joint frame of reference were exacerbated by the additional complexity, leading us to speculate about more effective ways to expand access to remote sites.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129445468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of an interface for choreographers","authors":"T. Calvert, Armin Bruderlin, S. Mah, T. Schiphorst, Christopher Welman","doi":"10.1145/169059.169113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the evolution of the interface to Life Forms, a compositional tool for the creation of dance choreography, and highlights some of the important lessons we have learned during a six year design and implementation period. The lessons learned can be grouped into two categories: 1) Process, and 2) Architecture of the Interface. Our goal in developing a tool for choreography has been to provide computer-based creative design support for the conception and development of dance. The evolution was driven by feedback from the choreographers and users who were members of the development team, combined with our knowledge of current thinking on design and composition. Although the interface evolved in a relatively unconstrained way, the resulting system has many of the features that theoretical discussion in human interface design has projected necessary. The Life Forms interface has evolved incrementally with one major discontinuity where adoption of a new compositional primitive required a completely new version.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132220742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish tank virtual reality","authors":"C. Ware, K. Arthur, K. Booth","doi":"10.1145/169059.169066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169066","url":null,"abstract":"The defining characteristics of what we call “Fish Tank Virtual Reality” are a stereo image of a three dimensional (3D) scene viewed on a monitor using a perspective projection coupled to the head position of the observer. We discuss some of the relative merits of this mode of viewing as compared to head mounted stereo displays. In addition, we report the experimental investigation of the following variables: 1) whether or not the perspective view is coupled to the actual viewpoint of the observer, 2) whether stereopsis is employed. Experiment 1 involved the subjective comparison of pairs of viewing conditions and the results suggest that head coupling may be more important than stereo in yielding a strong impression of three dimensionality. Experiment 2 involved subjects tracing a path from a leaf of a 3D tree to the correct root (there were two trees intermeshed). The error rates ranged from 22% in the pictorial display, to 1.3% in the head coupled stereo display. The error rates for stereo alone and head coupling alone were 14.7% and 3.2% respectively. We conclude that head coupling is probably more important than stereo in 3D visualization and that head coupling and stereo combined provide an important enhancement to monitor based computer graphics.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"13 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132934136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software","authors":"R. Baecker, Dimitrios Nastos, I. Posner, Kelly L. Mawby","doi":"10.1145/169059.169312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169312","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the user-centred iterative design of software that supports collaborative writing. The design grew out of a study of how people write together that included a survey of writers and a laboratory study of writing teams linked by a variety of communications media. The resulting taxonomy of collaborative writing is summarized in the paper, followed by a list of design requirements for collaborative writing software suggested by the work. The paper describes two designs of the software. The first prototype supports synchronous writing and editing from workstations linked over local area and wide area networks. The second prototype also supports brainstorming, outlining, and document review, as well as asynchronous work. Lessons learned from the user testing and actual usage of the two systems are also presented.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133096601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filtered suggestions (abstract)","authors":"J. Verrips","doi":"10.1145/169059.169396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169396","url":null,"abstract":"MTYP is a program that helps to select texts or macros with very few keystrokes using Filtered Selections. Each newly typed in letter filters suggestions that contain it with a priority for uppercase letters. Evahtation of TYP, MTYPs predecessor, showed that higher cognitive functions are more important for effectiveness of use than a mere reduction of the number of keystrokes. This was used as feedback to development and has led to automatical acceptance of unique suggestions accompanied by a beep to limit eye screen contact and to improvements of the filter as well. These functions can be toggled on and off and it is interesting to experience the final system using a data base that simulates a counter. None of these possibilities has been implemented. In real life people often prefer to memorize abbreviations or numbers to prevent eye screen contact or a paper search and they may well prefer them over Filter@ Suggestions. It is not clear if further research is indicated as this would be very time consuming and TYP is hardly ever used. A floppy disc for DOS machines with MTYP and TYP’s prototype on it is available. Literature: Branching Selection of Suggestions Venips, Joris Interacting Wkh Computers 4, 1 April 1992, pp. 68-82 With MTYP it is possible to select each out of 700 different product names with an average of 3.27 keystrokes and hardly any memory load. But 700 names seems about the upper limit for effective Filtered Selections to be possible. TYP was designed as a “language sensitive editor” for programming languages and can be demonstrated as well. MTYP implements a selection mechanism that might also be applied for ● fast interactive file selection (an example of fast interactive list selection). ● fast interactive macro selection and command selection. ● an electronic counter possibly in combination with a chord keyboard. ● poor man’s speech recognition: type or speak very few letters to select frequent commands. . poor man’s handwriting recognition (see above). Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for and/or specific permission. direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice end the . title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given e 1993 ACM 0-89791 -57551931000410467 . ..$1 .50 thet copying is by permission of the Association for Computing","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114016550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Touch-typing with a stylus","authors":"David Goldberg, Cate Richardson","doi":"10.1145/169059.169093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169093","url":null,"abstract":"One of the attractive features of keyboards is that they support novice as well as expert users. Novice users enter text using “hunt-and-peck,” experts use touch-typing. Although it takes time to learn touch-typing, there is a large payoff in faster operation. In contrast to keyboarda, pen-based computers have only a novice mode for text entry in which users print text to a character recognize. An electronic pen (or stylus) would be more attractive as an input device if it supported expert users with some analogue of touch-typing. We present the design and preliminary analysis of an approach to stylus touch-typing using an alphabet of uni-strokes, which are letters specially designed to be used with a stylus. Unistrokes have the following advantages over ordinary printing they are faster to write, less prone to recognition error, and can be entered in an “eyes-free” manner that requires very little screen real estate.","PeriodicalId":407219,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}