American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa最新文献

{"title":"Media Convergence: Prospects and Challenges for Public Relations Practice in Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/010287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/010287","url":null,"abstract":"he impact of new media of communication is not felt only in the media space but across all strata of mass communication discipline. Public relations as an act of managing relationship between an organization and its various public depend largely on media of communication to succeed. As a result, the tactic, strategy and approach of public relations in terms of communication management largely depend on the media of communication. As such, the convergence of the traditional and new media has brought about drastic change in the public relations field. In Nigeria, public relations professionals are grappling with the new reality brought about by media convergence. This paper therefore explored the challenges the public relations practitioners are likely to encounter and how to surmount those challenges. The study argued that as a dynamic profession, public relations should embrace new skills in desktop publishing, multimedia communication and strategies. Convergence is ‘digital creative economy’ which comes with great opportunity for the practice of public relations. Convergence is about ‘blurring of boundaries’, Nigerian public relations practitioners should therefore adapt quickly to changes in the media sector in order to leverage on the opportunities in the convergence of the media. Keywords: Convergence: Public Relations: Communication: Mass Media: Nigeria","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115710931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firewall Technology's Importance in the Fight against the Internet Security","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/099098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/099098","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquity of online vulnerability and fraud throughout the world is posing a major threat to the internet’s and information technology’s benefits. There have been considerable initiatives and investigations to tackle this hydra-headed challenge of internet vulnerability, with one of them being the discovery of firewall. A firewall is a network security device that monitors and restricts internet traffic based on predefined security rules. It creates an obstacle between a trusted and secure internal network and an untrusted and insecure external network. The firewall security technology was thoroughly examined in this study by the use of secondary data, and it was discovered that it is still extremely important in countering system network vulnerability through the use of Prescriptive Analysis. This study concluded that firewall technology is essential for any sort of computer usage that is connected to the internet. It has been discovered to be an effective counter measure in countering the various security threats that affect internet users for a variety of reasons, including business. This is due to the fact that firewalls have evolved through time to the generations indicated in this article, with each generation being properly prepared to tackle the security risks of that generation. That is to say, while hackers advance in their wicked research to deliver more damaging security threats to internet users, firewall research has far surpassed them in order to deal with such threats as they arise. Hence, the study proposed that computer users install a firewall, whether it is independent, a personal network, or an office network. Keywords: Confidentiality: Firewall: Internet: Network","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129486906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The BRICS and Africa: Political – Economic Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/784575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/784575","url":null,"abstract":"The BRICS is newly emerged post-Cold War bloc (an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) constituting heterogeneous countries of diverse political, economic, social structure and organization with different geo-spatial features, being the reason for raising the new scholarly polarizing “discourse on their geopolitical and geo-economics significance [since] 2009”. The BRICS represent “over 40% of the global population with the combined economic weight in 2015 equaled almost a third of the global GDP in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms (roughly equal with the G-7 countries), [ and they] are the newly emerging center of gravity in the global economic system”. The major objective of the study is exploring, explaining and analyzing the political-economic opportunities emerged and challenges posed on Africa’s overall development by examining the BRICSAfrica relation and its subsequent political and economic contribution on challenging and breaking the political and economic barriers of the Western dominated African economic system in the global economics where direct investment, market, aid, loans and funds are attached with strictly imposed Western political conditionality and their financial and monetary institutions which are the masters of the global economic management since the end of World War II. Methodologically, qualitative research approach was employed by collecting both qualitative and quantitative data in “exploring a problem and developing a detailed understanding of a central Phenomenon” generating “results either in non-quantitative form or in the form which are not subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis”, being exploratory, explanatory and analytical. The BRICS contributed political and economic opportunities, posing parallel challenges on Africa’s overall development, generating renewed interest from its traditional western trading partners out of fear of losing their long-held strategic and economic interests in Africa to the new rising Southern powers. Keywords: BRICS: Africa: Political: Economic Opportunities: Challenges:","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121525658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Studies Education as a Panacea for Building a Secured and United Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/999045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/999045","url":null,"abstract":"his paper, social studies as a panacea for building a secure and united Nigeria, is all about what social studies, as a course of study does to making us have and live in a secure and united country. The paper talks about approaches and methods used in Social Studies to indicate values, norms, beliefs, traditions, etc into the learners that make them useful to the society they live and to equally make the society a better place to live. These Social Studies does by using some methods and approaches in teaching the course. Some of them as mentioned in this paper are discussion method, inquiry method, role play/dramatization, problem solving technique, etc. If these are properly learnt, assimilated and demonstrated, Nigeria will be a secure and United Nigeria. Recommendations were also made as to what we need to do to make proper implementation of these methods and approaches. Keywords: Education: Social Studies: Norms: Traditions: Beliefs: Values: Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124086529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of Hate Speech in the 2019 General Elections in Three Nigerian Newspapers","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/088976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/088976","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world, hate speech represents a form of threat to damage the lives of individuals and increase the sense of fear in entire communities. The recent trend in journalism malpractice in the country is the dissemination of hate speech and vulgar language. In this perspective, the study examined the manifestation of hate speech in the 2019 general elections in the Daily Trust, The Nation and The Guardian newspapers. The variables of frequency, location, direction as well as journalistic genre were used to examine the manifestation of hate speech in the 2019 general elections by the selected newspapers. Stratified random sampling by days of the week was used to select the editions in the three newspapers. Critical Race Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis were used as theoretical framework. Based on the findings, the study discovered that the manifestation of hate speech was more frequent on Daily Trust, follow by The Guardian in the 2019 general elections. The findings reveals that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers in 2019 general elections was significantly high in the inside pages than front and back pages. The paper also found that the manifestation of hate speech by the selected newspapers was in neutral direction in the 2019 general elections. The study concludes that hate speech is a globally-endorsed paradigm and the press, as an important institution in the democratic process plays a key role during elections. As the Fourth Estate of the Realm, the press provides the platform for narratives and discourses in the service of elections, political negotiations and other features of the contestations among politicians and other civil organizations involved in election administration. Keywords: Direction: Frequency: Hate Speech: Journalistic Genre: Prominence.","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116941225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Perception of Food Security during the Period of Covid19 Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/478644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/478644","url":null,"abstract":"Food security has become a challenge to already disadvantaged average Nigeria consumers as a result of sudden shocks occasioned by COVID-19 pandemic. This study therefore investigated consumers’ perception of food security during COVID-19 pandemic in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. In this study, 3 research objectives and research questions were used. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised of consumers in 3 area councils (Gwagwalada, Bwari and Kuje) of the 6 area councils in the FCT. A total of 400 respondents were used as the sample size. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the study. A combination of stratified sampling and proportionate random sampling techniques were used. In the structured questionnaire titled “Consumers’ Perception of Food Security during COVID-19 Questionnaire” was used as instrument for data collection, and 11 items were used. Content validity was used. Test-retest method of reliability was used to obtain the internal consistency. The reliability index was obtained through Cronbach alpha (0.89). Out of the 400 questionnaires administered, 379 were returned valid, representing 95% success rate. Data collected was inputted into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25) software package where descriptive statistics, in the form of tables were generated. The study found among others that: only 16.6% of consumers in the FCT received food palliatives from government during the COVID-19 lockdown, consumers were not satisfied with the high prices of food stuffs in the markets, there is food security problem in Nigeria and government is unserious on ensuring affordability of food for low income consumers. This study recommends that the organized private sector and government should invest heavily in mechanized agriculture, Federal and State Governments should create Ranches and Grazing Reserves for herdsmen, the Federal Government should create Grazing Reserves in the Sambisa Forest and link this to Cattle Markets across the federation, the Federal Government should open the land borders to allow food importation to reduce current high prices of foodstuff. Keywords: Consumers: Food Security: COVID-19 Pandemic: Cattle Ranching: Grazing Reserves: Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122675579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Organizational Socialization on Employee Performance in Media Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/478344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/478344","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations in Nigeria especially public owned organizations, hardly conduct orientation for new hires and those who do, do not do so on a regular basis. In such organizations, many employees only learn about organizational values, norms and culture on the job. The story is not different in Peace Frequency Modulation (FM) Radio Station, Maiduguri. The aim of this study therefore is to examine how organizational socialization impact on employee’s performance in the media industry. The study adopts a single case research approach and uses the purposive sampling method to select the participants. A total of 22 staffs of Peace FM Radio in Maiduguri were sampled. Respondents which include the general manager and every other staff of the radio station were administered with the interview questionnaires. The results of the collated questionnaires were analyzed using pie charts. The study finds out that, majority of the respondents strongly agreed that motivation played a big role in employee performance in an organization. There is a correlation between organizational socialization and employee performance in an organization. New employees in the organization learned about the culture, values and norms at the point of entry and throughout their stay in the Radio organization, and that superiors and co-workers help to pass the organizational culture to new employees once they are employed. The study also found that organizational socialization contributed to the employee’s performance in Peace FM station. The study concluded that organizational socialization is necessary for the performance of any organization. The study recommended among other things that orientation be conducted for new employees as well as old employees who are newly promoted in the organization. This way organizational performance which is dependent on employee performance will be enhanced. Keywords: Orientation Programmes, On Boarding Programmes, Communication, Organizational Learning, Organizational Culture, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131188220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Investigation of Factors Influencing Drug and Substance Abuse in Tertiary Institutions in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/696756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/696756","url":null,"abstract":"Though universally regarded as an engine of economic growth and equitable economic development. Entrepreneurship plays substantial roles in the process of industrialization and sustainable economic development. In fact, beyond any shadow of doubt, entrepreneurship has been playing very important roles towards fostering accelerated economic growth, development and stability within several economies of the world including Nigeria. They are labour intensive, capital saving and capable of helping to create various job opportunities that have significant economic impacts on the citizens. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship promotion on economic development in Nigeria. The methodology used in this study was a descriptive survey research design, with the population consisting of respondents who are entrepreneurs in Lagos; while the sample size was 154 with 118 responding to the questionnaire. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using frequency tables and percentages. The study found that entrepreneurship engenders national economic activities through reduction of poverty among the citizens, provides sources of livelihood, creates and promotes wealth distribution, amongst others. In view of the above findings, the study suggested that public policy makers should recognize the essence of entrepreneurship to economic development, and adopt policies that will create a spill over effects of the activities of entrepreneurship around the country. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Economic Development, Small and Medium Sized Firms, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129898513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Skills Plan, Human Capital Development and Organizational Performance at Ethekwini Municipality","authors":"Madonda Ewart Sandile, O. Charles, G. Yusuf, Ajagbe Musibau Akintunde","doi":"10.58314/098989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/098989","url":null,"abstract":"Human capital development in the eThekwini municipality raises the knowledge, skills and behavioural competencies of employees to the level required to achieve and exceed the organisational requirements contained in the integrated development plan of the municipality. As stated in the integrated development plan, the municipality aims to train its staffs and improve their skills so that the services they provide are sustainable, efficient, and effective. Hence, the overall aim of this study is to establish the influence of work place skills plan on human capital development amongst the employees of eThekwini municipal councils in South Africa. The study used a quantitative research method through a structured self administered questionnaire as the proper instrument for data collection. With non -probability and convenience sampling technique the researchers selected respondents who completed, signed and returned 2018-2019 work place skills plan forms during consultation and meeting with their managers. In this study, 279 respondents completed and returned the questionnaire. The study used a data analysis instrument called Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 20) and AMOS version 20. Results from data analysis showed that workplace skills plan is useful in boosting the overall human capital development in the workplace and therefore can be used as a tool for human capital development. Workplace skills plans assist companies to adjust to labour market flexibility and train for what the market requires and to maximise the returns from the large investment in skills and tertiary qualifications. The findings of this study indicated that training and development have a direct and indirect positive influence on human capital development. The recommended that local municipalities should maximise investments in development of human capital initiatives to sustain effective organisational performance, improve employee performance, productivity, employee competencies, efficiency, effectiveness, and long -term organisational prosperity. Keywords: Training Needs Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modelling, Reliability Analysis, Validity Analysis, Return on Investments, Employee Productivity, South Africa.","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116769950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Selected Natural Bio-Polymers for Fluid Loss Control in Water-Based Drilling Fluid: A Literature Review","authors":"","doi":"10.58314/789767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58314/789767","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid loss to the formation is a well-known problem during exploration and production phases of the upstream sector of oil and gas industry. In fluid filtration formation reduction, it is customary to add chemical additives such as polyanionic, lignosulfonate and carboxyl methyl cellulose in different proportions to build a decent filter cake. This will serve as semi-permeable membrane around the well bore. However, to minimize the cost, the use of less expensive, widely available and environmental benign natural polymers is required. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of some selected natural biopolymers for fluid loss control in water-based drilling fluid as majority of the polymers used for controlling fluid losses are imported and are quite expensive. Importation, no doubt, adds to the overall co st of drilling operations. However, with the use of local polymers, the operational cost could be reduced, new markets created, which stimulate and promote their cultivation, preservation and job creation. In view of this, the study has evaluated and optimized four less investigated local biopolymers using a reduced central composite experimental protocol for the development of new generation of water-based drilling fluids. The study revealed that there is a significant improvement in the properties of the beneficiated clay. Therefore, the study upon review suggested that their heological properties of the base fluid slurry significantly improved in the presence of detarium microcarpum, food gum, roseline fiber, coconut fiber and local barite. The study contribution to knowledge indicated that C. populnea (food gum fiber), coconut fiber and C. sabdariffa (roseline) has been widely used in polymer industry as reinforcements. Keywords: Optimization, Polymer Admixture, Upstream Sector, Oil Industry, Gas Industry, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":406908,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}