Performance of Selected Natural Bio-Polymers for Fluid Loss Control in Water-Based Drilling Fluid: A Literature Review

Fluid loss to the formation is a well-known problem during exploration and production phases of the upstream sector of oil and gas industry. In fluid filtration formation reduction, it is customary to add chemical additives such as polyanionic, lignosulfonate and carboxyl methyl cellulose in different proportions to build a decent filter cake. This will serve as semi-permeable membrane around the well bore. However, to minimize the cost, the use of less expensive, widely available and environmental benign natural polymers is required. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of some selected natural biopolymers for fluid loss control in water-based drilling fluid as majority of the polymers used for controlling fluid losses are imported and are quite expensive. Importation, no doubt, adds to the overall co st of drilling operations. However, with the use of local polymers, the operational cost could be reduced, new markets created, which stimulate and promote their cultivation, preservation and job creation. In view of this, the study has evaluated and optimized four less investigated local biopolymers using a reduced central composite experimental protocol for the development of new generation of water-based drilling fluids. The study revealed that there is a significant improvement in the properties of the beneficiated clay. Therefore, the study upon review suggested that their heological properties of the base fluid slurry significantly improved in the presence of detarium microcarpum, food gum, roseline fiber, coconut fiber and local barite. The study contribution to knowledge indicated that C. populnea (food gum fiber), coconut fiber and C. sabdariffa (roseline) has been widely used in polymer industry as reinforcements. Keywords: Optimization, Polymer Admixture, Upstream Sector, Oil Industry, Gas Industry, Nigeria