Polymer最新文献

{"title":"Superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane composite coating for efficient and stable passive radiative cooling","authors":"Weiwei Fan ,&nbsp;Heng Li ,&nbsp;Jianming Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiang Gao ,&nbsp;Jun Xiang ,&nbsp;Haojun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive radiative cooling coating materials are easily damaged by aqueous contaminants, dust, UV irradiation, acid rain, salt mist, etc., which will weak the cooling effect in outdoor environments. In this work, a modified hollow glass microsphere (VHGM) was used as functional fillers, a superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite coating with stable and efficient passive radiative cooling was successfully constructed. The VHGM filler with siloxane chain and reactive vinyl group can entangle and covalently bond with PDMS chains, resulting in a better compatibility between the two components. Notably, the incorporation of 30 wt% VHGM can acquire high solar reflectance (0.914) and thermal emittance (0.951), producing sub-ambient temperature drops of 8.9 °C and 3.4 °C in outdoor daytime and nighttime environments, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared PDMS-VHGM30 coating possessed a higher static water contact angle of 153° and a lower sliding contact angle of 9°, leading to the formation of superhydrophobic surface with desirable self-cleaning and anti-corrosion. After the treatments with muddy water, UV irradiation, acid or salt solution soaking, the PDMS-VHGM30 coating still remains above 93.5 % (daytime) and 95.0 % (nighttime) passive radiative cooling efficiency in comparison with the original sample, showing durable outdoor radiative cooling performance. The proposed PDMS-VHGM30 coating integrating radiative cooling with superhydrophobic self-cleaning, anti-corrosion and UV resistance characteristics may has practical applications on buildings, vehicles, and other terrestrial objects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High performance, self-healing and recyclable polyisoprene rubbers enabled by modulating sulfide bond structures","authors":"Shiqi Li,&nbsp;Ping Tan,&nbsp;Jian Cao,&nbsp;Yifan Yao,&nbsp;Xiancheng Ren,&nbsp;Yun-Xiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfide bonds in sulfur-vulcanized rubbers not only consisting of strong C–S or S–S bonds which maintain the network integrity, but also provide exchangeable polysulfide bonds under loading or heating, which enhance extensibility, strain-induced crystallization, and potential reprocessability. However, current methods for tuning the sulfide bond structures and distribution are limited, hindering further exploration of effective strategies to improve rubber performance. In this study, we present a straightforward strategy to adjust the content of weak sulfide bonds by incorporating vulcanization modifiers into conventional vulcanization formulations. Our findings indicate that the vulcanization rate, crosslinking density, and mechanical properties can be finely tuned across a wide range. Notably, at low blending contents of vulcanization modifier, the tensile strengths of PhDT-0.5 (30.22 MPa) and PhDT-1 (30.42 MPa) significantly exceed that of PIP (22.03 MPa) and are comparable to Malaysian NR. It is demonstrated that π-π interactions between benzene ring increase entanglement modulus which not only promotes the strain induced crystallization behavior, but also imparts excellent dimensional stability to the rubber samples. Furthermore, at high blending contents of vulcanization modifier, a high content of weak sulfide bonds can be achieved in the vulcanization network, leading to the successful production of self-healing and recyclable polyisoprene rubbers. The representative samples demonstrated a maximum self-healing efficiency of 89.8 %. Moreover, the remolded samples exhibited a high recovery efficiency of tensile strength, reaching up to 104 %, and a recovery of 82.6 % for elongation at break. These results suggest that high-performance, self-healing, and recyclable polyisoprene rubber can be realized by modulating the composition and content of sulfide bonds in the vulcanization network. This innovative method has the potential to be applied to other diene rubbers and in the development of next-generation rubber materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct synthesis of low-molecular-weight poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (LMW-PPO) by Cu(II)-ionic liquids","authors":"Ya-Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Na-Juan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Ren ,&nbsp;Xu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the low molecular weight poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyl oxide) (LMW-PPO) has been extensively applied in the field of 5G communication, the complicated procedures involved in the synthesis of LMW-PPO and efficient recovery of the homogeneous catalysts are still challenging nowadays. In this study, five ionic liquids (ILs) have been successfully synthesized, and LWM-PPO is directly synthesized using different Cu(OAc)₂-ILs complexes as catalysts. Among them, Cu(OAc)₂-<strong>IL(a)</strong> not only exhibits the high yield of LWM-PPO (83.68 %, <em>M</em>_<em>n</em> = 3.6✕10³) with the low 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone (DPQ) yield (0.12 %) and polydispersity index (PDI, 1.39) in methanol, but also maintains high stability after being recycled for 5 times. In addition, with increasing H₂O contents in the system from 1.0 % to 5.0 %, the <em>M</em>_<em>n</em> values of PPO decrease from 2.9✕10³ to 2.4✕10³ with the narrow PDI values in the range of 1.22–1.45, indicating that trace H₂O effectively promotes the formation of binuclear Cu(II) complex between Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O and ILs, which then polymerizes 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) to LMW-PPO. The synthesized LMW-PPO exhibits high thermostability (<em>T</em>_<em>d5</em>_<em>%</em> = 427.07–430.52 °C), low glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>g</em> = 167.6–180.3 °C), and low dielectric constant (<em>D</em>_<em>k</em> = 2.14–2.64, 1 GHz) and dielectric loss (<em>D</em>_<em>f</em> = 2.83✕10⁻³-4.91✕10⁻³, 1 GHz), indicating that it is more appropriate to be used in the field of 5G communication. This study provides new insight on the importance of ILs in direct synthesis of LMW-PPO with high performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triblock copolymers, comprising cyclic anhydride moieties, acting as reactive re-processing enhancers for polyamides","authors":"Matylda Szewczyk-Łagodzińska ,&nbsp;Violette Mohring ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Natalia Grochowska ,&nbsp;Hanna Krawczyk ,&nbsp;Piotr Wieciński ,&nbsp;Nathan J. Van Zee ,&nbsp;Renaud Nicolaÿ ,&nbsp;Andrzej Plichta","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonate- and ether-based oligodiols have been converted into macro-RAFT agents via ATRAF reactions. They have been utilized in RAFT polymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride (MA) to obtain triblock copolymers (TBCs) with poly(styrene-<em>co</em>-maleic anhydride) side blocks. These copolymers have been used as chain extenders and tensile strength modifiers for polyamides (PAs) during reactive extrusion, which mimics mechanical recycling. TBCs of different chain lengths, number of MA moieties per chain, and stiff-to-elastic block ratio were utilized. The additives offset PA degradation during polymer processing. After 25 min of mixing (∼5 recycling acts), the melt viscosity of PAs have increased at least by over five times (from 55 to around 300 Pa s for PA12 and from 5 to 25 Pa s for PA6). The tensile strength of the blends was unchanged for PA12 and increased for PA6 (up to 17 %). The materials were stiffened by the presence of rigid side blocks (up to 40 % rise in Young's modulus). The type and weight fraction of oligodiol and the amount of TBC used affected the results. The presence of TBCs did not influence the morphology of the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical-chemical characterization of a crystallinity gradient in a carbon black-filled PEEK laminate manufactured by laser-assisted tape placement","authors":"Noé Restif ,&nbsp;Suzanne Laik ,&nbsp;Mael Péron ,&nbsp;Federica Daghia ,&nbsp;Frédéric Jacquemin","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-assisted tape placement (LATP) of thermoplastic composites (TPC) enables the rapid production of laminates. However, during layup, higher cooling rates are expected on the bonded interphases between two plies (in the vicinity of the interply), potentially resulting in more amorphous regions, although this has not been experimentally demonstrated in existing literature. Given the impact of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of TPC, an investigation of the crystallinity gradient through the thickness of a laminate manufactured by LATP is of critical importance. However, this requires using a technique able to assess a degree of crystallinity at microscale, which generally involves heavy-duty methods or specific post-processing. Therefore, various techniques have been employed in this study to highlight a through-thickness crystallinity gradient by several ways in a carbon black-filled PEEK (CB/PEEK) laminate. Qualitative techniques, such as laminate's cross-section observation by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of cryofractured and chemical etched surfaces, revealed the presence of less-crystalline interphases. Additionally, the use of nanoindentation and micro-FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) techniques enabled the measurement of a drop in micromechanical properties and intensity band ratio I₁₃₀₅/I_{1277, 1280} at the interphases revealed by the previous methods. Since these properties are proportional to the degree of crystallinity, nanoindentation and micro-FTIR allow for an indirect evaluation of local crystallinity. Finally, these findings were correlated with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis on thin in-plane microtome-cut sections. It showed variations of the degree of crystallinity from 31 % to 18 %, which is in accordance with the results from the different techniques employed before.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on electrical performance of nano-silicide filled epoxy resin composite materials","authors":"Hang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Xingliang Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianlin Hu ,&nbsp;Qin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the performance of epoxy resin (EP) for ultra-high voltage electrical equipment has always been a key focus, as breakdown-related accidents often occur. Existing studies have shown that the incorporation of silicides (SiO₂, Si₃N₄, SiC) into EP can significantly enhance its electrical properties. However, there is no clear consensus on the specific filler compositions and their ratios for improving electrical performance. In this study, different nano-silicides are experimentally incorporated into EP. Based on the test results, the nano-silicide with optimal electrical performance is identified. Subsequently, EP composites with varying filler contents are prepared and their electrical properties tested. Finally, a molecular cross-linking model is used to explain the mechanisms by which silicide compositions and filler content effect the electrical properties of EP composites. Experimental results show that, compared with EP, EP composites filled with nano-silicides exhibit a conductivity (<em>σ</em>) and dielectric constant (<em>ε</em>_<em>r</em>) increase of approximately 50.7 %–65.5 % and 35.1 %–45.3 %, respectively. The dielectric loss tangent (Tan<em>σ</em>) is reduced by approximately 30.2 %–58.7 %, while the breakdown electric field and surface flashover voltage are enhanced by 4.6 %–8.8 % and 3.2 %–11.3 %, respectively. Among the different silicides, the EP/SiC composite demonstrated superior electrical properties compared to EP/SiO₂ and EP/Si₃N₄. The filler content also influences the electrical performance. EP composites filled with 2 % SiC (wt.%) exhibited the best electrical performance, as compared to those filled with 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % SiC. Molecular simulations revealed that SiC nanoparticles provided the most compact internal bonding, the smallest Mean Square Displacement (MSD), and the strongest interface bonding energy of - 3026 kJ/mol with the EP matrix. Additionally, the SiC/EP exhibited the smallest dipole moment and <em>ε</em>_<em>r</em>. As the SiC content increased, the MSD gradually decreased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the biological potential of emulsion-templated matrices through surface engineering for biomedical applications","authors":"Emircan Sert, Ece Ozmen, Robert Owen, Betül Aldemir Dikici","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128549","url":null,"abstract":"Emulsion templating is a highly advantageous route for the fabrication of porous materials, enabling the development of matrices with high porosity, high interconnectivity, and precise morphological control. Synthetic polymers are more widely used in the fabrication of emulsion-templated tissue engineering scaffolds due to their superior mechanical strength, ease of fabrication, control over polymer properties, and batch-to-batch stability. The biological response is strongly associated with the surface properties of the biomaterials; however, scaffolds constructed from synthetic polymers often lack cell recognition sites and exhibit limited bioactivity. Thus, synthetic polymer-based porous matrices commonly require surface post-modification to improve cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, gene expression, and differentiation processes. To date, extensive work has been carried out investigating surface modification of scaffolds fabricated via traditional scaffold fabrication techniques. Still, studies addressing the post-modification of emulsion-templated matrices are comparatively limited despite an exponential increase in the number of publications on emulsion templating for tissue engineering in recent years. This review will first examine the fundamentals of emulsion templating, then describe cell adhesion and the characteristics of scaffolds that influence cell-material interactions. It will then provide a comprehensive analysis of surface modification techniques and recent advancements in surface-modified emulsion-templated matrices for tissue engineering applications. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. We anticipate that this comprehensive literature review will present the current state-of-the-art and serve as a valuable roadmap for researchers seeking to enhance the biological performance of their emulsion-templated scaffolds through surface modifications. Such scaffold optimisation strategies not only improve cell-material interactions but also hold translational potential for advancing human healthcare through more effective regenerative therapies.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PVA/silica/mucin hydrogel with high toughness and low friction","authors":"Xiansheng Tan ,&nbsp;Wenting Deng ,&nbsp;Shuhuan Feng,&nbsp;Tengfei Xu,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang,&nbsp;Jianhao Zhao,&nbsp;Jianhua Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For hydrogel applied in joint cartilage replacement, achieving both high toughness and low friction performance is a significant challenge. This study modifies polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by using wet annealing and immersion methods. Wet annealing allows conformational rearrangement to improve crystallinity while maintaining the overall structure of the hydrogel. The immersion method induces the formation of tiny silica dioxide particles within the hydrogel. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel are greatly enhanced through the synergistic effect of these two mechanisms. Additionally, the introduction of mucin into the hydrogel achieves ultra-low lubrication performance through the brush-like oligosaccharide side chains and the negative charge saliva residues of mucin. The prepared hydrogel material not only exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength 5.11 MPa, tensile modulus 4.56 MPa, compressive strength 27.56 MPa, compressive modulus 2.04 MPa), but also maintains continuous lubrication and a low friction coefficient (0.037) under high loads (5 N) and high speeds (20 mm/s). The hydrogel maintains volume stability in a simulated body fluid environment for an extended period after swelling equilibrium. This method for preparing ultra-tough and lubricating hydrogels can offer valuable insights for researchers in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular simulations for the effect bidispersity and crystallization temperature on the initial stage of structural formation of polyethylene oligomers upon instantaneous deep quench from their melts","authors":"Visit Vao-soongnern","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early stage of structural formation induced by an instantaneous quench from the melts of mono- and binary (50:50) mixtures of polyethylene oligomers, short- and long-chain components represented by eicosane (C₂₀H₄₂) and tetracontane (C₄₀H₈₂) at different crystallization temperatures (<em>Tc</em> = 300 K, 320 K, 340 K and 360 K), were investigated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the coarse-grained (CG) molecular models mapped on the second nearest neighbor diamond (<em>2nnd</em>) lattice. In this simulation, intramolecular interactions were represented by the rotational isomeric state (RIS) model, and intermolecular interactions were represented by the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential energies. The scattering profiles, local dynamics at the monomer level, conformation properties, intra- and intermolecular interaction energies, bond order parameters and structural pair correlation function, were monitored to assess the development of the ordered structure quantitatively. Simulation results suggest that the formation of ordered structures tends to be optimal at <em>Tc</em> = 340 K among binary mixtures with the degree of supercooling (<em>Tm</em> - <em>Tc</em>) around 50–60 K. The structures of binary mixtures formed at <em>Tc</em> = 340 K are also more ordered in comparison to those of pure components. At this condition, although both chain components tend to have less amount of <em>trans</em> conformation than those in pure systems, short chains gain a higher degree of bond orientation, more segregation tendency for short-chain monomers, enhanced monomer dynamics, and the overall structures become more densely packed than their pure components, while long chain components exhibit the opposite characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallization kinetics, Avrami analysis, and fast-scanning DSC of polymers","authors":"Akihiko Toda","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kinetics of polymer crystallization from the melt is described as the process of nucleation and growth of crystal domains. In this review, the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (KJMA) model is used to investigate the kinetics in detail. In particular, the importance and wide applicability of the concept of extended volume are emphasized. The so-called Avrami analysis based on the KJMA model is applied to describe isothermal crystallization where the rates of nucleation and growth are supposed constant. Scattering from crystallizing samples is also analyzed using the correlation function proposed by Sekimoto based on the KJMA model. In contrast, for non-isothermal crystallization, the Ozawa method and the Nakamura method are applied to investigate crystallization by constant rate cooling and a non-constant rate, respectively. Moreover, recent developments in the Ozawa method are also explained. As a specific example, recent studies of the Avrami analysis for isothermal crystallization using a chip-sensor fast-scanning calorimeter are reviewed in terms of the crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate) examined over a wide temperature range down to the glass transition temperature. This includes a discussion on the decelerating effect of rigid amorphous fraction on crystallization, the formation mechanism of nodular crystallites, and the application of the original Avrami model proposed 80 years ago, which is suitable for the quantitative assessment of the effects of nucleating agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 128522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}