Polymer最新文献

{"title":"An Alkynyl-Based Olefin-linked Covalent Organic Framework as an Anode Material for Potassium-ion Batteries","authors":"Bertha Lotsi, Luke Schkeryantz, Chenhao Dang, Abigail M. Houser, Edgar Lopez-Torres, Yiying Wu, Shiyu Zhang, Psaras L. McGrier","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128453","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have become the preferred choice for high-performance energy storage systems powering portable electronics. However, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as a viable alternative due to lithium's limited availability and high cost. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an advanced class of crystalline porous polymers, have become attractive electrodes for KIBs thanks to their great chemical stabilities and tunable electrochemical properties. In this study, an olefin-linked alkynyl-based COF containing 1,3,5-tri(arylethynyl)benzene (TAEB) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine (TMT) units was utilized as a bulk anode material for KIBs. The TAEB-TMT-COF demonstrated a reversible capacity of 124 mAh g^-1 after 300 cycles with an efficiency of ∼ 99 %. TAEB-TMT-COF also exhibited a reversible capacity of 105 mAh g^-1 after 300 cycles at a high current density of 500 mA g^-1 with ∼ 99 % efficiency. The excellent performance is attributed to the chemical stability of olefin-linkage and the presence of the alkynyl groups, which aid in enhancing the binding of K-ions.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic thermal conductive ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene via cyclic pulsating pressure","authors":"Guang-Ming Huang,&nbsp;Lan-Wei Li,&nbsp;Kang-Wei Xia,&nbsp;Wen-Xu Rao,&nbsp;Jia-Chun Zheng,&nbsp;Chen-Hu Yuan,&nbsp;Jin-Ping Qu,&nbsp;Zhao-Xia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniaturization, integration, and performance enhancement of electronic devices have driven an urgent demand for efficient thermal management. Among which, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) could be considered as a promising candidate due to its inherent high specific strength and theoretically ultra-high intrinsic thermal conductivity, once its chain structure been tailored. However, current methods for preparing intrinsic thermally conductive UHMWPE requires complex post-treatment for the extreme-stretching along machine direction, and can only employed as film and fibers. In this work, we introduce cyclic pulsating pressure (CPP) during the compression molding of UHMWPE, and for the first time, proposed a single-step method for fabricating intrinsic thermally conductive UHMWPE sheet. The evolutions in crystalline structure and molecular chains with different CPP conditions have been comprehensively investigated, and the results suggest that its structural changes with proper selection of the pressure-off period (T_off) in CPP process. Consequently, the as-prepared UHMWPE shows obviously enhancement in its thermal conductivity from 0.619 W/mK for conventional sheet to 3.91 W/mK for the one under CPP with optimized T_off, which is then considered due to the in-plane alignment of crystals. Ultimately, our novel intrinsic thermally conductive UHMWPE sheet was employed to transfer the heat from LED to show its ability as thermal conductive materials. We believe that this work can not only provide a highly thermal conductive polymer sheet with its fabrication protocol, but also supply fundamental insight around the dynamic pressure induced structural evolutions of UHMWPE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on performances and retarded recovery process of disentangled long chain branched polypropylene prepared by solution method","authors":"Jiangtao Li,&nbsp;Mingjin Liu,&nbsp;Yanjiang Li,&nbsp;Jie Min,&nbsp;Zheng Yan,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze-drying of dilute polymer solution is a widely accepted method to yield disentangled polymer. Many researches have pointed out that reduction of entanglement density has a big impact on rheology and crystallization behavior of polymer, but the re-entangling would take place in the case of reheating, which is unfavorable to the secondary processing of disentangled polymer. The branched structure of polymer could slow down the relaxation process of the molecular chain, which may delay the recovery of entanglement. In this work, the disentangled long chain branched polypropylene (LCB-PP) was prepared by solution method. The rheological behavior, crystallization behavior, entanglement recovery and mechanical performance of disentangled LCB-PP were investigated. The results showed that the moduli and complex viscosity of LCB-PP decreases with entanglement density decreasing. The disentanglement of LCB-PP has significantly positive effect on crystallization kinetics, while slightly affects the yield strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The entanglement recovery time of LCB-PP is much longer than that of i-PP which indicates the retardation effect of LCB structure on entanglement recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modeling of swelling and shrinking dynamics in pH-sensitive hydrogels composed of alginate, anionic cellulose, and chitosan","authors":"Aleš Ručigaj,&nbsp;Tilen Kopač","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a mathematical model to predict the swelling and shrinkage dynamics of pH-sensitive hydrogels composed of alginate, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), or chitosan. We investigated the effects of biopolymer type, cross-linking density, and/or pH conditions on hydrogel behavior. Swelling and shrinkage experiments revealed that cross-link density primarily governs the final equilibrium state but may also modulate the swelling and shrinkage rate under specific environmental conditions. To quantify this behavior, we introduce a novel parameter, the swelling/shrinkage affinity (<em>a</em>_sw, <em>a</em>_sh), which enables predictive evaluation of hydrogel responsiveness. The model integrates experimental data with rheological measurements, linking cross-link density to mechanical properties such as shear modulus. Rheological measurements validated the findings, correlating mechanical properties with cross-link density and aligning with swelling and shrinkage data. This work enhances the fundamental understanding of hydrogel behavior and offers a predictive tool for optimizing formulations in biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications. This framework may be extended in future work to incorporate external stimuli such as temperature or electromagnetic fields, potentially broadening the application of smart hydrogel systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unique dynamics of water and polymer in polyethylene imine–water mixtures across the glass transition","authors":"K.P Safna Hussan ,&nbsp;Shiori Inoue ,&nbsp;Yuka Arai ,&nbsp;Kaito Sasaki ,&nbsp;Rio Kita ,&nbsp;Takeru Ito ,&nbsp;Shin Yagihara ,&nbsp;Naoki Shinyashiki","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the molecular dynamics of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-water mixtures (100–50 wt% PEI) at subzero temperatures without ice formation, leveraging broadband dielectric spectroscopy. PEI's electrolytic nature and hydrogen bonding capabilities influence relaxation times (<em>τ</em>), strength (<em>Δε</em>), glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_g), and fragility (m). Pure PEI exhibits slower α-relaxation from cooperative polymer segment motion and faster Johari-Goldstein (JG)-β-relaxation. In addition, <em>ν</em> process due to water molecules was observed from 95 wt% of PEI downwards. PEI-water mixtures exhibit unique relaxation dynamics compared to other polymer-water systems, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and poly (vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), showing minimal plasticization by water down to a critical PEI concentration of 70 wt%. Strong hydrogen bonding between PEI and water increases <em>T</em>_g and ν-process relaxation times, preventing ice crystallization. These interactions yield concentration-independent relaxation dynamics (<em>τ</em>_α<em>,</em> <em>τ</em>_ν<em>,</em> <em>T</em>_gν and <em>T</em>_gα) in 95-70 wt % PEI-water mixtures compared to those in PVP and PVME-water mixtures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm these findings: amorphous PEI shows a broad peak at 2θ = 20°, which weakens and splits at 70 wt% PEI into peaks at 2θ = 15° and 24°, indicating amorphous ice. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal a cohesive energy density of 1.50 × 10⁹ J/m³, dominated by electrostatic interactions (1.40 × 10⁹ J/m³) with minor van der Waals contributions (9.9 × 10⁷ J/m³). FTIR spectroscopy highlights a broad, intense peak (3750–2500 cm⁻¹), confirming hydrogen bonding's role in PEI's structure and dynamics. These findings underscore PEI's unique capacity to prevent ice formation and maintain water at low temperatures despite its low <em>T</em>_g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of deformation temperature on microstructure and properties of die-drawn iPP/HDPE blends","authors":"Xuan Qin ,&nbsp;Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Lyu ,&nbsp;Fin Caton-Rose ,&nbsp;Phil Coates ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Men","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is urgent to recycle non-degradable waste plastics. Conventional mechanical recycling requires sorting different types of polymer materials which is quite expensive or even not practical. Hence it is crucial to develop a processing method for incompatible polymer blends. In this work, we successfully processed isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends via a die-drawing process at different temperatures. It turned out that changing the deformation temperature could influence the microstructure and properties of the die-drawn samples. For samples deformed at temperatures below the melting point of HDPE, the molecular chain orientation and long period increased markedly after die-drawing, while this increase was less significant for samples deformed at temperatures above the melting point of HDPE. Subsequently, the former samples exhibited better thermal stability and mechanical properties than both the latter samples and the undeformed samples. The Young's modulus is more than two times and the fracture stress is more than five times the values determined for the undeformed sample. As for the samples deformed at temperatures above the melting point of HDPE, their fracture stress doubled comparing to the one of undeformed sample, despite voids with dimensions of several hundreds of nanometers which were observed in these samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-nucleation effect in crystallization of Poly(propylene-co-ethylene-co-1-butene) terpolymers","authors":"Pingjun Shao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Youxu Chen ,&nbsp;Li Pan ,&nbsp;Yuesheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The self-nucleation effect on crystallization kinetics and polymorphism in poly(propylene-co-ethylene-co-1-butene) terpolymer was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The incorporation of ethylene and 1-butene comonomers induces the occurrence of self-nucleation, which hardly appears in customary isotactic polypropylene homopolymer. Within the incorporation range of 5.5–12.7 mol%, self-nucleation effect could increase the crystallization peak temperature by around 17 °C with respect to the relaxed melt. However, the temperature window of self-nucleation Domain II decreased with increasing comonomer content, where Domain IIa was absent at 12.7 mol%. The successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) analysis revealed that the three terpolymers studied exhibited similar regular sequence lengths but various distributions, where the diminishing of the self-nucleation effect was correlated to the reduction in long regular sequences. Additionally, the incorporation of ethylene and 1-butene comonomers facilitated formation of the triclinic γ form, which could be tuned by self-nucleation temperature <em>T</em>_s. In Domain I, the amount of γ form with respect to α form was kept constant. Interestingly, enhancing self-nucleation by lowering <em>T</em>_s significantly increased the content of γ form, as self-nucleation accelerated crystallization kinetics and increased the cooling crystallization temperature. However, the further reduction of <em>T</em>_s within Domain III favored the formation of α form by preserving crystallites from partial melting and reducing regular sequences for the subsequent crystallization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature- and time-dependent evolution of hydrogel network formed by thermoresponsive BCACB pentablock terpolymers: Effect of composition","authors":"Shaobai Wang,&nbsp;Theoni K. Georgiou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three thermoresponsive BCACB pentablock terpolymers, in which A, B, and C blocks were composed of hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (average molar mass = 300 g/mol, OEGMA300), hydrophobic <em>n</em>-butyl methacrylate (BuMA), and less-hydrophilic di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA), respectively, were synthesised via one-pot group transfer polymerisation (GTP) with varied chemical compositions. In addition to the thermoresponsive behaviour, a time-dependent evolution was also observed in both microscopic structure and macroscopic performance of the thermo-induced hydrogels formed by these terpolymers. Combined analysis using time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering (TR-SAXS) and rheometry reveals that achieving a balanced ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic content is critical for configuring hydrogel networks with optimal performance and stability. Specifically, an excessive hydrophobic content leads to a gradual loss of network storage modulus (<em>G</em>′) over time, while an overwhelming hydrophilic content diminishes the formation of stable elastic-active intermicellar correlations, resulting in the lowest <em>G’</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pore geometry and distribution on buckling under micro computed tomography","authors":"Moira Foster ,&nbsp;Kenneth Steirer ,&nbsp;Jason Bernstein ,&nbsp;Mark Herynk ,&nbsp;Leslie Lamberson","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open-cell polymeric foams are widely used for energy absorption applications due to their unique structural properties. Visualizing the compression behavior of these foams is essential for understanding their viscoelastic response and energy dissipation capabilities. This study investigates the deformation characteristics of an open-cell polyurethane foam, a prospective next-generation material for military combat helmets developed by helmet company Team Wendy. Using micro-computed tomography (CT), two foam samples are scanned at 0 % and 28–29.5 % compression to assess changes in pore geometry. Results show a 10–25 % reduction in pore volume and a 5–10 % decrease in shape uniformity upon compression. Comparative and statistical analyses reveal that initial pore volume significantly influences the sequence of cell collapse. Additionally, pore buckling order is affected by the relative porosity of the material layers, while polydispersity does not play a major role. These findings suggest that both regional density and pore volume are key factors in predicting cell buckling order, providing valuable insights into the structural characteristics that govern open-cell foam deformation under stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 4-aminopyridine on ferric-ion mediated cross-linking of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber","authors":"Shalini Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Suraj W. Wajge ,&nbsp;Shrima Bera ,&nbsp;Pradip K. Maji ,&nbsp;Shiva Singh ,&nbsp;Chayan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-ligand coordination bonds have been recognized as promising cross-linkers for elastomeric materials. In this work, the interaction between the carboxylate group of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) and the ferric ion (Fe³⁺) generates a dynamic cross-linked network in XNBR matrix. Furthermore, by introducing, 4-aminopyridine in the system, we are able to control the degree of cross-linking. The dynamic nature of the coordination bonds imparts recyclability feature to the composite when exposed to thermal stimuli. Prepared composites are thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Swelling study, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rheometric Study, and Cyclic stress-strain study to investigate the crosslinking process and evaluation of the composite's properties. It has been found that variation in the 4-aminopyridine content has a strong influence on the properties including the recycling efficiency and the mechanical strength of the composite. The highest recycling efficiency, after the third recycling, is found as high as 80 % for a particular composition (XNBR-AP-1-Fe) while highest tensile strength of 3.81 MPa is shown by another composition (XNBR-AP-2-Fe).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 128429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}