Polymer最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced piezoelectric performance of ZIF-8@PAN nanofiber membranes for energy harvesting","authors":"Zongjie Li,&nbsp;Yihan Lu,&nbsp;Tengfei Li,&nbsp;Yongyao Xiao,&nbsp;Yafang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, significant attention has been directed towards piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), serving as nanoscale devices for energy harvesting, in the realm of providing power to wearable electronics. However, the limited power output of PENGs has significantly impeded their widespread application. To address this issue, the present study successfully developed a ZIF-8 functionalized polyacrylonitrile/tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate nanofiber membrane (ZIF-8@PAN/TBAHP-NM) with the aim of enhancing the energy harvesting efficiency of PENGs. The process entails the in-situ growth of ZIF-8 crystals onto the surfaces of PAN/TBAHP nanofibers. The experimental results show that the proportion of the planar zigzag conformation within the nanofiber membrane rises to 71.61 % upon the addition of TBAHP to pure PAN. Furthermore, the incorporation of ZIF-8 nanoparticles led to an increase in the proportion of the planar zigzag conformation to 79.60 %, thereby significantly enhancing the electromechanical energy conversion efficiency. The resultant PENGs exhibited a current output of approximately 2.5 μA and a voltage output of 14.8 V, marking an enhancement of 7.3 times and 4.9 times, respectively, compared to pure PAN nanofiber membranes. During a 5000-s durability test, the device maintained a stable electrical signal output, demonstrating robust durability. Additionally, simulations encompassing actions like walking, running, and jumping have further demonstrated the superior performance of piezoelectric nanosensors in tracking human motion, thereby laying the groundwork for advancements in the field of wearable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screw extrusion fused granulate Fabrication: Trends, materials, extruder classification and future development","authors":"Albert Curmi,&nbsp;Arif Rochman","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic review of fused granulate fabrication (FGF), focusing on the classification of FGF extruders, the determination of materials used, and an analysis of past and present trends to forecast future developments. As a rapidly growing field, FGF is increasingly relevant for advancing a circular economy, making it essential to understand the current level of technological achievement from an academic perspective. This review also aims to identify the research hotspots to facilitate future collaborations and classify existing systems to better guide further developments, highlighting gaps in the literature and emerging trends. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, ensuring a comprehensive and methodologically sound analysis. FGF extruders were classified based on screw length and diameter, identifying small-scale extruders (up to 100 mm in length), medium-scale extruders (100–200 mm), and large-scale extruders (over 200 mm). Additionally, we categorized powder-only extruders, which are typically under 7 mm in diameter, specialized for heat-sensitive materials, and predominantly applied in personalized medicine and scaffold production. Our findings reveal that a wide variety of materials, including high-performance polymers, fibre-reinforced composites, elastomers, and direct regrind materials, are being utilized in FGF. Novel designs, such as in-process material mixing, are also emerging. These findings provide an updated overview of the current state of FGF technology, offering valuable insights for policymakers and research groups. By understanding which class of extruders is suitable for specific applications, stakeholders can make more informed decisions, guiding future research and development in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a controllable dual-channel structure of Al2O3 and boron nitride within cellulose nanofiber composite films to improve through-plane thermal conductivity","authors":"Weiguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingqi Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Fang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Chenxin Yan ,&nbsp;Xiongjun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao Han ,&nbsp;Junguo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanofiber-based thermal interface materials demonstrate significant potential for application in miniaturized electronic devices with high-power. However, they face a significant limitation: low through-plane thermal conductivity (TC). In this study, we designed a novel dual-channel structure through leveraging volumetric exclusion effect of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) template during vacuum filtration process. A primary channel was constructed based on a cherimoya-like core-shell structure (TPU@Al₂O₃), wherein TPU microspheres served as the core and spherical Al₂O₃ constituted the shell. Meanwhile, functional boron nitride (f-BN) was assembled into interstitial spaces of these biomimetic core-shell particles to form an auxiliary channel. These films with 16 vol% Al₂O₃ and 20 vol% f-BN can achieve a through-plane TC of 2.07 W/mK, representing a thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) ratio of 508 %. The synergistic efficiency between Al₂O₃ and f-BN attains an exceptional value (159.8 %), which is resulted from the high matching degree (0.413) between their phonon density of states. Thermal conduction behavior of composite films with distinct structures was simulated to investigate the mechanism of the TCE through the transient-state finite element method via COMSOL. Meanwhile, the films with the dual-channel structure exhibit excellent performance of thermal management as thermal interface materials (TIMs), effectively reducing the operating temperature of a central processing unit (CPU) with a powder dissipation of 253 W to 35 °C, which is lower than 22 °C compared to pure CNF. The innovative design of dual-channel structures in films pave the way for broad applications of CNF in the thermal management of electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering study on Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) grating assembly: Architecture and formation mechanism probed using X-ray microbeam","authors":"Selvaraj Nagarajan ,&nbsp;Graecia Lugito ,&nbsp;Wei-Tsung Chuang ,&nbsp;Jhih-Min Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Ya-Sen Sun ,&nbsp;Eamor M. Woo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lamellar assembly of periodically ring-banded spherulites (RBS) has remained a scientific challenge for polymer physicists despite numerous exhausted attempts over the last several decades. Often, researchers relied on the classical propositions of continuous helix-twist lamellae to decipher the orientation of lamellae and lattice crystals within the RBS structures; yet compelling morphological evidence to substantiate the long-and-continuous lamellar helices have been evassive up to present. A comprehensive study of the self-assembly of lamellae within poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)-RBS has been undertaken using both synchrotron-radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction and detailed fracture-interior morphologies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray microbeam diffraction (SAXS/WAXD) were conducted with a matrix of 676 coordinate positions on the PTT-RBS. Based on real-time micrographs, diffraction maps, and fractured micrographs, grating-assembled lamellae have been identified as the periodic crystal aggregates of PTT-RBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen-dependent non-isothermal degradation kinetics of polypropylene: a predictive model","authors":"Tomohiro Ohkawa ,&nbsp;Yoshitomo Furushima ,&nbsp;Benedikt Keitel ,&nbsp;Mehmet Dinc ,&nbsp;Boris Mizaikoff","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal degradation and oxidation kinetics of polypropylene were systematically studied at different oxygen concentrations using non-isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) measurements. Quantitative analysis was attempted by examining the oxygen concentration dependence of weight loss behavior by TG. The kinetic parameters including activation energy and pre-exponential factors revealed a distinct dependance on the oxygen concentration. By introducing an oxygen concentration term into the reaction rate equation for pyrolysis, a master degradation curve independent of oxygen concentration was derived. This study clearly indicates that the weight loss behavior of polypropylene varies significantly with the oxygen concentration. The proposed empirical kinetic model provides a reliable tool for predicting polypropylene degradation across different oxygen concentrations, temperatures and times with significant impact on predicting material stability and lifetime, optimizing polymer processing and improving recycling and waste management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 128470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorizing depolymerized lignin oil through the green synthesis of a thermoplastic non-isocyanate polyurethane","authors":"James Sternberg ,&nbsp;Olivia Sequerth ,&nbsp;Srikanth Pilla","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethanes are the sixth most-produced plastic worldwide and rely heavily upon petroleum resources for their production. The goal of reaching carbon-neutral plastic production depends on finding renewable resources as feedstocks for polymer synthesis. The biorefinery concept of the future relies upon valorizing each biomass component to create cost-competitive materials for commercial applications. One promising technique for valorizing biomass is the process of reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF), where whole biomass is separated into a processable carbohydrate pulp and a stable depolymerized lignin oil composed of phenyl propyl monomers, dimers, and oligomers. In this study, lignin oil from the RCF process is subjected to a green functionalization scheme using organic carbonates and polymerized with a biobased diamine to create a non-isocyanate thermoplastic polyurethane. The reaction progress associated with carbonate functionalization is detailed to reveal a high reactivity with lignin oil precursors. The thermoplastic nature of the resulting polymers is explored through rheological experiments, and the synthetic protocol is tuned to increase the glass transition temperature. The results demonstrate the ability to employ depolymerized lignin oil in a green synthetic sequence toward a high-use thermoplastic polymer class. Such polymers are profoundly useful in creating advanced fiber-reinforced composites for various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyester transesterification through reactive blending and its applications: a comprehensive review","authors":"W.H. Leung ,&nbsp;E.M. Leitao ,&nbsp;C.J.R. Verbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transesterification through reactive blending provides a simple, solventless, and versatile reaction for creating copolymers between polyesters and polycarbonate blends adaptable to diverse applications. However, controlling transesterification to tailor properties has proven challenging due to the complex interconnected parameters influencing the process. This review provides a comprehensive analysis, covering topics from reaction mechanisms to applications, to reveal critical parameters in governing transesterification and establishing a framework for controlling transesterification to suit commercial needs. Our analysis has found that catalyst-related parameters such as composition, loading and solubility emerge as the most critical factors in controlling the transesterification rate. Blend compositions also play an important role, which can independently influence both transesterification efficiency and materials properties through its impact on morphology, necessitating a combination of quantitative techniques to assess the effectiveness of transesterification. These complexities are further exacerbated by the unique dynamics of pairing polymers with drastically different viscosities and residual additives, which causes inconsistent outcomes and contradictory findings in the literature. While blending compatibilization through transesterification, particularly <em>P</em>C-aromatic polyester blends, has been extensively studied, other impactful applications, such as synthesising high-performance ionomers or biodegradable copolymers, are largely underexplored. In addition, a significant research gap remains in exploring diverse polymer systems for innovating new materials and upscaling transesterification through advanced processing techniques such as reactive extrusion for practical relevance. Addressing these areas can fully utilise transesterification's versatility, especially in upcycling polyester waste into novel copolymer materials with tailored functionalities, fostering a circular economy. Such advancement in this field can progress new material development and offer a simple and cost-effective approach to bridging the gap between scientific innovation and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 128488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulphonated hyperbranched wholly bio-based waterborne polyurethane sizing agents for strengthening the wettability and mechanical properties of carbon fibres","authors":"Mengyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Song ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Guangfeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface of carbon fibres (CF) is covered with numerous carbon-containing groups that appear chemically inert, which results in poor wettability and infiltration of the fibres. Additionally, industrial wet-weaving create surface grooves and defects on CF, reducing mechanical performance and product lifespan. To enhance CF's application value and performance, eco-friendly water-soluble resins are needed for sizing. Wholly bio-based waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) prepared by replacing petroleum-based materials with natural renewable bio-extracts and crop-derivatives are attracting the attentions in the CF industries. However, CWPU made with bio-based reagents including castor oil (CO), <span>l</span>-lysine diisocyanate (L-LDI), and gallic acid (GA) exhibits low thermal stability, mechanical strength, and adhesion. In addition to the use of GA as a former chain-extender and cross-linker, the study introduced diaminosulphonate segments with excellent hydrophilicity and polarity into the hyperbranched side-chains of CWPU by the post chain-extension method. SWPU revealed favourable thermal stability and mechanical properties achieving a T5 % decomposition temperature of 293.8 °C and a maximum tensile strength of 41.3 MPa. The \"polar similarity compatibility\" effects of the reactive groups in SWPU together with the synergism of SO₃Na strengthened hydrogen bonding and CO-GA hyperbranched cross-linking networks significantly improved the surface energy (70.9 mN/m), roughness (58.1 nm) and tensile strength (5.8 GPa) of the filaments. The morphological testing of SWPU-CF proved the effectiveness of the sizing coatings in repairing defects on fibre surfaces. As a high-performance and eco-friendly sizing agent, SWPU could contribute to the green and sustainable development of CF used in the new energy vehicle and high-speed railway industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen bond-driven rigid filling strategy: Regulation of epoxy resin network structure and properties by anchored groups","authors":"Shuai Li,&nbsp;Junliang He,&nbsp;Shitian Han,&nbsp;Fei Chen,&nbsp;Yuhang Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Huawei Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The free volume within an epoxy resin curing system is recognized as a critical determinant of its modulus. This study introduces a \"hydrogen bond-driven rigid filling effect,\" achieved by incorporating rigid anchored groups of varying sizes into the epoxy resin system. These groups enhance network densification through conformational transitions and Π-Π stacking interactions, effectively reducing free volume while improving the glass transition temperature (T_g), mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the cured system. Notably, smaller benzene ring groups within the RAE complex system demonstrate greater efficacy in filling network voids. This study elucidates the role of rigid filling in epoxy resin networks, highlighting the enhancement of hydrogen bonding sites within attached groups. These findings present a novel approach for designing high-performance epoxy resin materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 128511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled-release systems for agrochemicals using biodegradable block copolymers with low-temperature formability","authors":"Hiroto Tada ,&nbsp;Neha Sharma ,&nbsp;Takaya Okazaki ,&nbsp;Ikuo Taniguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable block copolymers composed of poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (PDXO), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), or poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(<span>l</span>-lactide) (PLLA) were evaluated as matrix materials for controlled-release pesticide formulations. These polymers can be molded under pressure at low temperatures, allowing incorporation of heat-sensitive agrochemicals without thermal degradation. Clothianidin, a neonicotinoid insecticide, was embedded in these polymer matrices and processed into granule-type formulations. Release studies in aqueous and soil environments demonstrated sustained release over one month, attributed to the gradual enzymatic degradation of the polymer matrices by soil microbes. The formulations maintained pesticidal activity throughout the release period. These results indicate that biodegradable baroplastic copolymers are suitable carriers for controlled-release agrochemicals, offering both environmental compatibility and functional performance. Their pressure-induced processability and biodegradability make them a promising alternative to conventional non-degradable plastics, enabling long-term efficacy while reducing environmental impact and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 128507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}