Polymer最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization of a novel high heat-resistant soluble fluorinated sulfur-containing polyimide for gas separation","authors":"Xiuyuan Wei, Chao Shan, Zhongying Liu, Zhiqing Liang, Hui Wu, Chanjuan Liu, Xiaohua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128831","url":null,"abstract":"A novel sulfur-and fluorine-containing dianhydride monomer 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenylthio)phenyl]hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDAPSA) was synthesized by molecular design, and a series of random co-polyimides were prepared from 6FDAPSA, 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 4-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)pyridine (FTPPA). The obtained co-polyimides exhibited excellent thermal properties (<em>T</em>_g &gt; 288 °C, <em>T</em>_5% &gt; 504 °C, <em>T</em>_10% &gt; 536 °C), good optical properties (λ_cut-off &gt; 342 nm, λ_80% &gt; 410 nm), commendable mechanical properties (tensile strength &gt; 75 MPa) and outstanding hydrophobic properties (contact angle &gt; 90.0°). They also showed excellent solubility in both high and low boiling point organic solvents. Besides, Wide-angle X-ray diffraction test and molecular simulation confirmed that the prepared co-polyimides possess a large molecular chain spacing, with d-spacing values ranging from 5.59 to 5.84 Å and fractional free volume from 0.237 to 0.280. Consequently, polyimide membranes exhibited commendable gas permeability values of He (up to 49.5 barrer) and CO₂ (up to 34.2 barrer), and good ideal gas selectivity values of He/N₂ (up to 34.2) and CO₂/N₂ (up to 22.2). These results indicate that polyimide matrix materials have potential application prospects in the field of gas separation.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallization Behavior of Biobased Poly(butylene furandicarboxylate) (PBF): Influence of Amorphous Chain Mobility, Diffusion and Nucleation on Thermodynamic and Kinetic control.","authors":"Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli, Fakhri-Eddin Nadir Lahfaidh, Andreia F. Sousa, Giovanna Molinari, Maria Cristina Righetti","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128845","url":null,"abstract":"Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of biobased poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) was studied by means of DSC, TMDSC and advanced kinetic analysis. Despite its significance for sustainable materials, several key aspects of its crystallization behavior remain poorly understood. Therefore, changes in the slope of the effective activation energy (<em>E</em>_α) dependencies occurring during the crystallization process are highlighted. The first change appears at the initial stage of crystallization for both heating and cooling, while the second change happens at the end of crystallization. These transitions suggest a shift in the rate-limiting step of crystallization, influenced by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. At the end of the process, the crystallization rate generally decelerates due to the reduced mobility of polymer chains, causing deviations from the Hoffman-Lauritzen (HL) theory's predictions. The present study identifies temperature-specific breaks in the effective activation energy dependencies, correlating with changes in crystallization rates at 145 °C, 137 °C, and 125 °C during cooling, and 83 °C, 87 °C, and 95 °C during heating. The rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) was found to decrease to zero around 85 °C, leading to increased polymer chain mobility and reactivation of crystallization at higher temperatures. Thus, the deviations in <em>E</em>_α between 83-86 °C align with RAF devitrification temperatures. This agreement proves that the isoconversional kinetic analysis can lead to the prediction of the temperature range of the RAF vitrification. The combination of advanced isoconversional analysis and HL rate equation accurately predicts the maximum growth rate temperature (<em>T</em>_max ∼117 °C), in perfect agreement with experimental data, confirming the nonisothermal model's validity and reliability. Interpretations of the variations of <em>E</em>_α in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic control of the overall crystallization rate are given. 16 meaningful kinetic parameters have been optimized with success.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsive properties and triggered disassembly of supramolecular microgels: a key role of the structure.","authors":"A. Brézault, M. Hanafi, V. Schmitt, V. Ravaine, P. Perrin, N. Sanson","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128850","url":null,"abstract":"Although understanding structure–property relationships in microgels is crucial, it remains limited due to the challenges associated with both controlling and quantitatively characterizing the distribution of crosslinkers within the network. Here, multi-responsive supramolecular poly(<em>N</em>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels have been synthesized with either “ultra” core-shell (via batch synthesis) or quasi homogeneous (via continuous feeding) distributions of a metallosupramolecular charged crosslinker (SC), while maintaining a constant size. The SC presents two main advantages. First, its color and its high electronic contrast allow an easy and precise quantification of both its final content and its spatial distribution in the microgel network respectively. It is found that microgels with a quasi-homogeneous SC distribution exhibit a lower swelling ratios upon decreasing the temperature and/or the salt concentration. Second, the triggered SC cleavage through chemical oxidation allows the microgel disassembly. Both the SC cleavage kinetics and the resulting microgel disassembly are faster when the initial SC distribution is quasi-homogeneous. Furthermore, the molar mass of the disassembled polymer chains can be closely correlated to the initial microgel structure. Overall, this work highlights that the microgel structure is a key parameter in understanding their behavior and optimizing their applications.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological analysis of chain extension reaction in PBAT-microalgae composite and its effect on film fabrication","authors":"Jin hoon Yang, Mandy Zheng, Joung Sook Hong, Hiroshi Ito, Joao Maia, Kyung Hyun Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128847","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate the reaction of an epoxy-based chain extender in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites incorporating protein-rich microalgae, <em>Chlorella</em> sp. HS2. The chain extension reaction in the PBAT/HS2 system is systematically characterized using rheological and gel permeation chromatography analyses, showing that the addition of HS2 significantly changes reaction kinetics because HS2 induces PBAT degradation and also actively participates in the reaction with the chain extender. Under heat, the chain extender with epoxy functional groups actively reacts with degraded PBAT molecules through thermal decomposition and microalgae incorporation, restoring PBAT, while simultaneously facilitating interfacial bridging between PBAT and HS2. As the content of the chain extender increases, the chain extension reaction leads to a more structural evolution and induces molecular branching, resulting in strong shear thinning and strain hardening behavior. The effect of chain extension improves film processing of PBAT/HS2 composites. T-die extrusion demonstrated the feasibility of film production, emphasizing the industrial applicability of the newly formulated composites. The findings underscore the crucial role of advanced rheological strategies in characterizing reactive compatibilization between biodegradable polymers and natural fillers.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-Blending Strategy for Multifunctional PLA/PCL/TiO2 Composite Films: Synergistic Effects on Mechanical Reinforcement, Ultraviolet Shielding, and Yellowing Suppression","authors":"Linyu Shao, Wentao Gong, Chaoxia Wang, Yunjie Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128840","url":null,"abstract":"Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biosafe polymer, nevertheless suffers from brittleness, poor thermal stability, and inadequate barrier properties. Blending PLA with ductile polymers (such as polycaprolactone) faces critical challenges including thermodynamic immiscibility, processing-induced degradation, and difficulty balancing stiffness-toughness trade-offs. To enhance properties of PLA, solution-blended films were prepared with PLA at 48.75 wt%, polycaprolactone at 48.75 wt%, and nano-titanium dioxide at 2.5 wt%. The prepared composite films exhibited improved mechanical properties. They achieved a UV protection factor of approximately 201, which is 40 times higher than that of films without TiO₂. Additionally, the films displayed a yellowness index b* of 8.78, corresponding to a 4.99-fold reduction in yellowing compared to TiO₂-free samples. These results highlight the composite’s superior UV resistance and anti-yellowing efficacy for advanced material applications.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface-engineered functionalized graphene oxide reinforced polyamide 6 composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties","authors":"Guanjun Liu, Meng Zhang, Yan Liu, Danyang Zhao, Ying Liu, Zhen Tian, Ping Liu, Lu Wang, Lizhi Li, Meiling Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128849","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of the automotive and mechanical industries has placed higher demands on the thermal conductivity of polyamide 6 (PA6). However, the weak interfacial bonding between graphene oxide (GO) and the PA6 matrix aggravates phonon scattering, which in turn increases interfacial thermal resistance and limits the improvement of composite thermal conductivity. To address this issue, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was employed as an interfacial modifier, and GO-HDI/PA6 composites featuring strong covalent bonding at the nanofiller/matrix interface were fabricated via anionic ring-opening polymerization. As a result, incorporating a low content of GO-HDI could significantly enhance both the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the composites. At 2 wt% GO-HDI, the thermal conductivity of the PA6 composite increased to 0.821 W/m·K, representing a 258.5% improvement compared to neat PA6. Moreover, with only 0.2 wt% GO-HDI, the tensile strength of the composite improved by 27.9%, reaching 50.9 MPa. The outstanding thermal conductivity and mechanical performance were attributed to the uniform dispersion of the nanofillers and their strong interfacial bonding with the matrix, which were further verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. This composite holds significant application potential in various fields that demand stringent thermal management and structural performance requirements.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating-induced dimensional changes in crystal lattice and lamellar thickness of isothermally crystallized poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF)","authors":"Maria Cristina Righetti, Eider Matxinandiarena, Andreia F. Sousa, Alejandro J. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128842","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF), one of the most promising biobased polyesters, was isothermally crystallized from the melt at <em>T</em>_c = 70, 140 and 160 °C and subsequently quenched to room temperature. For the first time, the different structural evolution of these thermally treated samples during heating was investigated <em>in situ</em> by synchrotron wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) and interpreted as a function of the amorphous chain mobility at different temperatures. A structural change in the crystal lattice of the PBF crystals grown at <em>T</em>_c = 70 °C was detected by WAXS during heating beyond 110 °C. Coincidently, SAXS evidenced an increase in lamellar thickness during heating at temperatures close to 110 °C for all samples, regardless of their crystallization conditions. This crystal improvement could be due to the significant mobilization of the methylene sequences within the polymer chains at that limiting temperature. Thanks to less restricted and easier conformational rearrangements, the reorganization of the crystals through a melting/recrystallization mechanism could be favored. On the other hand, a different mechanism involving the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF), <em>i.e.</em> the constrained interphase located at the amorphous/crystal boundary, is proposed to explain the increase in the lamellar thickness observed at around 90 °C after crystallization at <em>T</em>_c = 70 °C. The temperature limit for the presence of the RAF in PBF was indeed identified at around 85-90 °C. Complete mobilization of the amorphous chains at temperatures above 90 °C could favor the rearrangements necessary to form thicker lamellae.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Stretchable and Conductive Liquid Metal-Reinforced Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel for Wearable Devices","authors":"Jialan Tang, Haozhou Shu, Jiawei Lu, Taotian Zhang, Shiqi Huang, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128825","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable devices enjoy high convenience and accessibility and thus are especially suitable for everyday health and fitness monitoring and motion detection. Therefore, the device-tissue interface requires bio-compatible, soft, stretchable, and conductive material. For this purpose, we fabricated conductive hydrogel (GPPgel) via in-situ interpenetrating polymerization of polyacrylic acid and polypyrrole, with dispersed gallium-indium-tin liquid metal droplets (GaInSnDs) and iron ions. In GPPgel, the interpenetrating polymer chains are crosslinked via dynamic metal coordinate bonds and hydrogen bonds in addition to π-π bonds. Thus, environmental stress would be dissipated through an energy dissipation mechanism via reversible dissociation of dynamic bonds. As a result, GPPgel displays high ductility (stretching up to 1740%), high toughness (10.8 MJm^-3, G'≈ 400kPa), high tensile strength (1.85 MPa), low swelling, sufficient adhesiveness, as well as self-healing capability with electrical properties recovering 95.5% after self-healing, and elasticity with frequency-independent performance. As polypyrrole is conductive on its own, with the help of iron ions and GaInSnDs, the conductivity of GPPgel reaches 2.74 ± 0.2 S/m and linearly changes following the bending of the hydrogel, offering the capability to detect the movement of the wearer. Moreover, it features a rapid strain response time of 104 ms, and maintains stable electrical performance. These performances comprehensively meet the needs of most wearable devices, besides, all the components in GPPgel show good bio-compatibility at the applied level in the hydrogel. Collectively, GPPgel displayed broad-frequency mechanical sensing and biological adaptation characteristics and the strategy of applying liquid metal in hydrogels with an interpenetrating network holds promise for further development.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple synergies for enhancing the toughening efficiency: toward fully biodegradable polylactide-based engineering plastics with superior toughness, strength and heat resistance","authors":"Baogou Wu, Mengju Gao, Xiaohu Bing, Jian Xiao, Yu Cao, Wenge Zheng, Long Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128846","url":null,"abstract":"Melt blending with biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a widely used approach for toughening poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). However, a high PBAT addition (30 wt%) is typically required to achieve supertoughness of PLLA, despite extensive efforts to improve toughening efficiency. Herein, the PLLA/PBAT blends were subjected to a simple one-pot melt blending with an epoxy-functional compatibilizer (ADR) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA). The enhanced interfacial adhesion resulting from ADR-induced reactive compatibilization, combined with the elevated melt viscosity of the PLLA matrix caused by the generation of stereocomplex (sc) crystallites through PLLA-PDLA interactions, results in a morphological transition from a sea-island to a co-continuous structure. Concurrently, sc crystallites accelerate the PLLA matrix crystallization, achieving a highly crystalline matrix after brief melt crystallization. Owing to the synergistic effects of strong interfacial adhesion, co-continuous structure and highly crystalline matrix, the toughening efficiency of PBAT is markedly enhanced. Consequently, the notched impact strength of PLLA reaches 58.9 kJ/m² with only 15 wt% PBAT. Additionally, the reduced PBAT content coupled with increased matrix crystallinity endows the blend with high tensile yield strength (57.5 MPa) and heat resistance (Vicat softening temperature up to 156.4 °C). The comprehensive performance of the resulting blend surpasses that of certain commercially available non-biodegradable engineering plastics, potentially expanding the application of fully biodegradable polylactide-based alloys in engineering fields.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable epigallocatechin gallate-based polycarbonate vitrimers with flame-retardant and antioxidant properties for closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber composites","authors":"Jialiang Zhong,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Luo,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Yanning Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable polycarbonate (PC) vitrimers were synthesized through a green one-step reaction between biomass-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (BCC). These EGCG-based networks exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, flame retardancy, antioxidant capacity, self-healing ability and reprocessability. EGCG content significantly affects the performance of the resulting networks. As the EGCG content increases, the mechanical properties, stress relaxation, flame retardancy, antioxidant capacity were improved. The increased EGCG content enhances crosslinking density, resulting in superior flame retardancy with a UL-94 V-0 rating and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.1 %. The dynamic network structure enables efficient stress relaxation, retaining over 80 % of mechanical properties after three reprocessing cycles. Additionally, the material exhibits thermal self-healing efficiency of 90 % through transcarbonation-driven network rearrangement. Additionally, EGCG-based carbon-fiber composites achieved close loop recycling, addressing environmental concerns while maintaining high performance. Present strategy simultaneously enhances recyclability, fire safety, and sustainability, offering a circular economy-aligned solution for polymers used in electronics, automotive, and aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 128841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}