Polymer最新文献

{"title":"Rheological analysis of chain extension reaction in PBAT-microalgae composite and its effect on film fabrication","authors":"Jin hoon Yang, Mandy Zheng, Joung Sook Hong, Hiroshi Ito, Joao Maia, Kyung Hyun Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128847","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate the reaction of an epoxy-based chain extender in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites incorporating protein-rich microalgae, <em>Chlorella</em> sp. HS2. The chain extension reaction in the PBAT/HS2 system is systematically characterized using rheological and gel permeation chromatography analyses, showing that the addition of HS2 significantly changes reaction kinetics because HS2 induces PBAT degradation and also actively participates in the reaction with the chain extender. Under heat, the chain extender with epoxy functional groups actively reacts with degraded PBAT molecules through thermal decomposition and microalgae incorporation, restoring PBAT, while simultaneously facilitating interfacial bridging between PBAT and HS2. As the content of the chain extender increases, the chain extension reaction leads to a more structural evolution and induces molecular branching, resulting in strong shear thinning and strain hardening behavior. The effect of chain extension improves film processing of PBAT/HS2 composites. T-die extrusion demonstrated the feasibility of film production, emphasizing the industrial applicability of the newly formulated composites. The findings underscore the crucial role of advanced rheological strategies in characterizing reactive compatibilization between biodegradable polymers and natural fillers.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple synergies for enhancing the toughening efficiency: toward fully biodegradable polylactide-based engineering plastics with superior toughness, strength and heat resistance","authors":"Baogou Wu, Mengju Gao, Xiaohu Bing, Jian Xiao, Yu Cao, Wenge Zheng, Long Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128846","url":null,"abstract":"Melt blending with biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a widely used approach for toughening poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). However, a high PBAT addition (30 wt%) is typically required to achieve supertoughness of PLLA, despite extensive efforts to improve toughening efficiency. Herein, the PLLA/PBAT blends were subjected to a simple one-pot melt blending with an epoxy-functional compatibilizer (ADR) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA). The enhanced interfacial adhesion resulting from ADR-induced reactive compatibilization, combined with the elevated melt viscosity of the PLLA matrix caused by the generation of stereocomplex (sc) crystallites through PLLA-PDLA interactions, results in a morphological transition from a sea-island to a co-continuous structure. Concurrently, sc crystallites accelerate the PLLA matrix crystallization, achieving a highly crystalline matrix after brief melt crystallization. Owing to the synergistic effects of strong interfacial adhesion, co-continuous structure and highly crystalline matrix, the toughening efficiency of PBAT is markedly enhanced. Consequently, the notched impact strength of PLLA reaches 58.9 kJ/m² with only 15 wt% PBAT. Additionally, the reduced PBAT content coupled with increased matrix crystallinity endows the blend with high tensile yield strength (57.5 MPa) and heat resistance (Vicat softening temperature up to 156.4 °C). The comprehensive performance of the resulting blend surpasses that of certain commercially available non-biodegradable engineering plastics, potentially expanding the application of fully biodegradable polylactide-based alloys in engineering fields.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable epigallocatechin gallate-based polycarbonate vitrimers with flame-retardant and antioxidant properties for closed-loop recyclable carbon fiber composites","authors":"Jialiang Zhong, Zhaoyi Luo, Yue Wang, Yanning Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128841","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable polycarbonate (PC) vitrimers were synthesized through a green one-step reaction between biomass-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (BCC). These EGCG-based networks exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, flame retardancy, antioxidant capacity, self-healing ability and reprocessability. EGCG content significantly affects the performance of the resulting networks. As the EGCG content increases, the mechanical properties, stress relaxation, flame retardancy, antioxidant capacity were improved. The increased EGCG content enhances crosslinking density, resulting in superior flame retardancy with a UL-94 V-0 rating and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.1%. The dynamic network structure enables efficient stress relaxation, retaining over 80% of mechanical properties after three reprocessing cycles. Additionally, the material exhibits thermal self-healing efficiency of 90 % through transcarbonation-driven network rearrangement. Additionally, EGCG-based carbon-fiber composites achieved close loop recycling, addressing environmental concerns while maintaining high performance. Present strategy simultaneously enhances recyclability, fire safety, and sustainability, offering a circular economy-aligned solution for polymers used in electronics, automotive, and aerospace applications.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly Engineered Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Copolymers Integrating High Thermal Resistance with Ultralow Dielectric Loss for Advanced Electronic Applications","authors":"Jinqi Wu, Yani Chen, Ting Zhang, Lifen Tong, Xiaobo Liu, Shuning Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128843","url":null,"abstract":"The development of polymer materials combining exceptional heat resistance with ultralow dielectric characteristics remains critical for advancing high-frequency communication systems and miniaturized high-temperature electronic devices. This study introduces an innovative array of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) statistical copolymers that were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution polymerization, strategically incorporating biphenol AP (BPAP) for dielectric optimization, fluorene-based bisphenol (BPF) for thermal stability enhancement, and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCBN) as the activating monomer. Systematic characterization reveals that the optimized PEN-50 copolymer exhibits superior comprehensive performance, achieving a glass transition temperature (T_g) of 237 °C while maintaining excellent dielectric properties (ε=3.3, tanδ=0.008, @1 MHz). The semi-crystalline film exhibits exceptional tensile performance, attaining 66 MPa tensile strength and 2.03 GPa elastic modulus. These outstanding thermomechanical properties combined with ultralow dielectric losses position the PEN-50 copolymer as a promising candidate for advanced applications in next-generation high-frequency communication devices, aerospace electronics, and high-density integrated circuits requiring simultaneous high-temperature stability and signal integrity preservation.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double yielding in PA11: discriminating the mechanical contributions of the amorphous and crystalline fractions","authors":"Barthélémy Gros, Jean-François Gérard, Paul Sotta, Xavier P. Morelle","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128844","url":null,"abstract":"The stress-strain curve of PA11 exhibits two well-distinct successive yield points during tensile deformation below T_g. This phenomenon, denoted double yielding (DY), has been observed as well in other semicrystalline polymers such as PA6 or PE. An investigation of the origin of such phenomenon and its relationship to the deformation mechanisms occurring in the amorphous and crystalline phases of PA11 has been conducted. PA11 samples were purposely modified prior to or during tensile testing and the resulting effects on the two yield points were systematically monitored. A strong link between ageing-, temperature/rate- or plasticity-induced molecular mobility in the amorphous phase and the first yield point has been established. On the other hand, the second yield point is clearly sensitive to crystalline restructuring due to annealing or slow cooling from the melt. However, it is also sensitive to changes in mobility in the amorphous phase. A thermomechanical activation model describing the DY phenomenon that predicts the non-trivial evolution of σ_y2 and suggests that plastic flow in the amorphous phase must first be activated to initiate crystalline mechanisms has been proposed. More generally new insights into the complex microscopic deformation mechanisms in semicrystalline thermoplastics have been provided.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"664 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Density Fluctuations and Interfacial Energy in Controlling the Dynamics of the Polymers Confined within the Anodic Aluminum Oxide","authors":"Sara Zimny, Magdalena Tarnacka, Monika Geppert-Rybczyńska, Ewa Kamińska, Kamil Kamiński","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128838","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we performed dielectric and calorimetric studies on the dynamics of the three polymer brushes based on poly(mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane, PMMS), grafted with various acrylates monomers that were infiltrated into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous templates characterized by the constant pore size, <span><math></math></span>. Additionally, systematic high pressure dielectric investigations were done along with the contact angle measurements to understand behaviour of these polymer in the nanospatial restriction. A special focus was paid to address the shift of the <span><math></math></span> and <span><math></math></span> corresponding respectively to the “interfacial” and the “core” fractions, of polymers with respect to the bulk samples. Results showed that changes of both <span><math></math></span> s (calculated as <span><math></math></span>) were comparable across copolymers. Nevertheless, to make more general conclusions, we compared our data with the ones collected for the other polymers of similar molecular weight measured at high pressures and within AAO membranes. It was found that the interfacial energy (<span><math></math></span>) might not be enough to predict the variation of both <span><math></math></span> and/or <span><math></math></span>. However, some relationship between the pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature <span><math></math></span> and <span><math></math></span> as well as <span><math></math></span> was noted. This suggests that polymers that are more sensitive to density variations show a larger depression of <span><math></math></span> under confinement. Though these relationships are not always satisfied. It means that the depression of <span><math></math></span> of given polymer under confinement is not governed by a single parameter, but is controlled by the interplay between the interfacial energy, pressure sensitivity of the segmental dynamics and molecular weight of the polymer.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of molecular weight on the thermal degradation of poly(lactic acid): A crystallization perspective","authors":"Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Ruiyao Lu ,&nbsp;Jingyao Yan ,&nbsp;Shuai Jin ,&nbsp;Yanhu Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the thermal degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different molecular weights (S1, S2 and S3 are 40.58 × 10³, 49.06 × 10³ and 67.49 × 10³ g/mol, respectively), was systematically investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Through deconvolution of differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves using the Fraser-Suzuki function, two distinct degradation components were identified: Pseudo 1 (associated with ester exchange reactions) and Pseudo 2 (associated with free radical reactions). A comprehensive kinetic analysis was performed using four model-free methods to elucidate the thermal degradation mechanism. The results revealed a significant molecular weight dependence of activation energies (E_α). The E_α range had a decreasing trend with the increase of molecular weight, which were 152∼247, 144–232, and 111–197 kJ/mol for S1, S2 and S3, respectively. This inverse correlation between molecular weight and E_α indicates that lower molecular weight PLA exhibits slower thermal degradation kinetics and enhanced thermal stability. Complementary analysis of non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics using Liu-Mo and Kissinger methods demonstrated that decreasing molecular weight resulted in higher F(T) values. The calculated activation energies (ΔE) for cold crystallization were 66.17 kJ/mol, 70.92 kJ/mol, and 85.76 kJ/mol for S1, S2 and S3, respectively, which accelerated crystallization kinetics in lower molecular weight PLA. From a crystallization perspective, lower molecular weight PLA exhibited superior non-isothermal cold crystallization capability, forming more abundant lamellar crystals. This crystalline architecture preserves the integrity of long polymer chains during thermal degradation, thereby decelerating degradation rates and improving overall thermal stability. The study establishes a fundamental relationship between molecular weight, crystallization, and thermal degradation mechanisms in PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 128839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM WASTEWATER USING POLY(ACRYLAMIDE-CO-ITACONIC ACID-CO-STEARYL METHACRYLATE) HYDROGELS","authors":"Hidayet MAZI, Kevser ERBALCI","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128837","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, copolymer hydrogels of itaconic acid with acrylamide and stearyl methacrylate were synthesized. Ammonium persulfate (APS), tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TMEDA) and methylenebisacrylamide (mBAAm) were used as initiators, catalysts and crosslinkers, respectively in the synthesis carried out at 60°C. The effects of temperature and pH on swelling behavior were investigated. The synthesized hydrogels were used in the recovery of methylene blue (MB). Characterization of gels and MB adsorbed forms was done by SEM and FTIR techniques. The effects of temperature and pH of the solution on adsorption capacity were investigated. In adsorption processes carried out at different temperatures (between 25-70°C), it was observed that the adsorption capacity increased as the temperature increased, reaching the maximum value (1658 mg/g) at 55°C and starting to decrease after this temperature. Adsorption studies also revealed that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing solution pH. It was determined that the adsorption obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The reuse of the synthesized hydrogels in adsorption was also investigated. The results showed that there was a slight decrease in the adsorption capacity after 20 reuses and the desorption was around 91%. MB desorbed by solvent washing technique was recovered. The results revealed that MB could be easily and economically recovered using the synthesized hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on random and block fluorinated polyacrylates for fabrication of hydrophobic 2K polyurethane clearcoats","authors":"Zongzheng Zuo ,&nbsp;Shuxue Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate were used to synthesize three random fluorinated polyacrylates with various fluorine contents (<em>i.e.</em>, F1H1, F3H1, and F5H1) and one block fluorinated polyacrylate (<em>i.e.</em>, PFPHM) through traditional radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, respectively. These copolymers were further adopted as hydrophobic additives to incorporate into 2K polyurethane (PU) clearcoats. Effect of the type and dosage of the fluorinated polyacrylate on the haze, surface hydrophobicity, outdoor hydrophobicity durability and dirt pick-up resistance (DPUR) of modified coatings were investigated. Fluorinated polyacrylate additive with higher fluorine content is easier to cause haze of 2K PU clearcoats, nevertheless, hydrophobic surface could be acquired at lower dosage, alleviating its negative effect on transparency. PFPHM showed extremely higher hydrophobicity modification efficiency compared to the random polyacrylate additive, due to its easy enrichment at the superficial layer of 2K PU clearcoats. Moreover, PFPHM-modified 2K PU coatings presented the best hydrophobicity durability and dirt pick-up resistance in outdoor exposure test. The loss of hydrophobicity outdoors was mainly due to the aging of PU matrix, loss of fluoroalkyl chains, and partially to the dirt adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 128836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous organic polymers derived from norbornenes based on methyl-substituted anthracene","authors":"Maxim A. Zotkin, Dmitry A. Alentiev, Natalia N. Gavrilova, Maxim V. Bermeshev","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128829","url":null,"abstract":"A set of new metathesis and vinyl-addition polymers bearing different bulky framed 9,10-dihydroanthracene moieties in side chains has been prepared and studied as promising porous organic materials. The desired monomers have been readily synthesized in good yields via Diels-Alder reaction between 2,5-norbornadiene and methyl derivatives of anthracene. The ring-opening metathesis polymerization of these monomers in the presence of the 1^st generation Grubbs catalyst afforded soluble high-molecular-weight products (<em>M</em>_w &gt; 9 × 10⁵). Vinyl-addition polymerization over Pd-system led to saturated polymers with rigid backbones. As a result, five new polynorbornenes with regularly changed structure have been synthesized. The polymers are glassy, thermally stable, and amorphous. The investigation into their N₂, CH₄ and CO₂ sorption properties showed that the addition of methyl groups is an efficient approach to increase micro- and mesoporosity and CO₂ solubility coefficients of such polymers. The polymers with methylated 9,10-dihydroanthracene moieties exhibited large specific surface areas (up to 740 m²/g), volume of micropores up to 0.17 cm³/g and infinite dilution solubility coefficients up to 2.2 mmol g^–1 atm^–1.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}