Polymer最新文献

{"title":"A generalized approach for predicting macromolecular structure formation in linear and cross-linking step-growth (co)polymerizations","authors":"Robrecht Verhelle ,&nbsp;Jessica Mangialetto ,&nbsp;Joost Brancart ,&nbsp;Luk Van Lokeren ,&nbsp;Rene Klein ,&nbsp;Mark Brennan ,&nbsp;Guy Van Assche","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroscopic properties of polymers are significantly influenced by their macromolecular architecture. Linear polymers are characterized by their molar mass distribution, for branched polymers also the number, degree, and distribution of branching points is needed, while for network polymers a detailed insight into the molecular architecture of the polymer network is essential. Predicting the build-up of the macromolecular structure during polymerization is thus essential for predicting the final material properties, as well as their variation during polymerization or processing. Models currently available show limitations in terms of the computational cost and/or lack of generality of their approach. For this reason, the development of a generalization of the method originally developed by Macosko and Miller is presented. This algorithm can calculate the molar mass averages, including for example the z-average molar mass, gelation and the post-gel properties, such as the sol-, pending- and elastic effective mass fractions and crosslink density. Furthermore, the newly developed algorithm can cope with unequal reactivity of functional groups, substitution effects, competing parallel reactions involving the same or other functional groups, and with homo- and copolymerization alike. The algorithm is validated by comparing the results generated with literature for poly (urethane-isocyanurate) systems. The competing formation of urethane (carbamate) and isocyanurate groups is used to illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm, in view of the industrial relevance thereof.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polyacrylamide/gelatin hydrogel with superior durability and weather resistance for sustainable wearable electronics","authors":"Baochen Gu ,&nbsp;Shuxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Anqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiang Wu ,&nbsp;Qijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Bai Huang ,&nbsp;Baofeng Lin ,&nbsp;Chuanhui Xu ,&nbsp;Yen Wei ,&nbsp;Lihua Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conductive hydrogels have recently been developed as potential materials for smart wearable devices. However, the low stabilities of conventional hydrogels significantly limit their lifespans in smart wearable electronics. Herein, we report a novel ion-conducting hydrogel that maintains excellent mechanical, electrical, and adhesive properties even after exposure to 25 °C and 76% relative humidity for 90 days or approximately 20 000 loading–unloading cycles. The introduction of LiCl and glycerol imparts PGLAG hydrogel with outstanding weather resistance. Furthermore, we found that during continuous loading–unloading cycles, the interactions of gelatin with polyacrylamide (PAM), and of acrylic acid bentonite (AABT) with the polymer matrix are progressively enhanced, gradually forming a robust “skeletal muscle” structure. This structure enables PGLAG hydrogel to undergo continuous loading-unloading cycles, resulting in a material that is not only intact but also exhibits progressively enhanced tensile strength (increasing from 154 to 220.22 kPa) and electrical conductivity (increasing from 0.30 to 0.45 S/m). Benefiting from its excellent weather resistance and durability, PGLAG hydrogel, as multifunctional sensors, exhibit real-time, fast, and stable signal response in detection of human motion, facial expression recognition and handwriting. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of enduring ion-conducting hydrogels for diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the production and application of functional branched oligomers by PLA upcycling using a green solvent-based approach","authors":"Martina Cozzani ,&nbsp;Alessandro Fortunato ,&nbsp;Giacomo Damonte ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pellis ,&nbsp;Donatella Di Lisa ,&nbsp;Laura Pastorino ,&nbsp;Orietta Monticelli","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main goal of this work was to develop an environmentally friendly method for upcycling poly (lactic acid) (PLA) into functionalized oligomers, as well as to propose an innovative strategy enabling their direct use within the reaction environment. To this end, the investigated reaction—an alcoholysis based on the use of reagents derived from renewable sources—was carried out in the green solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene®, Cy). Indeed, upon the addition of virgin polymer, a PLA/oligomer mixture was obtained, providing a suitable system for the direct preparation of porous films. Specifically, the alcoholysis process, carried out using pentaerythritol (PE) as the polyalcohol and zinc stearate as the catalyst was optimized by monitoring the viscosity of the reaction mixture over time. ¹H NMR analysis of the resulting oligomers confirmed a decrease in molecular weight and the formation of a branched structure, attributed to the multifunctionality of the polyalcohol and dependent on the amount of PE added. These structural characteristics significantly affected the thermal behaviour of the oligomers, as demonstrated by DSC and TGA analyses.</div><div>Porous films, prepared via the Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) technique using the reaction mixture directly as the casting solution, exhibited a leaf-like structure that was unaffected by the presence of oligomers in the mixture, as observed by FE-SEM analysis.</div><div>The enzymatic hydrolysability and retention capacity were evaluated using <em>Humicola insolens</em> cutinase (HiC) as the enzyme and pararosaniline hydrochloride (PARA) as a cationic organic dye, selected to mimic the behavior of amino-terminated drugs. The results indicated that, compared to neat PLA films, those incorporating the developed oligomers exhibited enhanced dye retention capacity and faster degradation rate. These phenomena were attributed to the high functionality of the branched additives obtained through the alcoholysis process. Finally, a closed-loop process for Cy recovery through distillation was established, enabling its reuse and improving the overall sustainability of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical strengths and shape recovery of organic-inorganic hybrid polyurethanes with POSS in the main chains: Do R groups of POSS matter?","authors":"Huaming Wang ,&nbsp;Zixian Li ,&nbsp;Jianglu Teng,&nbsp;Yawei Zhang,&nbsp;Xibin Shen,&nbsp;Guohua Hang,&nbsp;Lei Li,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Sixun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this contribution, we revealed the impact of POSS R groups on the thermomechanical properties of the organic inorganic polyurethanes. Toward this end, two well-defined POSS diols were synthesized through a multi-step reaction approach. Starting from heptaisobutyl (<em>i</em>-Bu) and heptaphenyl (Ph) POSS trisilanols, a multi-step reaction strategy was adopted, allowing a precise control over the functionality of POSS macromers. Serving as the chain extenders, the POSS diols were exploited to gain the organic-inorganic polyurethanes (PUs), featuring the POSS cages in the main chains. For the organic-inorganic PUs, the self-assembled morphologies were displayed, relying on the types of POSS R groups. For PU-POSS(<em>i</em>-Bu)s, the spherical POSS microdomains were generated with the size of 30 ∼ 50 nm in diameter. In contrast, the much smaller POSS microdomains were formed in PU-POSS(Ph)s with the sizes of 10 ∼ 30 nm in diameter. In both of the cases, the POSS microdomains can behave as the additional physical crosslinking sites through the POSS-POSS interactions. Nonetheless, the different POSS R groups led to the different inter-chain interactions; the interactions in PU-POSS(Ph)s were much stronger than those in PU-POSS(<em>i</em>-Bu)s. Therefore, the organic-inorganic PUs displayed the different thermomechanical properties. In terms of Young's moduli and tensile strengths, it is judged that PU-POSS(Ph)s displayed the mechanical properties much stronger than PU-POSS(<em>i</em>-Bu)s. For the organic-inorganic PUs, the thermally-induced shape memory properties were likewise displayed as control PU. However, this behavior was quite dependent on the POSS R groups. Judged from the response rates, fixity and recovery of shapes, PU-POSS(Ph)s displayed the shape memory properties much stronger than PU-POSS(<em>i</em>-Bu)s. It is demonstrated that the difference in POSS R groups led to the difference in the morphologies and intermolecular interactions. As a result, the different thermomechanical and shape memory properties were displayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative mathematical modeling, experimental validation, and fitting analysis of bubble nucleation in polymer injection molding foaming","authors":"Xiangbu Zeng ,&nbsp;Tuanhui Jiang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Li ,&nbsp;Jinfu Xing ,&nbsp;Xiaodie Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun Zhang ,&nbsp;Li He ,&nbsp;Wei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of nucleation laws and mechanisms has long been a fundamental topic in both technological development and theoretical research on foamed polymers. Many existing models were established on the basis of classical thermodynamic nucleation theory (CNT) or through its various extensions and modifications. However, current nucleation theories generally describe subcritical bubble nuclei and the distribution of surrounding particles only through qualitative concepts of thermal fluctuations and lack quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution and clustering behavior of gas solutes in the polymer prior to nucleus formation. In the present study, based on the fundamental principles governing polymer injection molding foaming, high-speed in situ imaging at 2000 fps was employed to observe the formation of a large number of bubbles within an extremely short time interval. Three physical assumptions were proposed, from which a physically meaningful quantitative mathematical framework, the nucleation model (N-t model), was developed. The formation and growth of bubbles were governed by the continuous diffusion of gas molecules into the bubble nucleus; therefore, the local state of gas molecules surrounding the nucleus exerted a dominant influence on both nucleation and growth behavior. Based on the core physical assumption that fluctuation-induced aggregation of gas molecules followed a logistic function statistical law and the probability of a bubble nucleus overcoming the energy barrier follows the classical Boltzmann statistical law, the N-t model accurately described the evolution of bubble density with time during polymer injection molding, foaming, and quantitatively determined the corresponding nucleation rate. Unlike the steady-state nucleation rate predicted by CNT, the nucleation rate (exponential decay function) obtained here decreased progressively with time. The quantitative reliability of the proposed model was further confirmed for multiple polymer systems and under different processing conditions. The present work provided new insight into the physical essence of bubble nucleation and introduced an effective theoretical tool for quantitative analysis of nucleation behavior and process optimization in polymer foaming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of ion-selective membranes through surface modification with ferrocene-based acrylate copolymers with anti-biofouling and electrochemical redox properties","authors":"Dongseong Seo ,&nbsp;Jisu Kim ,&nbsp;Wonyong Seong ,&nbsp;MinHee Park ,&nbsp;Kangwon Lee ,&nbsp;Daekyung Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a surface modification strategy for ion-selective membranes (ISMs) using ferrocene-based acrylate copolymers to simultaneously enhance potential stability, signal reproducibility, and biofouling resistance. By incorporating redox-active ferrocene moieties, the modified membranes transformed into efficient electron-transfer interfaces. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the improved performance arises from a surface-controlled redox process (R² &gt; 0.99), ensuring high signal reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the integration of polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl chloride provided structural reinforcement and superior anti-biofouling properties. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the modified surface reduced bacterial adhesion by approximately 99% against both <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, preventing biofilm formation in biological environments. This work highlights the dual-functionality of the proposed coating—serving as both a redox mediator and an antifouling shield— offering a practical route to durable sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 129810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Branched polyethyleneimine-based fluid polymer gel with low-frequency damping performance","authors":"Xiang-Lan Cui,&nbsp;Yan-Jie Wang,&nbsp;Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bio-signal monitoring, the detection process is inevitably accompanied by dynamic noise, which introduces artifacts and other interference to the signals. Developing a gel with excellent mechanical properties, impact resistance, and low-frequency damping capability for daily use is of great significance, since these dynamic noises generally occur in the low-frequency range. In this study, we propose a branched fluid organic gel system based on a branched polymer containing a large number of amino and imine groups. The hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between branched polyethyleneimine and the polymer network endow the gel with remarkable toughness. Notably, due to the synergistic effect between hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in the gel system, the organic damping gel simultaneously exhibits excellent mechanical properties and outstanding low-frequency damping performance. The resulting gel exhibits excellent damping performance across a wide frequency range (tan <em>δ</em> &gt; 0.6), with an energy dissipation rate of approximately 90%, and a tearing energy reaching 13445.09 J/m², demonstrating outstanding crack-propagation resistance. The organic damping gel was prepared via photoinitiated polymerization, providing a simple and efficient fabrication approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 129729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of reactive force fields for the failure of hydrocarbon chains: Insights from molecular dynamics and density functional theory","authors":"Luca Liu ,&nbsp;Guido Raos","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanical behavior of polymer chains at the molecular level is essential for predicting also their bulk properties, including fracture. Here we investigate the tensile elasticity and failure of single polyethylene (PE) chains using both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Simulations were performed on a long PE chain (C₂₀₂H₄₀₆) to assess the differences between four reactive force fields (AIREBO, MEAM, ci-ReaxFF and ReaxFF), while a shorter chain (C₁₆H₃₄) was used for direct comparison of the force fields with density functional theory (DFT). Our results indicate that ReaxFF and ci-ReaxFF closely replicate the DFT predictions and approach the available experimental data for the work of fracture of long hydrocarbon chain. AIREBO consistently overestimates failure forces in both molecular dynamics and energy minimization, while the MEAM predictions depend on the computational method: it underestimates failure forces in molecular dynamics simulations but significantly overestimates them in minimization calculations. These findings suggest that ReaxFF and ci-ReaxFF are reliable choices for simulating the scission of polymer chains, and may be used as starting point for more extensive simulations of polymer mechanics and fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 129732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified polyoxomolybdate (Ⅵ) catalysts for high-performance ring-opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene","authors":"Xianfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Tao Tong ,&nbsp;Jiajie Ye ,&nbsp;Jianhui Wang ,&nbsp;Xinling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) is nowadays widely used as an eco-friendly material in vehicles, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery, which attracts growing attendance in the global market. Herein, we report the application of a kind of modified polyoxomolybdate catalysts in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) to manufacture PDCPD products. These modified molybdenum-based catalysts perform significantly higher catalytic activity than their unmodified counterparts. As a result, the PDCPD materials produced by using modified molybdenum-based catalysts exhibit better mechanical properties and higher <em>Tg</em> values than those prepared using traditional polyoxomolybdate catalysts. The industrial trial of the two-component DCPD resin system based on the modified hexamolybdate salt which we reported in this work has also been successfully carried out. The research results outlined in this paper have great potential for industrial applications in the manufacture of PDCPD parts using reaction injection molding (RIM) process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 129740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recyclable lignin-modified polylactic acid-polyurethane elastomer with high strength and UV resistance","authors":"Fang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Ye ,&nbsp;Wentao Gong ,&nbsp;Hongkun Zhu ,&nbsp;Chaoxia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing high-performance bio-based poly(lactic acid)-polyurethane (PLA-PU) elastomers is important for achieving carbon neutrality and a sustainable future. Conventional PLA-PU systems suffer from mechanical and functional limitations. Herein, we develop lignin-modified PLA-PU thermoplastic elastomer (LPT) films through a facile solution polymerization strategy in which the covalence of lignin in the PLA-PU networks simultaneously enhanced mechanical performance and provided multifunction. The mechanical toughness of the optimized LPT films reached 349.09 MJ/m³ with a tensile strength of 41.12 MPa and an elongation break of 1649.51%. Besides, the presence of chromophores and aromatic structures in the lignin endows the modified films with intrinsic brown color and remarkable UV resistance performance. The absorptions of UVB/UVC and UVA are higher than 99.51% and 88.14%, respectively. Notably, the LPT films maintain 71.57% tensile strength and 78.05% elongation after three recycling cycles via dissolution in DMF, while achieving complete degradation under mild alkaline conditions, demonstrating their sustainable feature. This work establishes a new pathway for developing sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based elastomers with combined mechanical robustness and multifunctions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 129677"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}