Balkanistic Forum最新文献

{"title":"Declaration on the Common Language (Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku, 2017): Anti-nationalist Provocation, or a Reflection of Objective Reality?","authors":"Pavel Krejčí","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The language policy of the states in which Serbo-Croatian was the official language at the time has not always been the same either in the historical plan or in the present. From the first half of the 19th century until the establishment of the Yugoslav state (1918), a part of the Serbian and Croatian elites was characterized by a search for ways to find a mutually acceptable standard for their common written language. This process then continued under changed political conditions after 1918, but without romantic notions, especially on the part of the Croatian political and professional community. The rejection of the sociolinguistic project of a common written language with the Serbs manifested itself first during the Second World War (1941–45), then in the period 1967–71, and finally in the new Croatian Constitution of 1990. Linguistic issues related to the specifics of the language of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina began to emerge in the late 1960s, but only came into full force after the break-up of the SFR Yugoslavia (1992). The four national communities using Serbo-Croatian (and then in a separate form Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin) during the Yugoslav era generated a total of seven declaratory texts with different scope, content, accents and conclusions between 1967 and 2007. All of them, however, were united by their linguistic nationalism – from moderate and rather defensive to radical and offensive. The eighth was the Declaration on a Common Language (2017), another decade later, the nature of which contradicts many of the postulates proclaimed in previous declaratory texts. This approach has been described by many critics as a marginal effort to return to Serbo-Croatian or even as a provocation that contradicts the relevant constitutional articles and that threatens national independence. The authors of the Declaration, however, point out that their declaration does not mandate anything, does not oblige anyone, does not discriminate against anyone, but tries to point out the obvious shortcomings of the existing language policy in the post-Serbo-Croatian space, which lead to linguistic segregation in schools and other unusual and even defective manifestations caused by the alleged otherness of the four written languages mentioned above. At the same time, they offer a relatively simple and appropriate model of how to understand and interpret the linguistic situation in the territory of the former Serbo-Croatian language, e.g. in the university teaching of Slavic studies.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Archives Speak for Themselves","authors":"N. Muratova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The first published text book on the history of the Bulgarian archives is presented. In the two volumes of the \"Archive of the Bulgarian Archives\" there are 523 authentic documentary evidence of the long way from the birth of archival thought and practice from the Middle Ages to the normative documents in the mid-50s of the 20th century that led to the establishment of the Bulgarian state archives.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Socialist Art – Teaching or Rewriting","authors":"Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the phenomenon of soc-art as part of the parodic reimagining of socialist realism literature. It examines its secondary reception as part of the nostalgia of the 70s-80s of the 20th century, which is a lack, a hiatus, a non-realization, but a part of the past of thousands of people. The phenomenon is placed against the back-ground of Bulgarian literature and the story \"The Anyuta Case\" by the writer Alek Popov is drawn for analysis. This story shows the way in which Bulgarian literature in the 90s of the 20th century ironically and without a lack of nostalgia interprets the time of socialist realism and its values. The aesthetics of socialist realism are turned upside down, and the writer demonstrates all the insanity and idiocy of the reality he was called to reflect. Unlike the late 20th century Russian soc-art, which is perceived more nostalgically than ironically, this work from the late 20th century unambiguous-ly reveals the scars of a time that, despite the usual nostalgia of the generation, could not sound nostalgic.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women owning Property in mid-19th Century Serbia","authors":"Siegfried Gruber, Daniel-Armin Đumić","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Serbian census of 1862/63 includes information about the property and income of the census population. Most property was owned by men, but a minority of women had some possession of their own. Most of them were either heirs of their husband or their father. This paper will take a closer look at these propertied women and the characteristics of them and their property.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provocations Against the Cultural Mission of Dr. Albert Long","authors":"Maria Pileva","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper, on one hand, outlines Dr. Long's contribution to Bulgarian culture – sup-port for the Сhurch issue, translation and editing of literature, including the Bible in the New Bulgarian language, support of Bulgarian students for their studies at Robert College, defense of the National cause after the suppression of the April Uprising. On the other hand, it pays special attention to the obstacles to his mission and the provo-cations by the Greek Patriarchate, the Russian Vice-Consulate, the Constantinople censorship and the later attempts to ignore what he achieved. Such actions distort the image of the American missionary's educational efforts, and the paper presents ar-chival materials and publications revealing the motivations and intentions behind them.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141406795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communist General Mircho Spasov and the Rise of Lawlessness. Psychoanalysis, Language and History","authors":"P. Vodenicharov","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Using the linguistic turn in psychoanalysis (J. Lakan, J. Kristeva), the author analyzed the unpublished autobiographical memories of State Security General Mircho Spasov, a mass murderer responsible for the eitsblishing of communist concentration camps. His memories are compared with his personnel file in the State Security. The lack of a father, the suicidal mother who abandoned him, the alienation from kinship, religious and institutional symbolic networks lead to a rethinking of the punishing in a rewarding social situation with the help of communist anti-language, conspiratorial publicity and the grandiose utopia for an all-powerful, self-sufficient, phallic \"Mother Communist Party\". Sado-masochic pre-Oedipal regression is associated with early narcissistic trauma and the problem of the Other – eroticizing the power over Others and the power of the Others. The analysis is supported by the similar biographical profiles of the Head of State Todor Zhivkov, a friend of Mircho Spasov, and his col-league from the State Security – the terrorist Mitka Grubcheva.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion and Marketing Practices of Local Heritage in the Global Warming Era. The Jiu Valley Example","authors":"Maria Mateoniu-Micu","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"This article refers to current local heritage promotion and marketing practices in the Jiu Valley (Romania), a region strongly influenced by the transition from coal-intensive industry to deindustrialization and decarbonisation. Containing four con-crete cases of heritage valorisation, the article captures how local history and tradi-tions are perceived as regional economic and cultural promotion sources, the rela-tionship of the actors involved with local authorities and communities, and also the process of including local heritage in sustainable development plans under the im-pulse of global and European policies to reduce pollution.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Image of the Patriot and the Enemy of the People in Selected Documents from the State Security Archive","authors":"Nadezhda Stalyanova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the linguistic devices and strategies used by State Security collab-orators to characterize the personalities and actions of targets of operational interest. On the one hand, the text examines documents from the State Security archives (re-cruitment offers and recruitment reports) that describe the ways in which new collabo-rators were recruited. On the other, the descriptions of the subjects of the reports in the reports are of interest. The research focuses on the communicative language pat-terns used and described in the relevant documents. As a source of excerpted material for scientific analysis, we used the book \"Pastors Agents of the State Security Service\" by Angel Pilev. Through an applied combination of research methods - lexical-semantic and discourse analysis, we search for lexical means with connotative load, as well as characterizing lexemes, building the opposite images - of the patriot informer and the enemy of the people reasons. By applying the close reading method, we aim at explicating the reader's point of view with minimal historical context. The linguistic material shows that the documents of the State Security build a very negative image of the enemy of the people. The strategy of the recruiters is also analyzed, emphasizing patriotic feelings, patriotic duty, expression of love for the motherland, and the noble deed to be done by the agents. The text emphasizes that it is to linguistics, along with other humanities that expectations are addressed for an objective, publicly accessible, and convincing interpretation of the era of socialism.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141403437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationalism - News or Heritage","authors":"Evgenia Ivanova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The text is based on several empirical studies dealing with the question – whether the current nationalism in Bulgaria (compared to other Balkan countries) is inherited from previous periods, i.e. – whether it is \"immanently inherent\" to the Bulgarian nation, or whether it is the result of specific conjunctures and is activated on specific occasions. The question is also examined – whether the motivation for nationalist mobilization is always due to \"innate\" or \"inherited\" nationalism, or whether it can be different – social, economic, political, seen as \"purely\" nationalist.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Totalitarianism was Reflected on the Life and Work of Women Writers","authors":"Tamila Davitadze, Nana Mazmishvili","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"How many people, when and why became victims of totalitarianism in Georgia instinctively has been exciting the citizens to this day, however, to our surprise, knowledge about the causes of this tragedy and the motivation of the people involved in it is not increasing - on the contrary, becomes more obscure and mythologized; due to the lack of information and stereotypes, the issue often turns into a tool of manipulation in the hands of interested parties. Today's unfavorable reality - when public interest is low and knowledge is saturated with stereotypes, the research of the Soviet past is very fragmented and small-scale. Free access to documents depicting mass repressions carried out by the Soviet totalitarian regime is not possible. In various ways, the National Archive offers the readers to familiarize themselves with the records of the archival funds of law enforcement agencies and courts from 1930 to the present day - where the names and surnames of the victims of the Soviet terror are barcoded and which we would like to share in the present research. The main subject of our research is how totalitarianism affected the life and creativity of Georgian women writers; the object of the research is Marika Mikeladze (1933-2015), a translator and writer and Zaira Arsenishvili’s, a write and screenwriter, work and life full of difficulties in the conditions of repressions and totalitarian regime.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}