American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Relationship Between Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Disorder and Malignant Tumor Type","authors":"Siwen Wei, Zhiheng Dong, R. Ma, Sha Li, Rui Cheng","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180604.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study whether cerebral glucose metabolic disorder in malignant tumor patients without cerebral diseases is related to the site of tumor by using the 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT brain imaging technology. Methods: 22 patients with primary liver cancer and 20 patients with pancreatic cancer were subjected to general physical examinations by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET). A statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software was adopted to analyze the information about cerebral resting glucose metabolism retrospectively, and to compare with the 22 healthy subjects with matched ages and genders. Results: Both the primary liver cancer and pancreatic cancer patients underwent metabolic reduction in both sides of the frontal and temporal areas, but the range and voxel involved in the latter were more extensive than those in the former, especially in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated metabolic areas in pancreatic cancer, which were much wider than those in liver cancer, were mainly located on both sides of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, and extensively increased glucose metabolism was discerned in cerebellum. The areas of the latter were mainly distributed in the posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion: Wide areas of glucose metabolic disorder existed in the patients with malignant tumors without cerebral metastasis, the distribution of which is related to the tumor type.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133714459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review and Prospect of the Preventive Effect of “Supplementing Qi and Nourishing Yin, Activating Blood Circulation and Detoxifying” on Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":"Fu Xianzhao, Hu Zhenfeng, Huang Wenhua, Tan Wanli, L. Chunyan, Pan Xing-shou, Huang Qingli, Ban Fudu","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180604.11","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, while the cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a severe form of coronary heart disease. Compared with nondiabetic patients, there are more difficulties and troubles in deal with diabetic ACS patients with more serious condition. Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) played a certain role on recanalization for coronary artery, the problems facing PCI are still serious for the diabetic ACS patients after the operation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) confirms that the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic ACS are deficiency in Qi and yin, and accumulation in stasis and toxin. Through clinical observation and retrospective analysis, We found that the “Supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, activating blood circulation and detoxifying”, which simplified the treatment prescription, are integrated treatment of multiple links, multiple path ways, and multiple targets for the diabetic ACS, and are the unique advantages of the holistic concept, syndrome differentiation for treating and multi-levels intervention of TCM full practice in the comprehensive prevention and treatment for diabetic ACS.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114208569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Lung Destruction Presenting with Massive Hemoptysis and Asphyxia","authors":"Xiaowen He, Guoxing Chen, Xueming He, Zhongliang He","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.13","url":null,"abstract":"Lung destruction with massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition associated with a poor prognosis in the absence of prompt management. Asphyxia due to the flooding of the airways rather than exsanguination is usually the cause of death, so the initial treatment is resuscitation and protecting the airway. Prompt identification of its causes and location is mandatory to do an adequate treatment and to avoid fatal complications. We describe the case of a patient who was an emergency admission with large volume hemoptysis and asphyxia. After lung destruction was confirmed the cause of massive hemoptysis by a chest computed tomography (CT)，She underwent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) and controlled the bleeding. But due to recurrent bleeding two days later, she performed pneumonectomy and achieved hemostasis. BAE is now considered as first-line therapy or may be used as a tool to stabilize the patient before surgery. Emergency pneumonectomy is indicated for lung destruction with recurrent hemoptysis not controlled by embolization and is generally considered a last resort.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117210309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Iraq, an Endeavourforan Unraveling Database","authors":"H. Mohammed, M. Kamil, H. Aboud, B. Hassan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.12","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic condition of young adults after trauma. The establishing of an unraveling database carries a potentially important role in clarifying the nature of the disease in Iraq. This study had been designed to find the frequency distribution of MS patients according to different demographic variables like the age at onset, age at diagnosis, gender and place of birth and residence, etc, to estimate the frequency of different neurological symptoms and signs in patients with MS, to estimate the frequency of different clinical types of MS in Iraqi patients and assessing the differences between different clinical types of MS in regard to gender, age at onset, age at diagnosis, the diagnostic delay, disease duration and the EDSS, accordingly. This retrospective study was carried out at the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Medical City in Baghdad/lraq. The medical files of 900 MS patients were thoroughly revised; they included all patients who had attended the MS Clinic from the day of establishment of the clinic at 2001 to the end of February 2006. Six hundreds seventy six (676) patients were considered as MS patients fulfilling the Poser's criteria and continued visiting the clinic for follow up and treatment. Patient's distribution according to the clinical type of their MS was RRMS= 67.3%, PPMS= 19.1%, SPMS= 13.6% , main age distribution of this sample was between 30-39 years (39.3%).,Females were 64.9%, males were 35.1%.,Age of onset was mainly between 20-29 years of age regardless of the gender or type of MS, Diagnostic delay was mainly between 1-3 years, Distribution according to place of birth was seen mainly in 3 geographical clusters in Iraq, Motor symptoms were the commonest experienced by the patients (95.7%). This study had shown that during the last 2 decades, MS was increasingly encountered in Iraq, particularly during the last 5 years after the establishment of MS clinic in Baghdad, MS cases in Iraq distributed in a three-main-clusters pattern rather than North-South gradient, primary progressive MS showed a more even gender distribution and older age at onset with the shortest diagnostic delay.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133134902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of KTMon Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Symptoms and Their Potential Mechanisms in Rats","authors":"Bao-zhong Diao, Wei-rong Jin, Feng-e Zhang, Wen-Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180603.11","url":null,"abstract":"objective : The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ketangmin (KTM) on streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic symptoms and their potential mechanisms. Methods : The effect of KTM on body weight, blood glucose, damaged pancreafic β-cells, oxidative stresses, proinflammatory cytokines, and glucose metabolizing enzymes in liver was studied. Results : The results show that administration of KTM can restore abnormal oxidative indices near normal levels. The STZ-damaged pancreatic β-cells of the rats were partly recovered gradually after the mice were administered with KTM 6 weeks later. Therefore, we may assume that KTM is effective in the protection of STZ-induced diabetic rats and KTM may be of use as antihyperglycemic agent.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116818345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Rabies Outbreaks, Vaccination Coverage, and Transmission in Humans: Greater Accra Region, Ghana- A Retrospective Study-2006-2011","authors":"Perdita Hilary Lopes, P. Akweongo, F. Wurapa, E. Afari, S. Sackey, Edward Mark Hansen, K. Nyarko","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180602.14","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a highly fatal, viral, zoonotic disease caused by a Lyssa virus. It is acquired through the bite of an infected animal, mostly dogs. Estimated annual global human mortalities from rabies is 61,000, over 99% of which are from developing countries where about US$583.5 million is spent on its control. Rabies is enzootic in Ghana. Vaccinating about 70% of the dog population leads to a reduction in rabies transmission to humans; however, percentage dog anti-rabies vaccination coverage in Ghana is unknown. This study therefore investigated the magnitude of rabies in dogs and humans in the Greater-Accra region, and assessed annual percentage dog anti-rabies vaccination coverage from 2007-2011. Secondary data on rabies vaccination, post mortem and dog quarantine records for all ten districts in the region, and human rabies records were analysed. Means and percentages were calculated, graphs drawn and trends analysed. The number of animal samples which tested positive out of 309, was 283. Predictive value positive was 91.6%. Of the positive cases, 97.5% (276/283) had no previous vaccination history, and 96.1% (272/283) were from dogs. Fifty-five out of 174 (31.6%) samples were from dogs which bit more than one person. Human exposures to dog and other animal bites are not differentiated. Average annual number of outbreaks was 31, whereas percentage dog vaccination ranged from 10.26-17.56. Current annual percentage dog anti-rabies vaccination coverage is very low, whereas the incidence of dog rabies in the region is high. The number of humans affected may be underestimated. Government should immediately facilitate annual mass vaccination of pets.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Pathways of Lobelia chinensis in Inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes","authors":"Xiaoying Lin, Xiangyu Kong, Chengping Wen, Zhixing He","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcem.20180602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180602.13","url":null,"abstract":"Clinically, Lobelia chinensis has the potential to treat Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) infections. This study demonstrated that Lobelia chinensis and penicillin have comparative inhibitory effects when their concentration was 12 mg/mL. To uncover the possible pathways of inhibition of GAS by Lobelia chinensis , transcriptome analysis was used to explore significantly changed genes when GAS was cultured under Lobelia chinensi. Lobelia chinensis could induce alterations of 366 genes in expression level, mainly involving biosynthesis process, translation, cytoplasm, and lipid, carbohydrate metabolic process. In addition, penicillin only induced 17 genes alteration and no GO/KEGG pathway enrichment. Therefore, Lobelia chinensis showed more modes of regulating GAS than penicillin. The regulatory modes of Lobelia chinensis may be the inhibition of cell replication and growth of GAS. This study indicated that Lobelia chinens is a potential drug for the treatment of GAS infection due to its considerable inhibition effects and multiple inhibition modes.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130144833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalization Teeth: A Prospective Case Series","authors":"C. Holscher, K. Galler","doi":"10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJCEM.20180602.12","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to caries, dental trauma is one of the most common causes of damage to permanent teeth and pulp. Pulp necrosis or damage to Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) leads to arrested tooth root development in immature teeth. Pulp necrosis can be treated by revitalization, a biology-based treatment alternative to apexification. Induction of a blood clot inside the root canal can lead to healing of periapical lesions and increased root length and thickness. Traumatic impact as the cause of pulp necrosis may affect the treatment outcome negatively, depending on the severity of damage to HERS. Revitalization procedures in four teeth with pulp necrosis following dental trauma were performed using a standardized treatment protocol. Three teeth were dislocated, the fourth tooth was avulsed. Each patient exhibited at least two clinical signs of pulp necrosis as well as radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis. X-rays were taken using individualized film holders (IFH) to reliably assess the treatment outcome. Revitalization treatment was performed without instrumentation of the canal walls, but disinfection with sodium hypochlorite and intracanal dressing with triple antibiotic paste (TAP) for three weeks. Provocation of bleeding was induced in a second visit, the blood clot was covered with collagen followed by calcium silicate cement, and teeth were sealed with resin composite. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. An increase of root length and thickness was evident in the three teeth with dislocation injuries. In one case, formation of mineralized tissue below the calcium silicate cement was observed. The tooth which had been avulsed and replanted showed resorption of the apical root area. The observations made in this study support the assumption that a separation of HERS and the cells that form pulp and dentin during tooth root development may negatively affect the outcome after a standardized revitalization procedure. The consistent implementation of standardized treatment protocols and the use of IFH are helpful receiving a reliable treatment outcome.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116608672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Stress from Colonoscopy and Polypectomy in Elderly Individuals: Evaluation Using Damage Biomarkers in Blood","authors":"H. Igarashi, H. Yamashita, K. Tsuchiya, Yuki Hanaoka, D. Sugimoto, Itsuro Ogata","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcem.20180602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180602.11","url":null,"abstract":"Colonoscopy is routinely performed worldwide, but it is still a physically stressful screening method for colorectal cancer, particularly in elderly individuals. No previous study has evaluated physical stress from colonoscopy itself and polypectomy using blood-derived biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate physical stress from colonoscopy and polypectomy in elderly individuals using white blood cell counts (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which are widely used blood-based biomarkers that respond quickly to tissue damage. In this single-center, retrospective observational study, 109 consecutive patients, aged ≥ 80 years, were enrolled. In all patients, WBCs and CRP levels were measured before and half-a-day after colonoscopy. The changes were subsequently compared. Patients were divided into two groups: those with polypectomy (P+) and those without polypectomy (P-). The changes in WBCs and CRP levels were determined and compared between the two groups. In the P + group, correlations between the number of resected polyps and changes in WBCs and CRP levels were also evaluated. Of the 109 patients, there were 48 men and 61 women with a mean age of 83.9 ± 3.1 years (range, 80-91 years); 58 patients received polypectomy. In all patients, the mean WBC after colonoscopy showed no significant change from that before colonoscopy (before: 5400/μL, after: 5200/μL, P = 0.092), and the mean CRP level showed a slight elevation after colonoscopy (before: 0.05 mg/dL, after: 0.08 mg/dL, P P = 0.002), but showed no significant difference in the P+ group (5400/μL, 5400/μL, P = 0.48). Conversely, the mean CRP level increased very slightly in both the P- and P+ groups (from 0.06 mg/dL to 0.07 mg/dL, P = 0.003; from 0.04 mg/dL to 0.08 mg/dL, P < 0.001, respectively), but it was not significantly different between the groups. The elevation of both WBCs and CRP levels showed only minor correlations with the number of resected polyps. In conclusion, colonoscopy can be well tolerated even by elderly individuals because physical stress from colonoscopy, with respect to WBCs and CRP levels, was minimal even if polypectomy was performed.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131573299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of Eculizumab, a C5 Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection: A Case Report","authors":"Takahiro Yukawa, Takuto Ishida, Toshinobu Yamagishi, K. Sugiyama, Y. Hamabe","doi":"10.11648/j.ajcem.20180601.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20180601.15","url":null,"abstract":"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is characterized by microvascular hemolytic anemia, consumption thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure, is a complication of the Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection. We describe the case of a patient who, despite undergoing plasma exchange and renal replacement therapy for STEC-induced HUS, experienced poor improvement in platelet count, serum creatinine level, and serum lactate dehydrogenase level. The patient developed acute encephalopathy but recovered without permanent organ damage after eculizumab therapy. For severe HUS cases involving the central nervous system, early administration of eculizumab, which inhibits the abnormal activation of the complement activation pathway, may be effective.","PeriodicalId":404444,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}