Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Intron 17 and Exon 18 of Leptin Receptor Gene in Nigerian Locally Adapted and Exotic Turkeys","authors":"Oguntade Do","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000113","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin Receptor gene (LEPR) gene has been implicated as the activator of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and plays an important role in regulating body energy storage and metabolism. Identification of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were carried out in intron 17 and exon 18 of LEPR gene in 200 turkeys comprising 100 each of Nigerian locally adapted and exotic (Nicholas White) turkeys. Blood samples for DNA extraction were collected at 20 weeks. DNA extraction was carried out using whole blood collected with Quick- DNA Miniprep Plus extraction kits by strictly followed the manufacturer’s protocol. The sequence data obtained were analyzed using GeneScan and Sequencing software (Applied Biosystems). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in LEPR gene of the two turkey genotypes were identified using DnaSP 6 software. The allele frequency of each SNP, Heterozygosity (He) and Polymorphic information content (PIC) of the SNPs were calculated. Out of six SNPs identified in intron 17 of the turkey LEPR gene, four were found in local turkeys while all the six were found in exotic turkey. The major allele frequency of the SNPs ranged from 0.86 to 0.96. The SNP 28C>G in exotic turkey had the highest HE while SNPs 7T>G, 67A>T and 85G>C in local turkey had the least. The PIC ranged from 0.077 in local turkey to 0.211 in exotic turkey. In addition, ten SNPs were identified in exon 18 of the turkey LEPR gene, out of which eight were detected in local turkeys while seven were detected in exotic turkeys. The major allele frequency of the SNPs identified in exon 18 ranged from 0.54 in 602A>C in local turkey to 1.00 in 60T>G, 267A>G, 274A>G alleles that are fixed in both local and exotic turkeys. Also, SNP 602A>C in local turkey had the highest HE while incidentally SNPs 130G>C, 166G>A and 789G>A also in local turkey had the least heterozygosity. PIC discovered in exon 18 of LEPR gene ranged from 0.077 to 0.377 in local turkey. Intron 17 and exon 18 of LEPR gene is polymorphic in both Nigerian locally adapted and exotic turkeys and therefore could be used for further analysis to form a basis for genetic variation in growth in the two genotypes","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical Samples and their Susceptibility to Conventional Antibiotics and Medicinal Plant Extracts","authors":"R. Ismail","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000115","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenamases are enzymes that renders inactive, the carbapenems antibiotics which are often considered as the last treatment option for all serious infections. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has already been identified all over the world. In Kano and other part of Northern Nigeria, there are several reports that CPE is in circulation at a rate researchers have never imagined and is rapidly spreading to far rural communities. This study aims to detect Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical sample and determine their susceptibility to conventional antibiotics and Ficus ovata and Guiera senegalensis plant extracts. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, reconfirmed and screened for Carbapenemase production using the Modified Hodges Test. The highest occurrence of carbapenemase was observed in E. coli (14.3%), while the least was observed in K. pneumoniae 3(12%) and P. aeruginosa 2(6.7%). Ficus ovata and Guiera senegalensis Plants were extracted using ethanol, N-butanol and N-hexane as separate solvents. Of all the three plants extracts, highest yield was observed in N-Butanol extracts having 32.7% in Ficus ovata. Susceptibility test using antibiotics revealed a decreased sensitivity of the test isolates to some commonly used antibiotics; Cefotaxime (25μg), Cefixime (5μg), Levofloxacin (5μg), Amoxicillin (30μg) and Cefuroxime (30μg). Agar well diffusion test was employed at a concentration of 20, 10 and 5mg/ml. All the six extracts were observed to have the highest activity against P. aeruginosa with Guiera senegalensis having more inhibitory activity. This demonstrates the extracts potentials for extraction of chemotherapeutic agents","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122108625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Culturing and PCR Optimization","authors":"Muhammad Waqar Mazhar","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000108","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Acinetobacter baumannii has undergone substantial taxonomic modifications over the last 30 years. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important representatives of the genus and pathogen for healthcare facilities globally. Over the last 15 years, its clinical significance shows that it has the ability to acquire resistance against antibiotics in this threatening antibiotic era. Naturally A.baumannii can easily be isolated from different sources throughout whole world, found mostly in water, soil, sputum and many healthcare environments, is a non-fermenting, non-spore forming and gram negative coccobacilli. Pneumonia caused by MDR strains of Acinetobacter baumannii creating serious issues for Physicians to treat it properly. Risk factor for two types of patients recognized to pneumonia infection Acinetobacter baumannii hospital associated pneumonia (AHAP) and Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator associated pneumonia (AVAP), by univariate analysis prior to ceftazidime treatment. It is to be reported that potential risk factors for AVAP includes, imipenem resistance, long duration of hospital stay and fluoroquinolones exposure.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125712727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Drugs - The Future of Cancer Therapy","authors":"Deepanwita Sengupta","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000106","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetics refers to any alteration in gene expression that occurs without affecting the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors by promoting nucleosomal rearrangement via the addition or removal of acetyl or/and methyl groups to histones. Nucleosomes are basic units of chromosomes comprising of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131228043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Signaling Modes of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7 nAChRs)","authors":"Jayharsh L. Panchal","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000102","url":null,"abstract":"This themed section of the Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology is the product of an article that is focusing on metabotropic signaling of an ionotropic channel alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptors (α7 nAChRs). The article talks about how α7 nAChR, being an ion channel, can function in a metabotropic-signaling mode via Gprotein coupling followed by Gαq-PLC-IP3-Ca2+ release","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121738194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Outbreaks of the Migratory Locust (Locusta Migratoria L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) With Their Management Strategies","authors":"K. Rasib","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000112","url":null,"abstract":"The economic importance of locusts is well recognized throughout the world owing to their swarming behavior. The damage caused by hoppers on a small scale is mostly limited to local vegetation, primarily crops. Crop damage is overlooked, but it is tenacious in nature, and the effects they leave on planned systems, such as crop fields, are much more serious. Therefore, many taxa (genera or species) of the family Acrididae are considered as potential pests of farms, forests and even pastures. In general, the distribution of locusts decreases with increasing latitudes, i.e., Their occurrence increases towards the equator. When ecological conditions favour more plant growth and trigger more breeding, locusts can manage to aggregate in a huge voracious swarm and inflict damage to crops. When outbreaks of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. arose in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sind, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Minchinabad and Chistian adjoining districts bordering the eastern sides of India. As a result, further damage to crops and migration to other areas were prevented. Morphometric measurements indicated that the migrants had reached the body dimensions typical for gregarious forms. Drum and empty tin beating and pesticide application are both effective in managing locusts under field conditions. Swarms of adults landed on the grazing and farming lands of the country, specifically from Sind (Thar) to Chistian, Bahawalpur, Rahim yar khan, Minchinabad, Lodhran and adjacent districts in the region in November 2019, and caused substantial damage to agricultural crops and pastures. In the fall of 2019, numerous locusts suddenly swarmed in the affected areas, and thus, control was essential. The organochlorines are highly persistent and include dieldrin and HCH. These insecticides were the most favoured for locust control because of their efficacy, cost and persistence. Sprayed from land or aerial vehicles, whole swarms can be targeted in relatively short periods of time. Traditionally, the use of empty tin/drum was beaten to produce a loud sound that drove the locust away. The practices are cost effective and environmentally friendly.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132765369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Salinity Stress on Osmoprotectant (Glycine Betaine and Prline) of Two Maize (Zea mays L.). Varieties Cultivated in Sokoto Metropholis","authors":"Z. Shehu","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000116","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that affect plant productivity by inducing osmotic stress. Maize is an economically important cereal crop affected by high salinity. In this study two varieties of maize seedlings (Oba super 2 16-11-kd-155- 159 and Sammaz 37) were subjected to 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl concentrations. The Root, young and mature leaves were harvested after 21 days of sowing. A significant (P<0.05) increased in MDA and H2O2 concentration was observed in the NaCl treated samples (root and matured leaves) compared to control. Level of glycine betaine increases significantly (P<0.05) in all organs (root and mature leaves) of salt treated maize seedling, while level of proline slightly decreased specifically in the matured leave. This indicates a possible role of ROS in the systemic signalling from roots to leaves, allowing leaves to activate their defence mechanism for better protection against salt stress. These studies suggest that both the two varieties accumulated more osmolytes.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129248727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect on MAPK Signal Path of Lead, Nickel, Mercury, Cadmium and Chromium in Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"S. Yalçın","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000117","url":null,"abstract":"The harms of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead on human health have been identified in the literature. However, genetic mechanisms that show the relationship between heavy metals and cancer have not been identified up to now. In the proposed project, the effects of lead, nickel, mercury, cadmium, and chrome on the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways in breast cancer cell lines will be quantified by the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction method, comparatively. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, found in eukaryotic organisms, plays a significant role in information transfer from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Genes in this signal transfer regulate embryogenesis, reproduction, diversification, survival, and apoptosis functions. Most of these genes are well-known oncogenes and each of these is an important subject in cancer treatment. The changes of gene expression levels in this transduction pathway can be the reason of breast and some other cancer types. According to the findings, when the heavy metal-treated cells were compared with the heavy metal-untreated cells, significant changes were observed in the level of expression of 47 genes in the signal pathway. It has been determined that heavy metals cause changes in the expression level of genes in the signaling pathway according to the obtained data.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124033377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corelation of HIV with Prostitution in Punjab","authors":"Muhammad Waqar Mazhar","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000109","url":null,"abstract":"HIV belongs to the genus lentivirus within the family of retroviridae and subfamily orthoretrovirinae. In 2017, 1.8 million People were infected with AIDS, and 940,000 died due to this serious disease. HIV found in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, breast milk. it is mainly passes on through unprotected sex, sharing needles or syringes and pregnancy during birth and also passed from one person to other person through this route. The HIV patient’s blood sample collected in vial, serological test and HIV Elisa test performed on Elisa plate Reader. The results shows that 35 (70.00%) out of 50 patients were HIV Elisa positive while 15 individuals were HIV Elisa negative. The maximum no of patients were observed in age 45 and 55, minimum no. of patients were found in both age 63 and 25. These positive tests suggests that the spread of the HIV is due to the unsafe sex or oral sex. Sex may be randomly with HIV affected patients or they do sex without the use of condom. Other main reasons that is responsible for the transmission of HIV includes common use of syringes either by the doctors or by the drug addicted patients that usually share common syringes.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134282594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 12 Autosomal STR Markers Allowing Cimicidae Identification","authors":"Uribe Agate","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000114","url":null,"abstract":"Bedbugs are a very recurrent pest all over the world which is often difficult to eradicate. This is the case for Cimex lectularius, a species whose bites can be manifested in a wide variety of ways. Thus, it seems necessary to develop a mechanism that confirms the presence of this insect in order to eliminate the pest as soon as possible. For this reason, the Basque Institute of Forensic Sciences in Sanfran (BIFSS) has been working on this research field and has developed 12 new autosomal STR markers that allow the identification of the Cimicidae family of insects","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122258686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}