Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Innovations in Molecular Biology-Cutting-Edge Breakthroughs in Molecular Genetics","authors":"Bhuvana D","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000121","url":null,"abstract":"The field of molecular biology has experienced significant breakthroughs in recent years, driven by cutting-edge technologies and innovative research strategies. This abstract provides a concise overview of some key advancement that has shaped the landscape of molecular biology. One prominent area of progress involves the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, which has revolutionized genetic manipulation. Researchers have refined and expanded its applications, enabling precise modifications to the genome for therapeutic purposes, functional genomics, and the development of genetically modified organisms. In the realm of nucleic acid sequencing, the advent of third-generation sequencing technologies has enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of deciphering complex genomes. Single-cell sequencing techniques have provided unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity, unraveling diverse cell populations within tissues and shedding light on the intricacies of developmental processes and disease progression. The integration of omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has propelled systems biology to new heights. This holistic approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of biological systems, unveiling intricate molecular networks and signaling pathways. Advanced computational methods and artificial intelligence applications have played a pivotal role in processing and interpreting the vast amounts of data generated by these high-throughput techniques. Furthermore, the exploration of the microbiome's role in health and disease has gained momentum. Advances in metagenomics have enabled a deeper understanding of microbial communities, their interactions, and their impact on host physiology. The identification of specific microbial signatures associated with various diseases has opened avenues for novel therapeutic interventions and personalized medicine. Conclusion: Recent advances in molecular biology have transformed the field, offering unprecedented opportunities for scientific discovery and medical applications. The integration of cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary approaches continues to propel molecular biology forward, paving the way for new insights into the complexities of life at the molecular level","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Individuals Exhibiting Oral Cavity Disorders versus those in a State of Oral Health","authors":"Hashir Khan","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000122","url":null,"abstract":"Oral cavity is considered as main entrance of the body and our mouth encounters a large number of microorganisms from the outer environment, some of which have the potential to cause serious illnesses. Current study was designed to evaluate different ecological and behavioral factors which can positively or negatively affect normal flora of oral cavity. Behavioral information was gathered through personal interviews from 90 study subjects, out of which 45 were included in control group without any current oral disorders and other 45 were included in experimental group with current oral diseases. High rate of sugar consumption, low brushing frequency, over-use of medications, acidic food consumption, high rate of smoking, aggressive mode of brushing and lack of awareness about dental health were some of the factors observed in a higher ratio in experimental group. These behaviours can aggravate oral problems causing imbalances in normal flora of oral cavity. It was also noted that frequency of systemic diseases was higher in experimental group, and it was due to the fact that unbalanced bacterial oral flora can gain entry into blood through bacteraemia and travel to different organs, thus, intensifying systemic issues. A comparative analysis was also made between bacterial flora of healthy controls and oral patients. A total of 34 oral samples, 17 from control group and 17 from experimental group, were collected and analyzed morphologically and biochemically. A total of 12 distinct bacterial species were isolated from these collected samples. Some of the species were conserved in both groups but were present in varying proportions. But Neisseria spp. was isolated only from healthy controls while Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium and Actinobacteria were isolated from samples oral patients. The most abundant species in healthy controls were Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus epidermidis while in oral patients were Lactococci, Actinobacteria, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus viridans group. The involvement of oral bacterial flora in systemic diseases and role of behavioral elements in aggravating oral diseases was also responsible for oral cavity disorders. Different pathogenic bacteria can alter the natural bacterial ecology of oral cavity, aggravating oral diseases. This study may provide a baseline data to develop different strategies to control pathogenic oral flora","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cytological and Morphological Characteristics of S. aethiopicum Var “Anara Adazi” Found in Anambra State","authors":"Ilodibia Cv","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000119","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum aethiopicum L. var “anara Adazi” is a yearly shrub in the family Solanaceae. It is produced for its edible fruits which are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. In our locality, S. aethiopicum var “anara Adazi” is both nutritionally and medicinally important. But its morphological and basic mitotic and meiotic chromosomal counts are yet to be evaluated. This study was carried out to investigate the mitotic and meiotic chromosome counts and the external features of S. aethiopicum with regards to cytological and morphological characteristics. Mitotic and meiotic cytological study was done using the root tip and flower buds squash techniques, respectively. Morphological study was done by optical observations and use of hand lens to magnify those parts which are quite tiny. The Cytological result revealed the plant to be diploid with mitotic counts of 2n=2x=24 and meiotic chromosome number as n=12. The morphological result revealed among others the habit of the plant to be a fairly woody annual in the temperate or perennial shrub in other regions, leaves are alternately arranged, pinnately veined, and a racemose flower. Cytological studies indicated that the plant’s degree of fertility and viability is high and could be employed in hybridization programme. The overall data are valuable for taxonomic characterization and identification of the plant species in the genus.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intra Row Spacing on Growth, Yield Components and Yield of Garlic (Allium Sativum L) at Fitch, North Showa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Endalkachew B","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000123","url":null,"abstract":"Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a monocotyledonous aromatic plant belonging to the Alliaceae family and genus Allium. It is used as a spice and medicinal plant. The production of garlic in Ethiopia is low as compared to other growing countries. This is due to different factors like the unavailability of appropriate disease-free seeds (Cloves), inappropriate agronomic practices, i.e., sowing time, seed rate, and both intra- and inter-row spacing. That is the reason why the research report was studied. A field experiment was conducted at the Fiche, Salale University, General Tadesse Biru campus demonstration site during the 2020 cropping season. The objective of the study was to identify the effect of intra-row spacing on the growth, yield, and yield components of garlic. One local variety of garlic, which was bought from Fiche Market, was used for the field experiment. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments/intrarow spacing, i.e., 8cm, 10cm, 12 cm, and 14cm between plants. Growth, yield, and yield components data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.3, and least significant difference (LSD) at p<0.05 probability was used to separate means. The ANOVA showed significant variation among all collected parameters. The wider the plant spaced, the better the growth performance of the garlic plant. However, the yield-related parameters are good indicators of yield. Thus, treatments, which are bulb weight and number of cloves per bulb, showed better performance of morphological parameters and also suggest a positive relationship with increasing plant spacing statistically. According to those ANOVA results, farmers or growers may produce more yield with a plant spacing of 14*25 because all parameters are significant as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Effort for Producing Disease Free High Yielding F2 Grains from F1 Seeds Evolved through CMS Breeding Technology","authors":"J. Tah","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000105","url":null,"abstract":"CMS A-lines (IR 58025 A) and KMR-3 as R- line were procured from the State Rice Research Station, Chin surah, Hooghly during December 2011. The seeds of A-line and R-line were sown in the seed bed at the research field of the Crop Research Farm (CRF) under The Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan on 18/12/2011 following anorms of CMS breeding technology. These seedlings were transplanted accordingly for raising F2 plant population. These F1 seeds were undertaken for F2 population which was observed critically during its growth and developmental phase till harvesting. These F1 seeds were sown in the seed bed maintaining three types of spacing. Five organic manure treatments viz. T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 were applied in the soil of each variety and spacing sub plot i.e total 30 sub plots were maintained following Randomized Block Design (RBD) in four replications. various metrical characters viz. No. of tillers, No. of total leaves, plant height, No. of tillers bearing inflorescence, total yield per bight were studied critically and recorded all the data carefully for further calculations, no disease occurrence was found in the field of F2 generations. The main aims and objectives of this experimentation were to study the yield attributes and disease free F2 seed from the hybrid F1 rice population evolved through CMS breeding technology.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126056103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HSP70, HSP90A, and HSP90B are Differentially Regulated in Response to Thermal, Osmotic and Hypoxic Stressors","authors":"Emmitt R. Jolly","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000101","url":null,"abstract":"The Heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90 are highly conserved and play a significant role in cellular response to a variety of stressors. In response to stressors, cellular expression levels of these heat shock proteins are increased to stabilize degrading proteins and to initiate thermotolerance among other complex functions. Maintenance of physiological temperature in all organisms is imperative to ensure that biological systems function normally. This is especially critical for cold-blooded organisms whose internal temperature is subject to their environmental conditions. High temperatures and other stressors can deleteriously affect animal motility, its ability to avoid predators, neuronal activity and affect neuropeptide populations. However, the effect of stressors on muscle and on neuronal activity are not always equal. Here we use the important commercially important Jonah crab, Cancer borealis as a model to assess the effect of different stressors on transcript levels of the major heat shock proteins, HSP70, HSP90A and HSP90B. Since these genes have not been identified or sequenced in C borealis, we cloned each gene and we demonstrate that a) these genes have different expression profiles in thermal, osmotic and hypoxic stresses and that b) these genes are differentially expressed in muscle and brain cells.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Abiotic Factors on Diversification and Adaptation of Insects in Selected Area of Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"K. Rasib","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000110","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to reveal the morphological and taxonomic distribution pattern of dominant insect species under different abiotic conditions in diverse areas of district Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Three various non-agro urban-based ecological sites (Safari Park, Punjab University and Model town Park) randomly selected for field surveys, insect collection and abiotic factor study during the year of 2019-2020. A total of 234 individuals classified into 12 orders, 50 insect species were recovered across all sampling sites. The results indicated that the highest number of insect species with abundant taxa were trapped in Safari Park (62%), followed by Punjab University (26%) and Model town park (12%), respectively. The most dominant insect species are Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera, respectively. The purpose of the study was to assess role of abiotic factors on diversification and adaptation of insects in selected area of Lahore, Pakistan. Among the site-specific difference, PCA analysis of the study revealed a significant difference in ecological diversification and adaptation pattern.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127483113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stability Pattern of the Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Aspergillus flavus","authors":"Okonkwo If","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000103","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the fact that temperature plays key role in the activity of fungal cellulases, this experiment was designed to assess the stability pattern of the cellulase Enzyme produced by Aspergillus flavus derived from rotten wood. The characterization of the purified cellulase enzyme of Aspergillus flavus was carried out using Carboxymethyl cellulose, Filter paper and Cotton wool assays. The maximum and optimum temperatures were 90°C and 70°C, respectively. The enzyme retained above 50% of its original activity at 100°C for 1h and up to 80% at 80°C for 1h Enzyme decay study showed that Cellulase activity remained 100 % at 0 h for both CMC and filter paper. However, as incubation period increased, the activity decreased, but the enzyme still retained above 50 % activity in both substrates at 1h, over the range of 40-100°C. The study carried out showed that the purified Aspergillus flavus cellulases demonstrated useful properties among which include; high optimum temperature, increased thermal stability. They also offer additional advantage as they are more rigid than meso enzymes and moreover, are more resistant to thermal and chemical denaturation. Hence are remarkable tools for developing commercial biotechnologies and for studying protein stability.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115846122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf Meal Potentials as a Possible Substitute to Fishmeal","authors":"E. Nnamonu","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000104","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to evaluate the acceptability and growth performance of African catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis) fingerlings treated with graded levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal used as substitute to fishmeal. One hundred and thirty-five H. bidorsalis fingerlings were assigned into five treatment groups with three replicates per group. Five iso-nitrogenous diets (45% crude protein) were formulated by substituting fishmeal with T. occidentalis leaf meal. The control diet (T0) contained 0% T. occidentalis leaf meal while the other experimental diets (T10, T20, T30 and T40) contained T. occidentalis leaf meal at the percentage of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. Treatment lasted fortytwo days, the experimental diets were administered at 5% of body weight two times daily (9am and 4pm). Water was changed every three days and mortality monitored daily. The acceptability indices of the diets, body weight (g) and length (cm) were measured and recorded weekly. The control diet (T0) recorded the most effective results in all parameters evaluated compared with all treatments. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was recorded in the water qualities tested. Conclusively, It is evident from this study that fishmeal cannot be replaced totally by T. occidentalis leaf meal in the diet of H. bidorsalis fingerlings. However, based on the non-significant difference (p > 0.05) observed in the growth performance of H. bidorsalis fingerlings fed the control diet and 10% Telfairia-based diet, we recommend that H. bidorsalis fingerling producers can substitute fishmeal with T. occidentalis leaf meal just at an optimal level of 10%.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129555304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Kinase C-Dependent Phosphorylation of Human Pleckstrin Reduces its Capacity for Self-Association and Impairs its Ability to Bind Phosphoinositide","authors":"M. Junop","doi":"10.23880/aemb-16000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000111","url":null,"abstract":"Pleckstrin is a major substrate of protein kinase C in lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. In these cells, pleckstrin is expressed at high levels and represents approximately 1 % of total cellular protein. Pleckstrin plays an important role in protein kinase C-dependent secretion, and abberant pleckstrin phosphorylation has been associated with disease. The mechanism, however, by which phosphorylation regulates pleckstrin function is unknown. Here, we show that native pleckstrin self-associates to form dimers that reduce its binding capacity to phosphoinositides. Phosphomimetic amino acid substitutions at residues normally phosphorylated by protein kinase C result in significantly reduced pleckstrin dimerization. Although phosphomimetic forms of pleckstrin exhibit subtle conformational changes they retain most of their phosphoinositide binding properties. These findings suggest that phosphorylation regulates pleckstrin interaction with membranes via a dimerization-dependent mechanism.","PeriodicalId":403292,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}