International Sports Studies最新文献

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Saunders","doi":"10.30819/iss.43-1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.43-1.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It was the Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan who first introduced the term\u0000‘global village’ into the lexicon, almost fifty years ago. He was referring to the\u0000phenomenon of global interconnectedness of which we are all too aware today. At that\u0000time, we were witnessing the world just opening up. In 1946, British Airways had\u0000commenced a twice weekly service from London to New York. The flight involved one\u0000or two touch downs en-route and took a scheduled 19 hours and 45 minutes. By the time\u0000McLuhan had published his book “Understanding media; the extensions of man”, there\u0000were regular services by jet around the globe. London to Sydney was travelled in just\u0000under 35 hours. Moving forward to a time immediately pre-covid, there were over 30\u0000non-stop flights a day in each direction between London and New York. The travel time\u0000from London to Sydney had been cut by a third, to slightly under 22 hours, with just one\u0000touchdown en-route. The world has well and truly ‘opened up’. No place is unreachable\u0000by regular services. But that is just one part of the picture. In 1962, the very first live\u0000television pictures were transmitted across the Atlantic, via satellite. It was a time when\u0000sports’ fans would tune in besides a crackling radio set to hear commentary of their\u0000favourite game relayed from the other side of the world.\u0000\u0000 \u0000Today of course, not only can we watch a live telecast of the Olympic Games in the\u0000comfort of our own homes wherever the games are being held, but we can pick up a\u0000telephone and talk face to face with friends and relatives in real time, wherever they\u0000may be in the world. To today’s generation – generation Z – this does not seem in the\u0000least bit remarkable. Indeed, they have been nicknamed ‘the connected generation’\u0000precisely because such a degree of human interconnectedness no longer seems worth\u0000commenting on. The media technology and the transport advances that underpin this\u0000level of connectedness, have become taken for granted assumptions to them. This is why\u0000the global events of 2020 and the associated public health related reactions, have proved\u0000to be so remarkable to them. It is mass travel and the closeness and variety of human\u0000contact in day-to-day interactions, that have provided the breeding ground for the\u0000pandemic. Consequently, moving around and sharing close proximity with many\u0000strangers, have been the activities that have had to be curbed, as the initial primary\u0000means to manage the spread of the virus. This has caused hardship to many, either\u0000through the loss of a job and the associated income or, the lengthy enforced separation\u0000from family and friends – for the many who find themselves living and working far\u0000removed from their original home.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000McLuhan’s powerful metaphor was ahead of its time. His thoughts were centred\u0000around media and electronic communications well prior to the notion of a ‘physical’\u0000pandemic, which today has provided an equally potent image of how all of our fortunes\u0000have become intertwined, no mat","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mega-Sporting events and the politics of nation-building: a comparison of the 2010 South African and the 2014 and 2016 Brazilian cases","authors":"Hoyoon Jung","doi":"10.30819/iss.43-1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.43-1.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is widely acknowledged that mega-sporting events play a powerful role in nationbuilding\u0000in their host countries, and many scholars have empirically demonstrated this\u0000relationship. The 2010 South Africa FIFA World Cup provided a potent vehicle through\u0000which national unity and integration could be successfully promoted. However, more\u0000recent Brazilian experiences in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics\u0000proved that an identical outcome is not always the case. This study examines how the\u0000hosting of mega-sporting events in South Africa and Brazil yielded contrasting effects\u0000on nation-building. Events in these two countries are compared to explore how two\u0000analogous societies that hosted mega-sporting events at a similar time ultimately\u0000experienced completely different outcomes. It is argued that differences in the cost of\u0000these mega-events, different economic circumstances and, differences in the\u0000characteristics and impact of social movements in the two countries were major\u0000contributing factors to the divergence.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48743199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical education and health enhancing physical activity – a European perspective","authors":"P. Vlček, R. Bailey, J. Vašíčková, C. Scheuer","doi":"10.30819/iss.43-1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.43-1.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article reviews recent literature on the contribution of curriculum physical\u0000education to health-enhancing physical activity within the context of European\u0000countries. Recommended goals for student physical activity are discussed within a\u0000curriculum framework based on five ‘forms’ (concept, designed, implemented, results\u0000and effects). The study used a 'rapid reviewing' method, in which sources were identified\u0000and analysed using systematic reviewing techniques, but subsequent stages were\u0000adapted to facilitate flexible and practical interpretation. Results show that physical\u0000education lessons tend not to reach a putative 50% threshold of moderate-to-vigorous\u0000intensity. Given that the average time allocated for physical education in Europe is 100\u0000minutes per week, strategies are needed to increase the intensity and duration of\u0000physical activity in lessons if they are to make a more meaningful ‘direct’ contribution\u0000to the European and WHO daily target of sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous physical\u0000activity. The authors therefore consider the plausibility of introducing an 'Active\u0000Schools' concept, in which physical education lessons designed to equip students with\u0000the prerequisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values supportive of a physically active\u0000lifestyle are augmented by other school-based contexts which provide the opportunity\u0000to actually meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity participation.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of physical activity. An international position statement","authors":"Erick Burhaein, N. Demirci, C. C. V. Lourenço, Z. Németh, Diajeng Tyas Pinru Phytanza","doi":"10.30819/iss.43-1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.43-1.05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since its appearance at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 in Wuhan (China),\u0000the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. The outbreak\u0000was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Home confinement, travel restrictions, the\u0000closing of venues for exercise and recreation, and the cancellation of indoor and\u0000outdoor events including sport have been characteristic features of the public health\u0000responses around the world. The result has been a reduction in the levels of physical\u0000activity experienced by large numbers of the world population of all ages. This has\u0000caused considerable alarm for physical activity professionals around the world. In\u0000response, this position statement makes a case for the importance of continuing to\u0000embrace regular physical activity alongside the existing public health strategies that\u0000are being implemented in the management of the effects of the virus internationally. To\u0000be consistent with these policies this activity should always be away from others\u0000(application of social distancing) and preferably outdoors. Some potential benefits\u0000specific to the current situation, are suggested by reference to existing knowledge about\u0000the significance of exercise in the maintenance of a healthy immune system. However,\u0000these recommendations need to be viewed primarily within an unchanging context of\u0000the long-term value of healthy levels of physical activity for population well-being and\u0000quality of life. This has been made the more important on account of the potential\u0000harmful effects of the current reduced levels. Some recommendations for appropriate\u0000dosage and types of PA for those with different conditions are provided.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in high intensity running when playing a 4-4-2 formation with a high press strategy: a case study from the English Championship","authors":"Rhys Carr, Richard Mullen, M. Williams","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-2.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this study was to identify and describe the high intensity running activity of\u0000professional footballers playing a high press strategy in a 4-4-2 formation. Data were\u0000obtained from an English Championship football team during a season of 27 home\u0000league and cup fixtures. The footballers were grouped by position: central midfield\u0000(CM) central defender (CD) full back (FB) wide midfield (WM) and centre forward\u0000(CF) while they played a 4-4-2 formation (2 CD and 2 FB; 2 CM and 2 WM; and 2\u0000CF). High intensity running distance was greater for both CFs and WMs than other\u0000positions. The CFs and WMs were unable to sustain the level of high intensity running\u0000observed in the first 5 minutes beyond the 65th minute of the match. When introduced\u0000as a substitute, only the CFs covered greater distances compared to the exact time when\u0000they started a match. The knowledge gained on the distances at high intensity covered\u0000on a positional basis and the impact of introducing a CF substitution provides the\u0000football manager with critical information when preparing for competition.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48629574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Knijnik, J. (2018). The World Cup Chronicles: 31 Days that Rocket Brazil.\u0000Balgowlah Heights, NSW: Fairplay Publishing.","authors":"Luiz Uehara","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-2.06","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000\t\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44718968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Saunders","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-2.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In my last editorial I was contemplating living the new and unexpected experience of\u0000life with Covid 19. Six months ago, was a time for contemplation. We were all entering\u0000into an event of major historical significance. The world has experienced epidemics\u0000before, and we had only to turn to the works of writers such as Camus to realise how\u0000recurrent human behaviour is. We tend so often to be caught by surprise despite the\u0000lessons that are so readily available to us through reference to history. The Spanish ‘flu\u0000epidemic of 1919 was the obvious benchmark to which we could turn. Following hot\u0000on the heels of the Great War of 1914-1918 it was responsible for more casualties than\u0000occurred in the war to end all wars (50 million). It infected 500 million people worldwide.\u0000After just over ten months we are a long, long way from those sorts of figures. As\u0000of 12th November, 51,975,458 case of infection have been reported. Deaths attributed\u0000to the virus number 1,281,309 worldwide.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Of course, what makes Covid 19 so significant is not simply that it should have\u0000happened, but that it is the first pandemic in this era of globalisation which we have\u0000entered only comparatively recently. Some might remember the SARS epidemic which\u0000affected mainly people in Asia. As indicated by its name, severe acute respiratory\u0000syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), it was very similar initially in its effects. Yet, after first\u0000emerging in 2002, it was eradicated less than two years later. It seems that this was\u0000achieved largely by what has been called simple public health measures. This involved\u0000“testing people with symptoms (fever and respiratory problems), isolating and\u0000quarantining suspected cases, and restricting travel.” These same measures of course\u0000have been implemented in most countries following the virus’ spread to Italy early in\u00002020. However, the fact that different nations have responded differently and also\u0000experienced very different outcomes should be of considerable interest as we consider\u0000the whole concept of a global threat and global responses. The ten worst affected\u0000countries currently are in order:\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Contry; Confirmed Cases; Deaths\u0000United States; 10,460,302; 244,421\u0000India; 8,684,039; 128,165\u0000Brazil; 5,749,007; 163,406\u0000France; 1,865,538; 42,535\u0000Russia; 1,836,960; 31,593\u0000Spain; 1,417,709; 40,105\u0000Argentina; 1,273,343; 34,531\u0000United Kingdom; 1,256,725; 50,365\u0000Colombia; 1,165,326; 33,312\u0000Italy; 1,028,424; 42,953\u0000 \u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000They are dominated by the advanced economies of the northern hemisphere. The\u0000countries who have previously experienced the SARS epidemic in Asia have fared\u0000comparatively lightly. Bearing in mind that statistics of this nature may not be strictly\u0000comparable given variation in the criteria used and the methods of sourcing and\u0000collecting this information, it is still interesting to hypothesise why outcomes can differ\u0000so much. Explanations might include reference to the environments in which people\u0000live – physical space, climate and availability of sophisticate","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of Stress among Soccer Coaches in Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"Lesego Phetlhe, H. Morris-Eyton, A. Kubayi","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-2.05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this study was to examine sources of stress among football coaches in\u0000Gauteng Province, South Africa. Participants were 150 football coaches who\u0000completed the twenty-six item Stressors in Sports Coaching Questionnaire (Kubayi,\u0000Toriola, and Didymus, 2018). Players were generally seen as providing the greatest\u0000source of stress through ‘players underperforming in training’ and ‘lack of discipline\u0000and commitment from players’. The most important task related stressors came from\u0000the ‘lack of recognition of good coaching’ and ‘performing multiple roles’. ‘High\u0000expectation to win’ and ‘my performance is judged on players’ results’ were the major\u0000sources of performance stress and ‘job insecurity’ was the leading environmental\u0000stressor. It is recommended that sport clubs and managers in Gauteng need to increase\u0000the resources available to their coaches to cope with the stresses that have been\u0000identified. Particular attention should be paid to assist coaches in improving their\u0000resilience and coping skills when under pressure from the many external demands that\u0000accompany their coaching role.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46144396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences and understandings of the K-13 curriculum implementation of Indonesian teachers of Adapted Physical Education (APE)","authors":"Erick Burhaein, B. Tarigan, Diajeng Tyas Pinru Phytanza","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-e.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-e.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences and understandings of\u0000adaptive physical education (APE) teachers in their implementation of the newly\u0000introduced K-13 curriculum in special needs schools (SLB) in Indonesia. This research\u0000is a replication of previous research (Sigid XXABSTRACT Setiawan, 2018) conducted with primary\u0000school physical education (PE) teachers. Twenty-six APE teachers aged 28-39 years (X\u0000= 34.04, SD = 3.46) who worked with various disabilities in SLB were involved as\u0000participants. Data collected were observations, interviews, and documentation working\u0000within a phenomenological framework. Results indicated that teachers’ experiences of\u0000the K-13 implementation were focused on (1) the acquisition of basic knowledge and\u0000competence, (2) the adoption of the scientific approach, (3) the use of authentic\u0000assessment, and (4) awareness of the supporting and inhibiting factors. The\u0000understandings arising from these experiences were that: (1) the required knowledge of\u0000APE SLB teachers could be found within the supporting government publications; (2)\u0000the scientific approach placed systematic student problem solving at its core, and; (3)\u0000authentic assessment involves a comprehensive focus on the learning and development\u0000of skills, attitudes and knowledge. A comparison of these findings with those of the\u0000primary teacher study showed that some of the additional understandings revealed by\u0000the Adapted PE teachers reflected some of the specific demands and challenges facing\u0000teachers in the context of special needs education. This research should serve as a\u0000reference for novice teachers in emphasizing that good K-13 curriculum learning at all\u0000levels must involve preparation for its implementation and its assessment.\u0000Recommendations for the value of ongoing research of this nature with a broader cohort\u0000of teachers are made.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49305927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Saunders","doi":"10.30819/iss.42-e.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30819/iss.42-e.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A mere two years ago International Sports Studies was celebrating its fortieth\u0000anniversary. At that time, at the beginning of 2018, your editor was able to reflect on\u0000the journey of our professional association – the International Society for Comparative\u0000Physical Education and Sport (ISCPES). It started with a small, cohesive, and optimistic\u0000group of physical education scholars from Europe and North America interested in\u0000working across boundaries and exploring new international horizons. The group that\u0000met in Borovets in 2017 on the eve of the society’s fortieth anniversary, represented a\u0000wider range of origins. They were also more circumspect, tempered by their experience\u0000in what had become, four decades later, a very much more complex competitive and\u0000fragmented professional environment. Such a comparison seems almost to have\u0000reflected a common journey, from the hope and optimism of youth to entry into the\u0000challenges and responsibilities of mid adulthood. Yet from the perspective of\u0000contemporary history, these last four decades seem generally to be viewed as having\u0000been a time of unbroken human progress. Certainly, this is a defensible view when we\u0000use technological and economic progress as the criterion. The nation of Indonesia\u0000provides an excellent example of progress by these measures.\u0000The world’s 10th largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, and a\u0000member of the G-20. Furthermore, Indonesia has made enormous gains in\u0000poverty reduction, cutting the poverty rate by more than half since 1999, to\u00009.78% in 2020. Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, Indonesia was able to maintain\u0000a consistent economic growth, recently qualifying the country to reach upper\u0000middle-income status.\u0000The World Bank (www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/overview)\u0000Indeed, when we look at the economic growth charts of the world over the last\u0000century, without exception they resemble a J curve with growth over the last half century\u0000being particularly rapid. But, from time to time, we need to be reminded that human\u0000existence is rather like a coin. Looking at the top side provides one picture but then,\u0000when we turn the coin over, a totally different view presents itself. From time to time,\u0000pictures find their way to our television screens that remind us that real challenges of\u0000poverty are still faced by many today. Similarly, though we have talked about seventyfive\u0000years of peace, the other side of the coin reveals that around the globe armed conflict\u0000has continued remorselessly since the official ending of World War II in September 2nd\u00001945.\u0000A visit to Wikipedia and its list of ongoing conflicts in the world will inform the\u0000casual reader, that in the current or past calendar year there have been over 10,000 deaths\u0000related to four major wars – in Afghanistan, the Yemen, Syria and Mexico. In addition,\u0000eleven wars, eighteen ‘minor conflicts’ and fifteen ‘skirmishes’ have added to death and\u0000misery for many around the world. I make these points in case those of us who are\u0000f","PeriodicalId":40315,"journal":{"name":"International Sports Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}