Socio-Economic Problems and the State最新文献

{"title":"Power and collective ownership: the experience of land reform","authors":"A. Kryskov, N. Habrusieva, N. Shostakivska","doi":"10.33108/sepd2022.02.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.550","url":null,"abstract":"The main reason for the implementation of the next agrarian reform was the profound changes that have taken place in the field of socio-economic relations. The economy of the Russian Empire, after series of crisis and internal political upheavals, found itself in a state of prolonged depression. The economic lag behind Western European countries has led to dependence on foreign investment. The tasks set before the reform of February 19, 1861, were never realized. Starting the agrarian reform, the government headed by P. Stolypin set the task of comprehensively addressing the following issues: increase efficiency, marketability of agricultural production, strengthen the social resistance of the government in the countryside by destroying the community and transferring land to private ownership. It was believed that the appearance of the peasant’s sense of ownership would automatically remove the problem of dissatisfaction with the policy of the authorities in the countryside. The Peasant Land Bank was the main lever for reform. Pre-designed legislation expanded its powers. Of all the hamlets and cuttings, the highest were the share of those that appeared on the lands of the Peasant Land Bank. On the other hand, the State Noble Land Bank actually preserved the existence of the feudal in the form of the creation of aristocratic land tenure, credit support hindered the development of capitalist relations. The Peasant Land Bank, with the aim of lending to peasant land tenure, stimulated the growth of land prices, which indirectly helped the noble land tenure. The reform significantly accelerated the development of capitalist relations in the countryside: as a result of the destruction of the community, capitalist land ownership was created, strips were eliminated, the process of land concentration in the hands of wealthy peasants intensified, and the marketability of agriculture increased. However, in general, P. Stolypin’s reform did not achieve its goal – it did not ensure the creation of a strong capitalist system in the countryside, as aristocratic land tenure was preserved. During its implementation, there were no cardinal changes in land tenure and land use in the provinces of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The main reason was the predominant farmland ownership of peasants. The creation of farms and cuts contributed to a partial solution to the problem across the strip.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122799399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The decentralization process as a factor for the development of the territorial community business environment","authors":"N. Holych, O. Panukhnyk","doi":"10.33108/sepd2019.02.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2019.02.112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123181825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of human resources development mechanisms in rural areas","authors":"N. Korzhenivska, Irina Yasinetska, Igor Bespaliy","doi":"10.33108/sepd2022.02.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.247","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of human development and the search for effective mechanisms for its implementation is becoming more widespread. Particular attention is paid to these studies in the context of research on the deterioration of rural resources, infrastructure decline, insufficiently regulated social services, demographic crisis, labor migration, unemployment and poverty. The research is aimed at theoretical substantiation and analysis of mechanisms of human potential development in rural areas. The article highlights the importance of their effectiveness and highlights the importance of motivational priorities. Human capital is characterized as an intellectual link of resource potential and a driver of economic growth. It is determined that in order to prevent the impact of risks of the implementation of effective mechanisms for the development of human potential in rural areas, it is important to use the benefits of diversification of agricultural entrepreneurship and employment. An analysis of the permanent population of Ukraine, the impact of a significant difference in the population living in rural areas and cities. The analysis of agricultural production revealed a significant difference in the priorities of peasant (farmer) farms and households, as the population, unlike farmers, prefers the production of livestock products. However, the growth of production does not correlate with profitability, the study showed a downward trend in profitability. The characteristics of the factors influencing the development of human capital have been supplemented and expanded. Political, economic, managerial, educational, investment, institutional instruments should balance interests and contribute to the development of a common direction of risk minimization and human development. Emphasis is placed on the importance of defining tactical tools, operational measures for the implementation of mechanisms and the formation of actors in the face of government, manufacturers, educational and research institutions, stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"155 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128666293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logistical and infrastructural components of hospitality industry destinations","authors":"Pavlo Dudkin, O. Dudkina","doi":"10.33108/SEPD2020.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/SEPD2020.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"The essential structural and functional characteristics of destinations in the hospitality industry have been considered in the article. The current trends in the hospitality destinations and the influential factors determining the need to develop new methods and managerial tools based on systematic approach have been analyzed. The infrastructural and logistical components of tourist destinations are singled out. The attention was focused on the objective need to improve the organizational, functional, informational and managerial aspects of logistics and infrastructure support of the hospitality industry destinations as a basis for its sustainable development and achieving strong competitive market positions. Certain areas for innovative logistic and infrastructural subsystem improvements concerning the hospitality industry destinations in the conditions of current challenges and threats have been described. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the necessity to concentrate efforts on building up national destinations, oriented on Ukrainian consumer as a stable source of income to the local budget rises. Also authors stress the low level of average income of Ukrainians and insufficient customer service as a restraining factor for hospitality industry. The principles of a transparent logistical promotion of goods, services, finances in the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant business by using modern smart technologies have been substantiated. The main emphasis has been placed on the expediency of introducing modern information and communication technologies, logistics and cluster approaches into the hospitality industry destinations.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114559284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social challenges and social responsibility of business in wartime","authors":"O. Vladymyr, N. Bazhanova","doi":"10.33108/sepd2022.nom2.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.nom2.045","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the essence of social responsibility of business and its role in the development of the national economy, in facilitating the solution of social problems at various stages of ethical views formation regarding the organization of business, both in the world and in Ukraine. Peculiarities of the manifestation of social responsibility in different territories of our country, which in certain historical periods were part of different countries, are studied. It is revealed the influence of national culture and worldview, as well as political circumstances and restrictions on the identification and self-expression of Ukrainians in various aspects of social life, including economic one, on the formation of economic and socially responsible centers, the main goal of which is the support and social protection of the Ukrainian population, the revival of the economy and education in Galicia. The traditions of Ukrainian patronage, thanks to which the population of Left-bank Ukraine revived their language, culture, writing and painting, and had access to educational and medical services are mentioned. The negative impact of the colonial enslavement of Ukraine by the Soviet Union on the development of social responsibility is considered, primarily due to the destruction of the institution of private property and the introduction of command-administrative management methods. That later served as one of the reasons for the emergence of such processes as shadow economy, corruption, unscrupulous business conduct, tax evasion, non-compliance with legislation, and thus violation of the basic principles of ethics and social responsibility of business at the first stages of the revival of the national economy of Ukraine. However, the article substantiates those similar negative processes took place in most of the modern economically developed countries of the world, during the period when they passed the stage of «wild capitalism», which lasted until the second quarter of the 20th century. Ukrainian society passed this stage in a very quick period, in ten years. And already in 2000, Ukrainian business began to revive ancient Ukrainian traditions of patronage and moved to the next stage of the formation of social responsibility of business – local care, and now to full social management. Analyzing the tragic events and challenges faced by Ukrainian society during the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, the article reveals the extraordinary activity, initiative, and variety of social responsibility projects of domestic businesses that operate in various spheres of activity and on various forms of organization. At the same time, the article substantiates the need to improve conditions for doing business, improve legislation and the judicial system, as one of the components of encouraging entrepreneurs to expand their social responsibility.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116935649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem aspects of VAT refunds at the current stage","authors":"V. Ponomaryova, O. Artyukh","doi":"10.33108/sepd2022.nom2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.nom2.153","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the problematic aspects of VAT refund at the current stage, it is proved in the article that VAT is a budget-forming tax in the system of Ukraine’s state finance, which significantly affects the financial and economic activity of economic entities. Therefore, an important aspect of the research within the scope of this publication is the determination of the essence of the VAT refund; outlining its features in the domestic taxation system; identification of problematic aspects of the VAT refund, including the one during the martial law period in the country; search for ways to improve tax administration in terms of the VAT refund. In order to solve the tasks, the normative requirements for reimbursement of VAT from the budget in the relevant directions are considered in the article; the total volume of budgetary VAT refunds in Ukraine in the dynamics of years, the specific weight of refunds in certain regions of Ukraine, the amounts of declared VAT refunds that were rejected as a result of tax control and the reasons for such deviations are analyzed. When verifying the correctness of the VAT refunds, the problematic aspects faced by the control authorities are identified, and the operations of taxpayers that lead to improper VAT refunds due to unjustified overestimation of the VAT tax credit (for example, when making fictitious exports, importing goods at reduced prices, when creating fictitious enterprises, etc.). At the same time, it is noted that due to the introduction of a more transparent VAT refund mechanism using the Register of applications for the refund of the budgetary VAT refund, the administration of this tax has improved, which contributed to the reduction of corruption and the creation of equal conditions for all VAT payers. For improving the VAT refund mechanism, it is proposed to develop a set of measures in the tax administration system aimed at strengthening control over the legality of VAT refund applications based on documentary confirmation of VAT amounts. It is stated that at the same time it is worth taking into account the legislative innovations regarding VAT administration and constantly studying the dynamics of tax changes during martial law.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and methodological approaches to assessment of industrial enterprises’ investment attractiveness","authors":"M. Bieloborodova","doi":"10.33108/sepd2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to expand theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises. Modern methodological approaches to the issue were analyzed to highlight their advantages and disadvantages and provide a common toolkit of each approach. Based on the results of a critical analysis of the relevant scientific literature, a classification of existing theoretical and methodological approaches is proposed with the allocation of four classification groups which are combined, market, strategic and financial accounting approaches. The article substantiates the expediency of using an integrated rating approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises. This approach is based on the involvement of a wide range of statistical, financial and mathematical tools, as well as on the study of the impact on the investment attractiveness of \"hard\" external and \"soft\" internal factors with ranking their significance for the resulting indicator. The proposed approach involves the assessment of a two-level system of factors, the first level of which includes factors characterizing the efficiency of activities, and the second level includes indicators of financial stability and solvency of industrial enterprises. The advantages of this approach are the attraction of versatile coefficients that allow the most complete characterization of the investment attractiveness of a particular enterprise. The results of the research create the necessary basis for further systematic study of the problem of estimation investment attractiveness in the context of the most complete realization of the economic potential of industrial enterprises, determining the investment potential of territories, regions and industries. Together with the qualitative indicators of the significance of factors based on expert assessments, the proposed approach allows determining ways to increase the level of the industrial enterprises’ investment attractiveness.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124484058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Walking Tours: Ukrainian format","authors":"Natalia Aksonova","doi":"10.33108/sepd2023.01.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2023.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the review of the origin and promotion of the “free” excursions service in Ukraine as well as to the change of attitude towards them during the russian military aggression. The terminological confusion that arises among the Ukrainian consumers with the use of the term Free Walking Tours are indicated in the article. This term is considered in Ukrainian realities through the prism of such concepts as \"free\", \"unpaid\", \"open\", \"volunteer\", although in global practice such excursions are provided exclusively \"for tips\". An analysis of the strategies of sites advertising Free Walking Tours is presented, the most popular of them and those containing information about similar services on the Ukrainian market are identified. The degree of the Ukrainian tour guides inclusion in this information space is determined. The possibilities of collaboration in creating an excursion service in foreign languages are shown. The positive effect of the fact that the price of this service is determined by consumers is shown due to the fact that it has a great psychological effect with a low degree of expectation. Also, this factor affects the promotion of a certain destination, the degree of feedback on the tour guide’s work and the impression of the trip. The positive impact of free excursions on the psychological relief of internally displaced persons in the conditions of war in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that this format of the excursion is the best format in the conditions of economic recession and exit from the crisis. The conclusions presented in the article will provide an opportunity to understand the strategy of promoting the Free Walking Tours service for the Ukrainian consumer and to overcome the terminological discrepancy arising in the advertising of \"free\" excursions \"for a tip\" for the Ukrainian consumer. The presence of a wide network of international resources for advertising such services is an opportunity to improve and diversify this service with Ukrainian tour guides in foreign languages.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127643788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends and perspectives in the restaurant industry","authors":"Igor Stoyko, Roman Sherstiuk","doi":"10.33108/sepd2023.01.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2023.01.066","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has a profound effect on the structures of many spheres with all its dimensions. Therefore, various progressive trends affect the modern trends of our life. Current and future trends are considered by such factors as emergency situations (pandemic, etc.), technology (Industry 4.0, etc.), the phenomenon of sustainable development (environmentally friendly practices, etc.). In this context, the restaurant business, which is one of the components of the tourism industry, attracts attention with its new trends. It is proven that the modern restaurant business requires the implementation of various aspects of sustainability, innovation and new approaches in communication with consumers, as well as the implementation of new restaurant trends. The restaurant industry trends testify that owners are finding innovative ways to improve the guest experience inside and outside the establishment, whether they are running a fast-food or a full-service restaurant. founding or researching an entirely new concept. Consumer food preferences and economic conditions indicate major restaurant trends and strategies that remain unchanged. It is found that whether restaurant business implements a contactless payment strategy, experiments with online ordering, or uses automation to combat labor shortages, restaurants are finding creative ways to build meaningful relationships with their staff and customers. To identify the strategies that will shape the restaurant industry in 2023 and beyond, Internet search research and forecasting of leading restaurateurs is carried out and analyzed. During this research the trends and forecasts in the restaurant industry are holistically assessed and suggestions to relevant stakeholders are offered.","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127830321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The background of the digital bank business model forming in Ukraine","authors":"Y. Onyshchenko","doi":"10.33108/sepd2019.02.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33108/sepd2019.02.192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402980,"journal":{"name":"Socio-Economic Problems and the State","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}