Comments on Toxicology最新文献

Current and Future Perspectives Using Biomarkers to Assess Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems 利用生物标志物评估水生生态系统污染的现状和未来展望

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450359

José María Monserrat, L. Geracitano, A. Bianchini

{"title":"Current and Future Perspectives Using Biomarkers to Assess Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems","authors":"José María Monserrat, L. Geracitano, A. Bianchini","doi":"10.1080/08865140390450359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865140390450359","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of detecting aquatic pollution problems to take corrective decisions is intimately related to the organization levels of the living matter. Measurements at the biochemical or physiological levels detect more quickly and specifically the presence of several toxic compounds, allowing its utilization in a prospective way, until that deleterious effect reaches higher organization levels. The detection of environmental “hot spots” needs general nonspecific biomarkers if no previous information about the presence of specific pollutants exist. Since several xenobiotics can modify directly or indirectly the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant concentration, the determination of oxidative stress (DNA damage, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation) in aquatic species is commonly used as a nonspecific biomarker. On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase activity or determination of metallothionein concentration (or expression) represents specific biomarkers that indicate the presence of anticholinesterasic compounds (organophosphorus pesticides or neurotoxins, for instance) and metals, respectively. The fact that animal populations inhabiting polluted areas can express responses qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of reference areas has lead to the “pollution induced community tolerance” approach that seems to be a valuable tool to compare toxicological responses of different aquatic populations.","PeriodicalId":402874,"journal":{"name":"Comments on Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122356123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Overview: Biomarkers of Pollution in Aquatic Animals 综述:水生动物污染的生物标志物

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450331

José María Monserrat

{"title":"Overview: Biomarkers of Pollution in Aquatic Animals","authors":"José María Monserrat","doi":"10.1080/08865140390450331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865140390450331","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue is devoted to analyzing the state-of-the art of biomarkers of exposure and effect in aquatic species. The increasing human population is imposing several problems on our planet. Biochemical and physiological parameters can be employed to determine if an organism has been exposed to one or more pollutants or if deleterious effects are evident after exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants. The quickness by which these parameters can be measured is an advantage when corrective decisions have to made taking into account quantitative and reliable information. Also, as discussed in this issue, measurements at the biochemical or physiological levels detect more quickly and specifically the presence of several toxic compounds, allowing this information to be used in a prospective way, avoiding the appearance of deleterious effects at higher organization levels such as communities. All the contributors to this issue are researchers with experience in the use of biomarkers to detect and evaluate pollution problems. Several are from Brazil, a country with more than 8,000km of coast, a geographical characteristic that imposes the need to evaluate the quality of aquatic resources. The study and development of pollution biomarkers can be related to several different areas. Because the growing of the human population has lead to the search for alternative ways to produce food, aquaculture has become a broadly accepted alternative. However, food quality generated by aquaculture practices is directly","PeriodicalId":402874,"journal":{"name":"Comments on Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115913041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is There a CYP1A1 in Marine Bivalves? Expressed Sequences Related to Cytochrome P450 in Crassostrea Rhizophorae 海洋双壳类动物中是否存在CYP1A1 ?细胞色素P450相关序列的表达

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450377

M. Rebelo, J. Moreira, M. Moraes, D. Coutinho, J. Torres

引用次数: 11

Global Analysis of Biomarker Responses in Aquatic Organisms Exposed to Contaminants 暴露于污染物的水生生物生物标志物反应的全球分析

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450368

A. Bainy, M. R. Marques

引用次数: 13

Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity as an Index of Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Marine Organisms 海洋生物氧化应激易感性指标的总自由基清除能力研究

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450395

S. Gorbi, F. Regoli

{"title":"Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity as an Index of Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Marine Organisms","authors":"S. Gorbi, F. Regoli","doi":"10.1080/08865140390450395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865140390450395","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a natural event for aerobic organisms, but it can be exacerbated by both biological and environmental factors. Cellular oxidative damage is well documented in aquatic organisms, and variations of antioxidants can be sensitive in revealing a pro-oxidant condition. Nonetheless, such effects are difficult to predict according to chemicals, kind of exposure, and species sensitivity. Measuring the overall efficiency of cellular antioxidants toward oxyradicals provides a more integrated assessment of susceptibility of a tissue to oxidative stress. Among the methods for analyzing total antioxidant capacity, the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay offers the possibility to discriminate different oxyradicals, indicating the roles of these species or their metabolic pathways of formation, in the onset of oxidative disease. The TOSC assay has been widely used on marine organisms under natural and disturbed condition suggesting temporal and causal relationships among increased ROS formation, onset of antioxidant responses, and potential occurrence of oxidative damages and toxicity to cellular targets.","PeriodicalId":402874,"journal":{"name":"Comments on Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125584727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Annelids and Nematodes as Sentinels of Environmental Pollution 环节动物和线虫:环境污染的哨兵

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390450386

José María Monserrat, C. E. Rosa, J. Sandrini, L. F. Marins, A. Bianchini, L. Geracitano

引用次数: 19

MRP2-Mediated Reduced Glutathione Transport in Protection Against Oxidant Stress mrp2介导的还原性谷胱甘肽转运在抗氧化应激中的作用

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390427445

N. Ballatori, C. Hammond, J. Cunningham

{"title":"MRP2-Mediated Reduced Glutathione Transport in Protection Against Oxidant Stress","authors":"N. Ballatori, C. Hammond, J. Cunningham","doi":"10.1080/08865140390427445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865140390427445","url":null,"abstract":"Although the primary physiological role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) appears to be the export of a wide variety of organic molecules from the cell, including glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione S-conjugates, there is now strong evidence that MRP2 also is able to export reduced glutathione (GSH) from the cell. The ability to export both GSH and GSSG would allow MRP2 to contribute directly to the regulation of the cellular thiol-redox status and therefore to the protection against oxidative stress. In addition, because GSH export is intimately linked to the other biological functions of this tripeptide, MRP2 may contribute to the regulation of these other cellular functions. Evidence for a role of MRP2 in GSH export comes from several studies, including (a) studies in MRP2-deficient rats demonstrating that these animals are unable to transport GSH into bile; (b) in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrating that cellular GSH export rates correlate with MRP2 expression levels; (c) comparative studies with the yeast orthologue of MRP2, Ycflp, showing that the yeast orthologue functions as an ATP-driven GSH transporter; (d) direct measurement of ATP-dependent GSH transport in rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles; and (e) studies with MRP1, the functional orthologue of MRP2, demonstrating that MRP1 is able to transport GSH. Taken together these data indicate that GSH is a substrate for MRP2; however, neither the precise biochemical mechanism of transport nor the quantitative significance of this process is yet known.","PeriodicalId":402874,"journal":{"name":"Comments on Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123557555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Consequences of MRP2 Deficiency: Lessons from Rats with a Mutation in This Exporter MRP2缺失的后果:从这种出口者突变的大鼠身上得到的教训

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390427454

M. Treinen-Moslen, L. Kaphalia, M. F. Kanz

{"title":"Consequences of MRP2 Deficiency: Lessons from Rats with a Mutation in This Exporter","authors":"M. Treinen-Moslen, L. Kaphalia, M. F. Kanz","doi":"10.1080/08865140390427454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08865140390427454","url":null,"abstract":"MRP2, a multidrug resistance-associated protein, helps to maintain mammalian homeostasis by exporting bilirubin conjugates and many xenobiotics into bile or urine. Experiments with two mutant rat strains, namely TR− and EHBR which have a functionally deficient MRP2, have revealed major alterations in the fate and pathophysiology of substrates for this exporter. Such alterations have clinical implications because multiple conditions, notably sepsis and bile duct obstruction, are associated with diminished expression of the exporter. However, the homeostatic response to MRP2 deficiency is complex since other reported changes in tissues of rats with a mutation in this exporter appear to have compensatory influences on the responses to MRP2 substrates. The goal of this commentary is to describe some representative lessons about the consequences of MRP2 deficiency that have been learned from experiments with the mutant rats. Emphasis will be given to recent observations about the consequences of this deficiency on responses to the NSAID diclofenac, including intestinal ulcers and drug protein adducts in liver, intestine and kidney. Such observations could lead to new strategies for safer therapeutic protocol for drugs whose reactive metabolites are substrates for the MRP2 exporter.","PeriodicalId":402874,"journal":{"name":"Comments on Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Guest Editor 客座编辑

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.67.s1.4

S. Isernhagen

引用次数: 0

Defense Barriers in the Body:Contribution of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 体内防御屏障:多药耐药相关蛋白的作用

Comments on Toxicology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/08865140390427436

C. Dietrich, A. Geier, R. P. Elferink, S. Matern

引用次数: 0