Overview: Biomarkers of Pollution in Aquatic Animals

José María Monserrat
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Abstract

This special issue is devoted to analyzing the state-of-the art of biomarkers of exposure and effect in aquatic species. The increasing human population is imposing several problems on our planet. Biochemical and physiological parameters can be employed to determine if an organism has been exposed to one or more pollutants or if deleterious effects are evident after exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants. The quickness by which these parameters can be measured is an advantage when corrective decisions have to made taking into account quantitative and reliable information. Also, as discussed in this issue, measurements at the biochemical or physiological levels detect more quickly and specifically the presence of several toxic compounds, allowing this information to be used in a prospective way, avoiding the appearance of deleterious effects at higher organization levels such as communities. All the contributors to this issue are researchers with experience in the use of biomarkers to detect and evaluate pollution problems. Several are from Brazil, a country with more than 8,000km of coast, a geographical characteristic that imposes the need to evaluate the quality of aquatic resources. The study and development of pollution biomarkers can be related to several different areas. Because the growing of the human population has lead to the search for alternative ways to produce food, aquaculture has become a broadly accepted alternative. However, food quality generated by aquaculture practices is directly
综述:水生动物污染的生物标志物
本期特刊致力于分析水生物种暴露和影响的生物标志物的最新进展。不断增长的人口给我们的星球带来了几个问题。生物化学和生理参数可用于确定生物体是否暴露于一种或多种污染物,或者暴露于复杂的污染物混合物后是否有明显的有害影响。当必须根据定量和可靠的信息作出纠正决定时,测量这些参数的速度是一个优势。此外,正如本期所讨论的那样,生化或生理水平的测量可以更快、更具体地检测到几种有毒化合物的存在,从而使这些信息能够以一种有前瞻性的方式使用,避免在更高的组织水平(如社区)出现有害影响。这个问题的所有贡献者都是具有使用生物标志物来检测和评估污染问题经验的研究人员。其中一些来自巴西,一个拥有8000多公里海岸线的国家,这一地理特征要求对水生资源的质量进行评估。污染生物标志物的研究和开发可以涉及到几个不同的领域。由于人口的增长导致人们寻找生产食物的替代方法,水产养殖已成为一种被广泛接受的替代方法。然而,水产养殖活动直接影响食品质量
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