{"title":"The hukou system and wage gap between urban and rural migrant workers in China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Xinxin Ma, Yalan Li, Ichiro Iwasaki","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study involved a meta-analysis of 506 estimates extracted from 75 studies to estimate the effect size of rural household registration (<i>hukou</i>) on wage levels. Our meta-synthesis results indicated that the negative effect of rural <i>hukou</i> on wages is statistically significant; however, the effect size remains small in terms of the partial correlation coefficient. The results of the meta-regression analysis and test for publication selection bias indicated that the differences in the wage effect of <i>hukou</i> among genders, corporate ownership sectors, and periods are insignificant. We also found that publication selection bias is unlikely, and genuine evidence exists in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 4","pages":"1105-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Total factor productivity, transitional dynamics and endogenous growth accounting for Latin America: Evidence from two centuries’ data","authors":"Miethy Zaman","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the sources of economic growth for Latin American economies. With two centuries of data and extended growth accounting methods, the study shows that poor total factor productivity (TFP) growth is the key to understanding Latin America's low economic growth relative to other economies. Using a functional form of TFP growth, based on second-generation growth models, furthers analyses to show some empirical evidence for growth induced by R&D, knowledge spillovers, educational attainment and the distance to the frontier. However, the magnitude effect is very small and when compared to the OECD countries, the gap between the TFP growth generating factors is very substantial. An intricate policy structure should be implemented for Latin America to foster an environment that is conducive to aid permanent TFP and economic growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 4","pages":"1079-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combining samples in small area estimation: An application to poverty mapping in Vietnam","authors":"Cuong Viet Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small area estimation (SAE), which combines a population census and a sample survey, is widely used to estimate poverty and welfare indicators in small areas. A common situation in practice is that a population census is conducted using both short- and long-form questionnaires. The short form is used to collect basic demographic information for the whole population, while the long form is used to collect additional information, such as employment, from a random sample. This study shows that combining both short- and long-form data can improve estimation efficiency. This method is applied to poverty maps for the 2014–2019 period in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 4","pages":"1057-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha Rovo, Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Gallina A. Vincelette
{"title":"The effect of structural reforms on employment and the trade–labour link: Robust evidence from Europe and Central Asia","authors":"Natasha Rovo, Jesus Crespo Cuaresma, Gallina A. Vincelette","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use Bayesian model averaging techniques to assess the role of different types of structural and institutional variables and their interaction with specific characteristics of the economy, as determinants of employment dynamics for 30 economies in Europe and Central Asia. We find that, once short-run dynamics are controlled for, common structural determinants for the employment rate emerge, including tax rates, human capital, availability of technology, labour market regulation and trade openness. The results show that the effect of labour market regulation on employment outcomes is affected by other characteristics, such as trade openness. Focusing on the trade–labour link, we find that labour market reforms toward a more flexible labour market have a positive impact on employment ratios, and this effect is stronger for economies characterised by relatively low level of trade barriers. In addition, the positive employment effects from labour market regulation reforms are stronger; the less flexible is the initial labour market regulatory framework. These findings bring important policy insights related to the employment potential of further structural reforms and trade integration for the countries in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 4","pages":"1037-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139559583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does excess capacity strengthen firms' dependence on the polluting path? Evidence from Chinese iron and steel firms","authors":"Hongqi Ma, Guangjun Shen, Jingxian Zou","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the relationship between firms' excess capacity and their environmental behaviour by matching the environmental data of China's major iron and steel firms with the Chinese Industrial Enterprises database. The findings are as follows. (1) A firm's excess capacity leads to myopic decisions, and firms will pay more attention to short-run economic benefits at the cost of long-run environmental benefits, which strengthens their dependence on the polluting path. (2) The dependence is positively correlated with the transformation barriers, and either a higher innovation cost or a higher possibility of regulatory capture in local official governance would lead to greater dependence on the pollution path. (3) Mergers & acquisitions (M&As) may hopefully cut such dependency, but only cross-provincial M&As led by central state-owned enterprises (SOEs) can effectively alleviate the “pollution effect” of excess capacity, while intra-provincial M&As led by local SOEs fail to achieve such a goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 3","pages":"971-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the health implications of rising income inequality: What does the data say?","authors":"Alex O. Acheampong, Eric Evans Osei Opoku","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does income inequality worsen a country's health outcomes? In this study, we examine the effect of income inequality and redistribution on health outcomes using a panel dataset for a global sample of 154 countries from 1990 to 2020, and the instrumental variable method. The evidence from the empirical analyses revealed that, on average, higher income inequality is associated with poor health outcomes. On the other hand, this study documented that, on average, countries with higher income redistribution have better health outcomes. From regional analyses, we documented that income inequality strongly worsens health outcomes in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean and Latin America. We found that education, environmental pollution, health expenditure and GDP per capita are the potential channels through which income inequality affects health outcomes. The findings established in this study suggest that a political environment that supports better income distribution would lead to better health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 4","pages":"1003-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139559582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring the scale of envelope wages: Evidence from Poland","authors":"Marek Kośny, Jakub Sawulski, Aneta Kiełczewska","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a methodology for measuring the scale of the unregistered wages paid to staff by employers. We show that the differences in earnings distribution between public- and private-sector employees are not reflected in the distribution of expenditure. Assuming that public-sector employees do not receive unreported income, this points to undisclosed income in the private sector. After showing that the distribution of income from non-wage sources does not systematically depend on the sector, we argue that the differences may be attributed to envelope wages. We estimate that 10%–11% of employees in Poland receive envelope wages, which account for around 5% of total earnings.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 3","pages":"949-970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making depositors greedy and careless: Government safety nets and the degradation of depositor discipline","authors":"Giang Phung, Michael Troege","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In emerging countries, deposits play an important role in banks' total funding; hence, depositor discipline may significantly impact banking performance and financial system stability. This paper investigates depositor discipline before and after Vietnam's 2008–2011 banking crisis when depositors had little experience regarding bank bailouts and the amount of deposit insurance was limited to a low cap. The study points out that before the crisis, the level of deposit financing in banks depended on both the interest rates offered and on measures of banks' risk-taking. After the crisis, given that the Vietnamese government prevented all bank failures to ensure economic, political, and social stability, depositors still react to interest rate changes, but substantially less to risk. This suggests that they have learned that their deposits are safe regardless of the risk the bank is taking.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 3","pages":"921-947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It's all in the stars: The Chinese zodiac and the effects of parental investments on offspring's cognitive and noncognitive skill development","authors":"Chih Ming Tan, Xiao Wang, Xiaobo Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parental investments in children's cognitive and noncognitive outcomes are deeply important to policymakers. However, because parental investments are arguably endogenous, estimating their importance empirically poses a challenge. To address this challenge, this paper exploits a rich and novel dataset, the China Family Panel Studies, and proposes a culture-specific instrumental variable based on the Chinese zodiac. By comparing the outcomes of children born just before and just after the cutoff for a “lucky” (or ‘unlucky’) zodiac sign, we find that parents' investments have significant effects on offspring's development of both cognitive and noncognitive skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 3","pages":"877-920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sick pay and absence from work: Evidence from flu exposure","authors":"Jakub Grossmann","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecot.12404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sick pay systems are critical in balancing the economic and health costs of infectious diseases, especially in workplaces, where uncontrolled disease spread can lead to significant economic losses. Surprisingly, most research on sick-pay reforms does not rely on variation in worker exposure to disease when investigating absences from work. This paper studies the effects of exposure to influenza outbreaks on absences from work when a nation-wide policy canceled health-insurance coverage for the first 3 days of illness. We explore geographic variation in the prevalence of infectious diseases, primarily the seasonal flu, to identify corresponding variations in the need for sickness insurance. Estimates based on the Czech Structure of Earnings Survey imply that when sickness insurance was canceled for the first 3 days of an illness, the total hours of work missed were not affected, but employees relied on paid and unpaid leave instead of sick-leave to stay home. The substitution effects are heterogeneous across occupations and socio-demographic characteristics of employees, and suggest that workers did not increase the spread of infectious illness in workplaces due to a lack of insurance coverage for the first 3 days of an illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"32 3","pages":"845-875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}