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Do Firms Pollute Less in Special Economic Zones? Firm-Level Evidence From China 经济特区的企业污染少吗？来自中国的企业层面证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12445
Lihua Zhang, Tian Gan, Zheng Xu
{"title":"Do Firms Pollute Less in Special Economic Zones? Firm-Level Evidence From China","authors":"Lihua Zhang,&nbsp;Tian Gan,&nbsp;Zheng Xu","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using micro-level data, this paper examines the effects of special economic zones (SEZs) on firms' pollution emissions in China. Our results show that the establishment of SEZs in China lowers SEZ firms' air pollution by at least 13%. Incumbents play the major role in generating this effect. Surrounding non-SEZ firms' emissions also decrease through spillover effects. We also employ the boundary discontinuity difference-in-differences (BD-DID) approach to tackle the endogeneity problem. Our results are robust when focusing on SEZs whose boundaries are more exogenous to local firms. SEZs' export promotion, innovation stimulation, environmental regulation and public abatement facilities potentially contribute to these effects.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"741-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attack on Climate: The Persistent Effects of Authoritarianism on Climate Policy Equilibria 对气候的攻击：威权主义对气候政策平衡的持续影响
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12446
Vlad Surdea-Hernea
{"title":"Attack on Climate: The Persistent Effects of Authoritarianism on Climate Policy Equilibria","authors":"Vlad Surdea-Hernea","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, I examine whether exposure to authoritarian rule, which often focuses on preventing the emergence of pro-environmental groups that might threaten regime stability, persists after regime collapse and the onset of democratisation. Empirically, I exploit the post-World War II division of Germany into two states, one of which became a liberal democracy and the other a Soviet-style autocracy, in a geographic regression discontinuity design. I show that districts from the former East have lower climate policy equilibrium levels, which means that more climate-ambitious political parties are less likely to receive strong electoral support. Crucially, these effects are independent of East Germans' preferences over other political conflicts, suggesting that authoritarian rule had a direct and persistent effect on environmental attitudes. Moreover, I show that the authoritarian legacy also manifests itself in increased polarisation over climate change policies, which, combined with lower demand for such measures, makes the former East Germany a breeding ground for climate-sceptical political parties.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"719-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capital market distortions and skills demand in a transitional economy: The case of Vietnam 转型经济中的资本市场扭曲和技能需求：以越南为例
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12444
Diep Phan, Ian Coxhead
{"title":"Capital market distortions and skills demand in a transitional economy: The case of Vietnam","authors":"Diep Phan,&nbsp;Ian Coxhead","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We model and investigate differences in factor demand by private and state-owned enterprises in Vietnam, an economy in transition, to market-driven growth. We postulate that state firms, who have privileged access to financial capital and face lower borrowing costs, choose technologies that are capital intensive and demand more skilled labour, a complementary input, while private firms rely on low-technology methods and less-skilled labour. Propositions generated by the model are supported by analysis using data from Vietnam's enterprise census. Because the private sector is by far the larger employer, a more level capital market playing field would likely raise aggregate demand for skills, thereby strengthening incentives to invest in higher education.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"695-717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural change and inequality in a general equilibrium model of a transition economy 转型经济一般均衡模型中的结构变化和不平等
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12443
Joanna Tyrowicz, Krzysztof Makarski, Jan Lutynski
{"title":"Structural change and inequality in a general equilibrium model of a transition economy","authors":"Joanna Tyrowicz,&nbsp;Krzysztof Makarski,&nbsp;Jan Lutynski","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper studies the role of economic transition in the evolution of wealth inequality. We build a novel overlapping generations model that features heterogeneous workers and exogenous changes: (i) a structural change shifting employment from manufacturing to services and increasing educational attainment, (ii) TFP growth along the path of macroeconomic convergence and (iii) gains in longevity. Using this model, we quantify the role of structural change in the evolution of wealth inequality in Poland as of 1990. We show that a rise in wealth inequality because of growing longevity is lower in an economy undergoing structural change. Thus, structural change per se lowers wealth inequality, at least initially. We also provide an evaluation of a policy-relevant redistribution instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"667-693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Price and welfare effects of tariffs and non-automatic import licences. Evidence for Argentina for the period 2002–2012 关税和非自动进口许可证对价格和福利的影响。2002-2012年期间阿根廷的证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12441
Pedro Esteban Moncarz
{"title":"Price and welfare effects of tariffs and non-automatic import licences. Evidence for Argentina for the period 2002–2012","authors":"Pedro Esteban Moncarz","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since 2005 and especially after the global crisis of 2009, Argentina has reversed some of the economic reforms implemented between 1991 and 2001. Due to restrictions on changing import tariffs, the government at the time turned to the implementation of non-tariff measures, the most important of which was the introduction of non-automatic import licences. Our objective is to analyse the impact of changes in import barriers on consumer welfare from 2002 to 2012, specifically measured by the change in consumer prices. The results suggest that the changes in import barriers led to an increase in the prices of both domestic and imported products. Despite a moderate overall effect, there is heterogeneity across sectors. Changes in non-automatic licences account for most of the impact. The price increase is mainly due to the quality and variety channels of imported goods, with the unit value of imports playing a lesser role. At the household level, all experienced a welfare loss, which increases with the level of per capita expenditure.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"617-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence of state-owned enterprise and entry mode choice of foreign firms: Evidence from China 国有企业盛行与外资企业进入模式选择：来自中国的证据
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12442
Tan Li, Faqin Lin, Mohan Zhou, Ting Zhu
{"title":"Prevalence of state-owned enterprise and entry mode choice of foreign firms: Evidence from China","authors":"Tan Li,&nbsp;Faqin Lin,&nbsp;Mohan Zhou,&nbsp;Ting Zhu","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the choice of entry mode between joint ventures (JVs) and wholly owned foreign enterprises (WOFEs) of foreign-invested firms in China. Using firm data from 1998 to 2007, we find that foreign firms are more likely to choose JVs over WOFEs when the state influence measured by the prevalence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the target location is higher. The positive association between the probability of choosing JV and state influence is robust after using the “156 projects” as an instrument for SOE prevalence. Second, foreign firms are more inclined to form a JV with state capital rather than private capital, which provides supporting evidence that the role of local Chinese partners is to manage corporate–government relations. We then examine the performance of foreign-invested firms in China and find that, compared with WOFEs, JVs indeed have higher total factor productivity (TFP) and TFP growth and benefit from higher income and profits.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"647-665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investing like conglomerates? When local governments diversify beyond public services 像企业集团那样投资？当地方政府在公共服务之外进行多元化时
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12440
Warren Bailey, Jianchao Fan, Jing Liu, Yinggang Zhou
{"title":"Investing like conglomerates? When local governments diversify beyond public services","authors":"Warren Bailey,&nbsp;Jianchao Fan,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Yinggang Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine government decision-making by studying Chinese local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), an often-criticized funding and investment channel. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between LGFV diversification and subsequent local economic growth confirmed by identification using policy and regulatory events. The inverted U-shape is stronger when local economic development or government indebtedness is higher. The degree of diversification reflects career concerns and decision-making biases of local political leaders. Thus, bad economic outcomes follow when local governments venture beyond public services, borrow aggressively and invest in too many businesses. Our findings echo the empirical literature on corporate conglomerates.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"583-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social trust and formal institutions: How do they shape public debt? 社会信任和正式制度：它们如何影响公共债务？
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12438
Sagnik Bagchi, Sayantan Bandhu Majumder
{"title":"Social trust and formal institutions: How do they shape public debt?","authors":"Sagnik Bagchi,&nbsp;Sayantan Bandhu Majumder","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigates the impact of varying levels of social trust across economies on the development of effective formal institutions that serve to determine public debt. Analysing a sample of 95 economies from 2000 to 2020, our econometric results indicate that social trust is a pivotal determinant of public debt. The effect operates indirectly through the quality of various categories of legal system and property rights indicator. In particular, the results reveal that the relationship between social trust and economic-judicial institutions are complementary to each other. In addition, we also find that countries with higher social trust tend to reduce their primary deficit in the face of higher debt, thereby reducing the likelihood of uncontrollable debt scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"519-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do bigger farms suffer less from corruption? Anti-corruption efforts and the recovery of livestock production 大农场受腐败影响少吗？反腐败努力和畜牧业生产的恢复
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12439
Rustam Rakhmetov, Thomas Herzfeld
{"title":"Do bigger farms suffer less from corruption? Anti-corruption efforts and the recovery of livestock production","authors":"Rustam Rakhmetov,&nbsp;Thomas Herzfeld","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A transparent and reliable business environment, free from corruption, is essential for agricultural development. However, the impact of corruption control on productive activities remains ambiguous. While corruption can facilitate transactions in an overly regulated environment, its control is also crucial for creating transparency and fostering economic progress. This paper examines how different organizational farm structures respond to corruption control in a long-term dynamic specification. Using a unique dataset of an objective corruption control measure and livestock production at the subnational level in Kazakhstan and Russia, the analysis reveals that the relationship between production growth and corruption control is non-linear and differs across household farms, peasant farmers and agricultural enterprises. We find peasant farms exhibit superior average growth in regions with stronger corruption control than other farm structures in regions with weaker corruption control. Conversely, enterprises report lower production growth in regions with intensified anti-corruption measures in the short run, yet they eventually benefit from stronger corruption control in the long run. Livestock production by small household producers positively correlates with anti-corruption initiatives, but this association wanes over time. This paper unravels the intricate dynamics surrounding corruption control and different business structures, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of their interrelationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 3","pages":"553-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.12439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing China's economic performance through government hierarchy restructuring 通过政府结构调整优化中国经济运行
IF 1 4区 经济学
Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12437
Qurat ul Ain
{"title":"Optimizing China's economic performance through government hierarchy restructuring","authors":"Qurat ul Ain","doi":"10.1111/ecot.12437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12437","url":null,"abstract":"<p>China's Province-managing-county (PMC) reform policy aims to mitigate fiscal stress and augment expenditure autonomy for county governments by eradicating the subordinate fiscal relationship between prefectures and counties. The research augments the time-varying difference-in-difference technique, utilizing a longitudinal dataset at the county level to examine the incentive effects of this reform on economic performance and local government policy decision. The empirical investigation divulges that the local fiscal incentives introduced by this reform through alleviating fiscal stress and providing expenditure autonomy significantly impact economic performance and influence local government policy decisions. The outcomes become more noticeable in economically developed regions and those characterized by enhanced institutional quality and reduced migration barriers. Additionally, the reform encourages counties to adopt a more proactive fiscal policy characterized by increased capital expenditure to promote economic performance while reducing expenditures on social security subsidies and administrative costs affirming that economic performance targets of county governments garbles the composition of public expenditure. These results support positing that a flattened hierarchical structure ameliorates delays in fiscal matters and facilitates communication across various levels of government in the context of improved institutional quality and reduced migration barriers however at the expense of reduced public expenditures. The findings additionally signifies that PMC policy reform become more incentivized in the political competition for economic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"33 2","pages":"487-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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