Economics of Transition and Institutional Change最新文献

Migration Restrictions Relaxation and Firm Skill Upgrading: Evidence From the Hukou Reform in China 放宽移民限制与企业技能提升：来自中国户籍改革的证据

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70034

Mengqi Niu, Min Dai

{"title":"Migration Restrictions Relaxation and Firm Skill Upgrading: Evidence From the Hukou Reform in China","authors":"Mengqi Niu, Min Dai","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines how relaxing internal migration restrictions affects skill upgrading of firms in developing countries, leveraging the 2014 Hukou reform in China as a quasi-natural experiment [Correction added on 30 May 2026, after first online publication: the preceding sentence has been corrected to “…leveraging the 2014 Hukou reform in China as a quasi-natural experiment.”]. In China, the <i>Hukou</i> reform in 2014 significantly eliminated internal migration obstacles in cities with populations below 5 million, whereas the migration obstacles in megacities remained unaffected. Utilising a difference-in-differences method, the empirical findings reveal that the relaxation of migration restrictions has significantly facilitated firms' skill upgrading as measured by the employment share of highly educated employees. The effect is more salient among firms facing more stringent financing constraints, labour-intensive firms and state-owned firms. Mechanism analysis indicates that the reform lowered settlement thresholds in treated cities, enabling firms to attract more educated employees without notable wage increases. Additionally, relaxing migration restrictions has boosted firms' total factor productivity (TFP), suggesting that greater labour mobility not only facilitates skill upgrading but also improves efficiency. These findings provide insights into the role of relaxing migration restrictions in addressing skill mismatches and fostering productivity growth in developing economies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 4","pages":"725-740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Women Make Better Borrowers and Loan Officers? Evidence From Afghanistan 女性是更好的借款人和信贷员吗？来自阿富汗的证据

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70033

Mustafa Disli, Shakir Jalaly, Laurent Weill

{"title":"Do Women Make Better Borrowers and Loan Officers? Evidence From Afghanistan","authors":"Mustafa Disli, Shakir Jalaly, Laurent Weill","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores how gender is associated with microfinance loan performance in Afghanistan, a conservative and conflict-affected society. We use data from over 9500 borrowers across Taliban- and government-controlled areas for the period from January 2017 to February 2020, before the 2021 Taliban takeover. We analyse how borrower and loan officer gender are related to loan outcomes. Contrary to prevailing literature, our findings reveal that female borrowers exhibit lower loan performance compared to male borrowers, which we attribute to structural barriers such as restricted mobility, limited business opportunities and poor access to education. Female loan officers are associated with higher loan performance on average. A key finding is evidence for a matching channel: female borrowers are substantially less likely to default when paired with female loan officers, and this effect is particularly pronounced in government-controlled areas. The results highlight the value of gender-sensitive staffing and borrower-officer assignment policies for microfinance in challenging environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 4","pages":"659-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecot.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bank Deregulation, Financial Constraints, and the Decline in Labour Share: Evidence From China 银行放松管制、金融约束与劳动收入占比下降：来自中国的证据

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70039

Shuling Lu, Qicong Sun, Ming-ang Zhang

{"title":"Bank Deregulation, Financial Constraints, and the Decline in Labour Share: Evidence From China","authors":"Shuling Lu, Qicong Sun, Ming-ang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the impact of bank deregulation on the labour share of income in China. In 2009, the Chinese government substantially reduced market entry barriers for joint-stock and urban commercial banks, triggering a wave of expansion among small- and medium-sized bank branches. Using firm-level data from 2000 to 2013 and the stacked difference-in-differences approach, we find that bank deregulation significantly reduces firms' labour shares. The effect is more pronounced in industries with greater dependence on external financing, as well as among nonstate-owned enterprises and small and medium-sized firms. Mechanism analysis suggests that expanded branch entry alleviates firms' financial constraints, leading to increased asset investment, which crowds out wage payments because of limited internal liquidity. The entry of banks also reshapes industrial composition by attracting more capital-intensive firms. These findings highlight that credit market reforms may be important yet underexplored contributors to the decline in labour share in developing economies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 4","pages":"635-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement in Communal Property Rights, Collateralisability and Agriculture Productivity 改善公有产权、可抵押性和农业生产力

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70038

Chengrui Xiao, Shuping Qiu, Bo Zhou

{"title":"Improvement in Communal Property Rights, Collateralisability and Agriculture Productivity","authors":"Chengrui Xiao, Shuping Qiu, Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Communal land tenure, which only grants partial property rights to farm operators, is adopted in many countries. Communal property rights thereby have a limited collateralizability to support credit transactions and thus can impede productivity. This paper provides an insight into how agricultural productivity responds to an improvement in property rights of communal land, that is, the endorsement of collateralizability. We exploited the farmland operational right (FOR) pilot reform in China in 2015, which allows operational rights of communal farmland to be utilised as collateral to obtain loans from banks. The findings suggest that the agricultural productivity was significantly increased by around 2 percent in pilot counties. The increased agricultural productivity appears to be associated with enhanced access to credit and improved transferability of communal farmland. Our analysis further reveals that local governments with stable fiscal sustainability and close connections to the provincial governments benefited greatly from the FOR pilot reform with respect to agricultural productivity. China provides an institutional innovation of lifting restrictions on communal property rights without fundamentally altering land ownership to other countries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 4","pages":"741-759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Freely (Un)Equal (联合国)自由平等

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70035

Matteo Migheli

引用次数: 0

How Bank Credit Boosts the High-Quality Energy Development of Private Enterprises: The Interplay of Leverage Choice and Credit Allocation 银行信贷如何促进民营企业能源高质量发展：杠杆选择与信贷配置的相互作用

IF 1.6 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-09-08 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70040

Chonghui Zhang, Zixu Guo, Dongyu Xu, Tomas Balezentis

{"title":"How Bank Credit Boosts the High-Quality Energy Development of Private Enterprises: The Interplay of Leverage Choice and Credit Allocation","authors":"Chonghui Zhang, Zixu Guo, Dongyu Xu, Tomas Balezentis","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-quality economic development is a prerequisite for sustainable growth. The key role is played by private companies in this domain. However, private companies often face difficulties in achieving high-quality development due to leverage control and/or credit constraints. Focusing on the bank credits, this study uses micro data of Chinese private companies from 2017 to 2022. By exploring the issues of leverage choice and allocation traps, we provide empirical evidence on how to promote the high-quality development of these firms. The benchmark regression indicates that increasing leverage can promote the high-quality development of private enterprises. In addition, the credit constraints are binding with respect to high-quality development. Second, the mechanism analysis reveals that the bank credit allocation bias exerts a negative effect, thereby weakening the role of leverage in promoting the high-quality development of private enterprises. Third, results suggest that private enterprises can enhance profitability or expand operation scale to mitigate the adverse effects of the credit allocation bias. The government policies can also be effective as suggested by the difference-in-difference model. Based on these results, policy implications are proposed for government, banks and private enterprises.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 4","pages":"761-772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing Credit Constraints Under Competitive Pressure From the Informal Sector 管理非正规部门竞争压力下的信贷约束

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70029

Dorgyles C. M. Kouakou

引用次数: 0

Supply-Induced Litigation and the Role of Informal Institutions 供给诉讼与非正式制度的作用

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70028

Tingting Peng, Chun-Yu Ho, Shaoqing Huang, Mingda Zhang

引用次数: 0

Brain Drain and Productivity Growth: Evidence From South Africa, 1947–2019 人才流失和生产率增长：来自南非的证据，1947-2019

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70031

Johannes Fedderke, Xiaodi Dong

引用次数: 0

Conversion Factors in the Financial Capabilities of Extremely Poor and Segregated Roma Families 极端贫困和隔离罗姆家庭经济能力的转换因素

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Economics of Transition and Institutional Change Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/ecot.70027

Andreász Kosztopulosz, György Málovics, Boglárka Berki, Remus Creţan

{"title":"Conversion Factors in the Financial Capabilities of Extremely Poor and Segregated Roma Families","authors":"Andreász Kosztopulosz, György Málovics, Boglárka Berki, Remus Creţan","doi":"10.1111/ecot.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article investigates financial capabilities and the role of conversion factors in the financial situation of segregated Roma families. We examine how these strategies are linked to stigmatisation and spatial segregation, pushing forward existing theories on financial capabilities of segregated Roma people. Building on a long-term collaborative process, we conducted semi-structured interviews with current and former residents of two urban segregated Roma neighbourhoods in Hungary, complemented with the data generated during our long-term observations and recorded in our research diaries. Our results show that if the aim is to promote the social inclusion of extremely poor, stigmatised and segregated Roma, it is more appropriate to focus on conversion factors emphasised by the concept of financial capability, mainly related to segregation, poverty and stigmatisation, rather than on the individual factors. Exploring these factors can lead to a meaningful understanding of the situation of the people concerned and to the formulation and development of policies that can support their financial inclusion and well-being.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":40265,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Transition and Institutional Change","volume":"34 3","pages":"445-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0