{"title":"La ambigüedad en el lenguaje jurídico: su diagnóstico e interpretación a través de la Lingüística Forense","authors":"A. Hidalgo","doi":"10.1344/AFEL2017.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL2017.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"Como variante diastratica derivada del lenguaje general, el lenguaje juridico experimenta en muchos casos problemas de interpretacion similares a los de la lengua estandar: por su naturaleza especifica, surgen no pocas veces dudas en cuanto a la percepcion del significado preciso de un determinado texto (o fragmento de texto). Ante este problema se hace prioritaria la necesidad de recurrir al asesoramiento de peritos o expertos en diversas areas de conocimiento relacionadas con dicho problema, uno de los cuales deberia ser el perito linguista, cuya actividad se desarrolla en el marco de la denominada linguistica forense . Planteada asi la disyuntiva de interpretacion, si la cuestion radica en la necesidad de aclarar la duda sin la concurrencia de partes interesadas o enfrentadas, el problema no ira mas alla de la propia necesidad de aclaracion, y la labor del perito o asesor linguista respondera entonces a un papel de servicio social o particular (por ejemplo, en los casos de asesoramiento para la redaccion o interpretacion de un contrato). Otra cuestion es si dicha necesidad de aclaracion lleva anexados intereses particulares enfrentados, en cuyo caso es probable que lo que a priori fuera un mero problema linguistico acabe convirtiendose en problema juridico cuya resolucion quede supeditada a los tribunales; en esta situacion la intervencion del perito linguista puede ayudar a demostrar (y argumentar) convincentemente, con ayuda de herramientas y explicaciones linguisticas, que direccion interpretativa permite resolver la ambiguedad. El presente trabajo se propone, pues, a partir de un caso practico de ambiguedad, ofrecer una serie de pautas linguisticas (ortograficas, morfosintacticas, lexico-semanticas, discursivo-textuales, etc.) capaces de favorecer la resolucion de tal ambiguedad: se trata de realizar un diagnostico de por que surgen los problemas de ambiguedad, determinando operativamente su tipologia y ofreciendo, adicionalmente, orientaciones utiles para superar sus dificultades.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46191705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algunas observaciones sobre el seseo en el español de los inmigrantes rusos en Cataluña","authors":"Andrei Tereshchuk","doi":"10.1344/AFEL2017.7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL2017.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo sobre el fenomeno del seseo observado en el espanol de los inmigrantes rusos que residen en la Comunidad autonoma de Cataluna. El autor analiza los datos acerca de la presencia del seseo en el espanol hablado en esta region. Se comparan diferentes puntos de vista sobre la ensenanza del espanol como lengua extranjera. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan segun las variables «sexo» y «nivel de estudios». El autor llega a la conclusion de que la mayoria de los inmigrantes rusos en Cataluna son seseantes; la distincion a menudo es observada en el habla de las mujeres con ensenanza superior.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La puntuación del texto jurídico: norma, estilo y estrategia","authors":"José Antonio González Salgado","doi":"10.1344/AFEL2017.7.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL2017.7.4","url":null,"abstract":"La falta de claridad de muchos textos juridicos es una queja que esta muy extendida entre los ciudadanos. Aunque son varios los factores (linguisticos y extralinguisticos) que contribuyen a acrecentar la opacidad de los documentos del ambito legal, el problema mas grave podria resolverse con un adecuado empleo de signos de puntuacion. El caso mas evidente se observa en la tendencia al abuso de oraciones subordinadas concatenadas, una practica que ocasiona graves problemas de comprension, pero que muchas veces se solventaria con una oportuna organizacion de los parrafos (uso de unos signos en lugar de otros). En otras ocasiones, la puntuacion es la causante de interpretaciones no deseadas o de ambiguedades, bien porque se emplean signos inapropiados, bien porque su colocacion no es la pertinente. En esta contribucion, repasamos las incorrecciones que se cometen con mayor frecuencia en el uso de signos de puntuacion en los textos juridicos y damos cuenta de algunos casos en que se ve afectada la interpretacion y la legibilidad de los textos (fundamentalmente, comas que alteran el sentido de las oraciones y ausencia de puntos para jerarquizar la informacion).","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lengua y derecho: perspectivas de estudio","authors":"M. Panizo, Anna López Samaniego","doi":"10.1344/AFEL2017.7.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL2017.7.3","url":null,"abstract":"El derecho es una actividad profesional esencialmente linguistica. Desde los anos 80 han proliferado estudios que han analizado las relaciones entre linguistica y derecho desde perspectivas diversas. El presente documento revisa la s principales areas de investigacion que se enmarcan en este vasto campo de estudio y presenta los articulos que conforman este volumen: cinco trabajos que constituyen dos bloques tematicos netamente diferenciados. El primero presenta dos muestras de como la linguistica puede ponerse al servicio de la resolucion de problemas juridicos; el segundo ofrece la perspectiva del jurista sobre como un mejor conocimiento del lenguaje e incluso de otros lenguajes ajenos al derecho puede aplicarse a la mejora de la co municacion en el ambito judicial.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La formación lingüística de los futuros juristas en España","authors":"Cristina Carretero González","doi":"10.1344/AFEL2017.7.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL2017.7.8","url":null,"abstract":"En estas paginas se aborda la escasa formacion linguistica de los futuros juristas en Espana. Esta formacion insuficiente resulta una verdadera paradoja en el caso de estos profesionales que deben manejar con soltura la palabra tanto de forma oral como escrita. Se exponen algunos de los errores comunes cometidos por los juristas en su expresion. Proponemos recomendaciones que tiendan a suplir las carencias detectadas y que contribuyan a la formacion real de los juristas en materia linguistica. A continuacion, se han estudiado diversas iniciativas, tanto publicas como privadas, que se producen en este campo formativo. Posteriormente, nos centramos en el analisis de algunos modelos de ensenanza que incluyen, con diverso grado de dedicacion, formacion en el dominio del lenguaje por parte de los juristas.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"149-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45770293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Europeismes fràsics en el llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs. Estudi diacrònic i contrastiu","authors":"Maria Conca Martínez, Josep Guia i Marin","doi":"10.1344/afel.2015.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/afel.2015.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"En aquest treball ens hem proposat analitzar alguns dels europeismes fràsics presents al Llibre de paraules e dits de savis e filòsofs (entre 1291 i 1295) de Jafudà Bonsenyor, metge jueu de Barcelona. Es tracta d’una obra escrita en llengua catalana, a partir de “llibres aràbics”, útil per a l’estudi de la transmissió sapiencial d’Orient a Occident, a través d’Al Àndalus i Catalunya. Per a l’anàlisi, hem aplicat el mètode de concordances fràsiques, a partir del qual hem seleccionat, descrit, documentat, contrastat i validat deu proverbis com a europeismes. Ens ha interessat sobretot la localització i comparació de les codificacions en llatí medieval i llengües europees de l’època estudiada (segles XIII, XIV i XV).","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66360894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of pragmatic inferencing in causing semantic change","authors":"M. Grygiel","doi":"10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic change does not have to be viewed as a linear and historical phenomenon. Meaning is dynamic by its very nature and semantic variability can be primarily traced in synchronic pragmatic processes such as inferencing. The aim of the following study is to illustrate the thesis that without interactionally-induced and cognitively-motivated polysemy one cannot account for the fine-grained step-by-step developments that are attested by detailed analyses of texts and contexts over time. The semantic developments presented here seem to show that semantic change is embedded in larger contextual units such as sentence, text or discourse rather than being lexically-confined. From this perspective, the semantic change itself appears as a multi-directional and pragmatically conditioned meaning configuration.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"115-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66361751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generoaren eragina oinarrizko emozioetan","authors":"Iñaki Gaminde Terraza, Urtza Garay Rui, Aintzane Etxebarria Lejarreta, Asier Romero Andonegui","doi":"10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Only by understanding gender as behavior and not as biological characteristic, it can be said that gender is attached to identity, and because of this bond the concept of gender identity is arised to a concept that has language, history and culture features. In the current paper acoustic and voice quality features related to language have been examined in the communication of emotions. For this purpose, surveys were made to 136 informants who were selected from South Basque Country, and all in all a corpus formed by 408 sentences was collected. These informants were told to repeat a semantically neutral sentence in their own language variety by simulating basic emotions. One of the results of this study, among others, shows statistically that the general use of voice quality is significantly different between two genders when emotions are being expressed.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66361384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specialised language varieties: When a cognitive framework can explain semantic changes","authors":"Begoña Crespo","doi":"10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore the role of semantic change in the creation and development of scientific, and the interaction between this and common everyday language. To this end, the theoretical tenets of Dik Geraeerts’s Diachronic Prototype Semantics plus ideas on the influence of cognitive linguistics (George Lakoff) on semantic change as developed by Gyori Gabor have been taken into account. The analysis of terms found in astronomy and history texts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reveals that metaphor is the fundamental cognitive mechanism involved in meaning shifts from scientific to common core vocabulary use.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"1 1","pages":"63-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66361403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mètode filològic i lingüística de corpus: Una intersecció profitosa (o com enfrontar-se a mostres del CICA d’interpretació difícil)","authors":"Mar Massanell i Messalles","doi":"10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/AFEL.2016.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"The technological advances in computing and the development of corpus linguistics have revolutionized the methodology of diachronic linguistics with undeniable benefits in terms of speed of data collection and volume and diversity of these data. Unlike the philological method, based on reading and rereading a text, computerized corpora accessed with automatic search tools provide in seconds a large amount of samples taken from hundreds of works that the investigator may not have read thoroughly. The lack of deep familiarity with both the content and the language system of the texts cannot affect the grammatical interpretation of many fragments, but in relevant cases can be misleading, as we illustrate with some examples. The cautious analysis of unexpected records and its extensive contextualization before venturing an interpretation can help us overcome this obstacle.","PeriodicalId":40232,"journal":{"name":"Anuari de Filologia-Estudis de Linguistica","volume":"34 1","pages":"27-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66361540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}