Particuology最新文献

{"title":"Hydrodynamic parameters and applications of circulating fluidized beds in wastewater treatment: A review","authors":"Aya A. Najim ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Radeef","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (GLS-CFB) technology for wastewater treatment by exploring its operational parameters and diverse applications for wastewater cleaning. The versatile CFB reactor system operates in both two-phase and three-phase modes, offering advantages for various industrial applications through distinct operational configurations. Incorporating the liquid phase into the standard gas-solid system of the three-phase GLS-CFB enables the study of reactions involving liquid media, gas-liquid interactions, and biochemical processes. These advanced features improve mass transfer and reaction control. GLS- CFB systems promote effective pollutant removal by enhancing the interaction between wastewater and treatment agents, which supports better microbial metabolism and pollutant transfer. The GLS-CFB system is efficient and compact, allowing for treating diverse wastewater types regardless of their size distribution. The novelty of this review lies in exploring the hydrodynamic properties of GLS-CFB and demonstrating its potential for scalable, efficient wastewater treatment across various industrial sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 190-206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of impeller rotational speed and paddle angle on binary mixing in a paddle mixer based on DEM","authors":"Defu Wang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yu,&nbsp;Zhijun Lv,&nbsp;Yanhui Song,&nbsp;Huinan Huang,&nbsp;Hui Tian,&nbsp;Haibo Wang,&nbsp;Baohao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discrete element method (DEM) and experimental measurements were employed to investigate the influence of impeller rotational speed and paddle angle on the mixing characteristics of two types of non-spherical particles in a paddle mixer. A close agreement between the simulation and experimental data was observed. By analyzing the motion of particles, it was found that a wide range of diffusion motion occurred when the particles pushed by the paddle blades rolled down the surface of the upper flowing layer of particles in the vessel, which caused the strong circumferential motion of particles, meanwhile promoted the axial movement of particles. The mixing characteristics were analyzed using relative standard deviation (RSD), velocity frequency distribution, diffusivity coefficient and Peclet numbers. The mixing process was accelerated at the rotational speeds of 15, 20, and 25 rpm, meanwhile the superior mixing performance was achieved at the paddle angles of 30° and 45° in the study. The fluidity of particles in circumferential direction was higher than that in axial direction. Diffusion was the prevailing mixing mechanism in the current mixing system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy on improving structural integrity of cobalt-free layered cathode material for sustainable lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Junhao Li,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Tang,&nbsp;Xinping Huang,&nbsp;Baoguo Yang,&nbsp;Qian He,&nbsp;Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, cobalt has emerged as a critical limiting factor in the production chain of the lithium-ion battery industry. The increasing demand for electric vehicles has made the dependence on cobalt in lithium-ion batteries a significant challenge for environmental sustainability. To address the problem, a new class of cobalt-free materials has been introduced, called lithium iron aluminium nickel oxides (NFA) cathode materials, with the general formula Li(Ni_0.8Fe_0.1Al_0.1)_1-xMg_1.5xO₂ (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015). In this work, a series of cobalt-free materials were synthesized via sol-gel processes, and variations in magnesium content were explored to investigate their compositional landscape. Electrochemical performance evaluations revealed that Mg²⁺ doping significantly improved the electrochemical properties of the material. Among them, samples prepared with 1.5 mol% Mg²⁺ doping (i.e. the value of 0.01 for x) exhibited the best cycling capacity. After 100 cycles at 0.1C, the capacity retention rate was found to be 80.71 %, with a specific capacity of 151.39 mAh g⁻¹, demonstrating remarkable rate capability and cycling stability. Although still in the nascent stages of the investigation, these cathodes hold potential as candidates for the next generation of cobalt-free lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray computed tomography (XCT) study of jetting in a fluidized bed: Effects of two-component fluidization","authors":"Zhong Xiang ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu ,&nbsp;Theodore J. Heindel","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluidization of non-spherical particles is commonly found in the biomass and solid waste processing industry, and the jetting characteristic above the aeration plate is critical to the fluidization performance of these particles. In this study, cylindrical particles are used as typical non-spherical particles and co-fluidized with small bed material particles. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to reconstruct the 3D structure of the aeration plate region, allowing for the identification of individual aeration jets. The effects of jet velocity (<em>U</em>_j), cylindrical particle mass fraction (<em>ω</em>), cylindrical particle density (<em>ρ</em>_i), and the cylindrical particle sphericity (<em>ϕ</em>) on jet shape and volume are investigated. The experimental results indicate that decreasing the cylindrical particle mass fraction (<em>ω</em>) and particle density (<em>ρ</em>_i) increases the jet length (<em>L</em>), maximum jet diameter (<em>D</em>), and maximum jet volume (<em>V</em>), but have little effect on the jet half angle (<em>θ</em>). The cylindrical particle density (<em>ρ</em>_i) is the most sensitive factor for jet shape, while the effect of cylinder particle sphericity (<em>ϕ</em>) on jet shape is insignificant. A correlation of jet length (<em>L</em>) in a two-component fluidized bed with cylindrical particles and bed material is proposed based on all the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 264-274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective lithium leaching from spent Li(MnyFe1-y)PO4 cathodes with gradient in-situ-oxidation of Na2S2O8","authors":"Hao Lei ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Longjin Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhidong Chang ,&nbsp;Hira Anwar ,&nbsp;Bin Dong ,&nbsp;Dekun Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Mingming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of lithium from spent lithium iron manganese phosphate batteries is crucial for the efficient utilization of lithium resources and for alleviating supply constraints. This study proposes a selective lithium recovery method using a Na₂S₂O₈ leaching system for spent lithium iron manganese phosphate battery cathodes. Na₂S₂O₈ was selected based on an analysis of the thermodynamic data of each component in the leaching system. Essential leaching parameters, including H₂SO₄ dosage, Na₂S₂O₈ dosage, leaching time, and leaching temperature were systematically investigated. The results showed that under the optimized experimental conditions, the lithium leaching rate reached 97.4 % with a selectivity of 96.24 %. The recovered Li₂CO₃ product meets battery grade requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different size ceramic balls on quartz grinding dynamics in batch ball mill","authors":"Yuqing Li ,&nbsp;Ningning Liao ,&nbsp;Caibin Wu ,&nbsp;Zepeng Lin ,&nbsp;Cong Luo ,&nbsp;Haowen Wu ,&nbsp;Jiexin Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinbo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of ceramic ball diameter on grinding performance of quartz crystal with different particle sizes in wet ball mill, and established a population-equilibrium model in quartz grinding process. The results show that the first-order crushing kinetic model can accurately describe the grinding behavior of quartz. The crushing rate of quartz mineral decreases with the decrease of the size of ceramic ball, but the crushing rate of small-size ceramic ball is less affected by the quartz feed size. On the other hand, quartz grinding products have obvious zero-order fine grain output characteristics in a short time, and with the decrease of ceramic ball diameter, the maximum grinding capacity of minerals increases first and then decreases. The grain size distribution of quartz grinding results can be calculated accurately by using the final quartz crushing parameters. The particle size distribution data simulated by the population balance model is in good agreement with the experimental data of quartz grinding process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of flight structures and baffle dam on particle behaviors and gas-solid heat exchange enhancement in a rotary drum","authors":"Yewei He ,&nbsp;Dianyu E ,&nbsp;Nien-Chu Lai ,&nbsp;Zeyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a waste heat recovery rotary drum with flights, particle lifting enhances gas-solid contact and introduces greater complexity to the particle motion. This study proposed strategies such as the segmentation and separation of flights (SSF) and the addition of baffle dams to establish a reasonable distribution of the particle curtain. A long drum model was developed, and DEM was employed to examine the effects of segment length, separation angle of flight, and position, height of baffle dam on particle motion and heat exchange capacity. The heat exchange efficiency of the system under the four special operating conditions was compared. The results showed that SSF enhanced the randomness of particle axial motion, while the development of the long drum model effectively identified the key factors influencing motion. The SSF formed a spiral-shaped particle curtain, exhibiting a high degree of particle distribution uniformity. The installation of the baffle dam enhanced the flight holding capacity and suppressed both transitional particle movement and backflow. With equivalent filling degree, compared to the uninterrupted flight, the SSF with bilateral baffle dam reduced the particle distribution non-uniformity by 61.72 %, while increasing the gas-solid contact area by 3.92 % and the bulk cooling temperature by 1.51 times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 104-117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study and experimental validation of copper powder plasma spheroidization process","authors":"M. Hossein Sehhat,&nbsp;Ming C. Leu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The powder characteristics, such as particle size and geometry, play an important role in determining the quality of powder layer and parts fabricated with powder-based additive manufacturing processes. Previous research has found that spherical particles result in better powder flowability and spreadability. An attempt to improve particle sphericity is to process the powder using plasma spheroidization, where the particles heat up, melt, and reshape to spheres. Several research works have been conducted to study the plasma spheroidization process and understand particle-plasma reactions. Although researchers have turned to simulations to overcome the difficulty of experimental study of such reactions, they only characterized the powder particle size without evaluating the particle geometry. In this work, the plasma spheroidization process of copper powder was numerically and experimentally examined to assess the impact of plasma spheroidization on particle size and geometry. For the first time in the literature, a method of simulation was proposed to numerically quantify the particle geometry at each particle residence time. The results of simulation agreed well with those of experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical CO2-mediated strategy for structural engineering of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts: Mechanisms and applications","authors":"Weiguang Xiong ,&nbsp;Dagui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaonian Hong ,&nbsp;Biaoqi Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfei Xu ,&nbsp;Ranjith Kumar Kankala ,&nbsp;Shibin Wang ,&nbsp;Aizheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the driving force of the “carbon cycle” goals, achieving efficient synthesis and precise functional regulation of catalytic materials while simultaneously addressing CO₂ resource utilization and environmental friendliness has become a central challenge in the fields of energy catalysis and pollution control. Traditional synthesis methods often face issues such as insufficient precision in microstructure regulation, high energy consumption in processes, and solvent pollution, while the inadequate exposure of active sites and low mass transfer efficiency of CO₂ conversion catalysts further hinder their large-scale application. In response to these challenges, supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO₂) technology, leveraging its unique physicochemical properties and green process characteristics, offers an innovative solution for the multi-scale structural design and performance optimization of catalytic materials. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which sc-CO₂ technology regulates micro/nano structures (e.g., defect engineering, hierarchical pore construction), modifies active sites (e.g., heteroatom doping), and enhances reaction kinetics in the synthesis of photo/electrocatalysts, revealing its key role in improving CO₂ reduction efficiency, pollutant degradation rates, and sensor sensitivity. Furthermore, it highlights that, future advancements in machine learning-driven process optimization, single-atom catalyst design, and reactor fluid dynamics innovation can overcome current limitations such as sensitivity to pressure-temperature conditions and insufficient material stability. This review provides a theoretical framework for developing sc-CO₂ synthesis technologies that combine atomic-level precision control with industrial feasibility, thereby advancing clean energy conversion and low-carbon manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 86-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced particle technologies in the preparation of dry powders for inhalation","authors":"Mingpu Yuan ,&nbsp;Jingkang Wang ,&nbsp;Richard Lakerveld ,&nbsp;Mingyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Na Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Hongxun Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug delivery via pulmonary inhalation can achieve targeted treatment by directly delivering the drugs to the area for treatment. The method is developing rapidly for the treatment of local and systemic diseases. However, dry powders for inhalation need to exhibit excellent aerodynamic performance. Particle size, morphology and density need to be tightly regulated to guarantee effective lung deposition and assure long-term chemical stability of the drug. In this work, the compositions and requirements of dry powders for inhalation are discussed. Furthermore, the state-of-art methods in particle technology for dry powders for inhalation, such as milling, droplet evaporation, direct crystallization, supercritical fluid and particle surface coating technologies, are reviewed. In addition, the application of process analytical techniques in the preparation of dry powders for inhalation, which can improve process capability and drug safety, is also discussed. Finally, current challenges in the field of dry powders for inhalation are discussed and some directional guidance is proposed to promote delivery efficiency, drug efficacy and process development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 118-140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}