Anales Galdosianos最新文献

{"title":"Homenaje a Alan E. Smith","authors":"Toni Dorca","doi":"10.1353/ang.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43678724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of the Antipodes: The Imperial Critique in Galdós's and Rizal's Portrayals of the Philippines","authors":"Leigh K. Mercer, William Arighi","doi":"10.1353/ang.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article focuses on how Benito Pérez Galdós's Novelas españolas contemporáneas and José Rizal's two completed novels portray the Philippines as an outlet for the antisocial behavior that threatened the modernization of the Spanish mainland. In the itineraries of Pedro Polo in Tormento and Ramón de Villaamil in Miau, as well as the social milieu described by Rizal, Peninsular Spaniards who voyage to the Philippines are represented as the undesirable elements of the post-Gloriosa Spanish state. But by transporting problems to one of the farthest flung outposts of the Spanish Empire, Galdós and Rizal demonstrate that the remedy Spain has chosen for its social ills (like clerical obscurantism and patriarchal domination) allows it to avoid the necessary internal reform that would prevent these problems from developing in the first place. Though from very different positions within the nineteenth-century Spanish Empire, the two authors both diagnosed late colonialism as a malady that kept Spanish society moribund even as it offered the illusion of a continual first contact that would reinvigorate the sick nation.Resumen:Este artículo se centra en las Novelas españolas contemporáneas de Benito Pérez Galdós, así como las dos novelas completas de José Rizal y su retrato de Filipinas, como escape para el comportamiento antisocial que atentaba contra la modernización de la España peninsular. En los itinerarios de Pedro Polo en Tormento y Ramón de Villaamil en Miau, los peninsulares que viajan a Filipinas representan los elementos indeseables para el estado español después de la Gloriosa. Al desplazar los problemas hasta uno de los lugares más recónditos del imperio español, Galdós y Rizal demuestran que el remedio que España ha elegido para sus males sociales (como el oscurantismo clerical y la dominación patriarcal) le permite esquivar la reforma interna necesaria que evitaría que estos problemas se desarrollasen en primer lugar. Ambos autores, aunque desde posiciones muy distintas en el imperio español decimonónico, diagnosticaron el colonialismo tardío como una enfermedad que mantenía moribunda a la sociedad española, incluso cuando ofrecía la ilusión de un primer contacto iterable que revitalizaría a la nación enferma.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"56 1","pages":"165 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41855980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(De)Pathologizing Lesbian Desire in Late Nineteenth-Century Spain","authors":"Jennifer Smith","doi":"10.1353/ang.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Discussions of \"tribadas,\" \"viragines,\" \"marimachos,\" \"hermafroditas,\" \"mujeres hombrunas,\" and \"lesbias\" appear in works by prominent nineteenth-century sexologists. Vicente Suárez Casañ's El amor lesbio (1892), seemingly the lengthiest account on the topic of the time, insists on tying masculine lesbians, or marimachos, as he refers to them, to hermaphroditism. He also underscores the distinction between masculine and feminine lesbians, while revealing the persistent belief in spontaneous sex change and connections between lesbians and witches. While Eduardo López Bago's La Pálida (1884) and La monja (1886) reproduce long-standing beliefs that tie lesbianism to prostitution, hysteria, convents, and sorcery, the radical naturalist conspicuously shies away from the figure of the butch lesbian or \"female hermaphrodite.\" In contrast, Emilia Pardo Bazán features a masculine lesbian associated with witchcraft as the eponymous protagonist of her short story \"Afra\" (1894). And in 1901 she publishes the column, \"Sobre ascuas,\" about the first gay marriage in Spain between two women in A Coruña. Although most of these medical, literary, and journalistic discourses appear, in some way, to endorse heteronormativity and patriarchy by pathologizing female same-sex desire, they all simultaneously deconstruct arguments about the naturalness of universal heterosexuality.Resumen:Discusiones acerca de \"tribadas,\" \"viragines,\" \"marimachos,\" \"hermafroditas,\" \"mujeres hombrunas,\" y \"lesbias\" aparecen en las obras de destacados sexólogos decimonónicos. El amor lesbio (1892) de Vicente Suárez Casañ, que parece ser el escrito más largo acerca del tema en la época, insiste en conectar las lesbianas masculinas, o marimachos, como él las denomina, al hermafroditismo. También subraya la distinción entre las lesbianas masculinas y femeninas, al mismo tiempo que revela la creencia persistente en el cambio de sexo espontáneo y la conexión entre lesbianas y brujas. Aunque La Pálida (1884) y La monja (1886) de Eduardo López Bago reproducen creencias antiguas que vinculan el lesbianismo a la prostitución, la histeria, los conventos y la hechicería, el naturalista radical ignora de forma ostensible la figura de la lesbiana butch o de la \"hermafrodita femenina.\" En cambio, Emilia Pardo Bazán presenta a una lesbiana masculina asociada con la brujería como la protagonista homónima de su cuento \"Afra\" (1894). Y en 1901 escribe la columna, \"Sobre ascuas,\" sobre el primer matrimonio gay en España entre dos mujeres en A Coruña. Aunque la mayoría de estos discursos médicos, literarios y periodísticos parecen, de alguna manera, apoyar la heteronormatividad y el patriarcado al patologizar el deseo homoerótico femenino, simultáneamente desconstruyen argumentos acerca de la naturalidad de la heterosexualidad universal.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"56 1","pages":"185 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47758857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nota del director de Anales Galdosianos / [Editor's Note]","authors":"Alan E. Smith","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"vii - vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masculinity, Affect, and Carlist Malestar in Zumalacárregui / [Masculinidad, afecto y malestar carlista en Zumalacárregui]","authors":"Cristina Delano","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1898, Galdós inaugurated the Third Series of the Episodios Nacionales with the publication of Zumalacárregui. Published in the midst of the escalating conflict with the United States, Galdós's novel revisits the foundational crisis of the liberal nation state: the First Carlist War. Galdós embeds the reader in the Carlist army through the point of view of José Fago, a military chaplain who abandons ecclesiastical life to become a soldier in an attempt to imitate his hero, the famed General Zumalacárregui. The tension between Fago's vocation and his frustrated desire for military glory provokes a crisis of identity and masculinity, which reveals Fago's emotionality. Dierdra Reber has proposed that the dominant episteme of the modern age is based on feelings, rather than logic; the thinking head of the Cartesian episteme has been replaced by the body that \"thinks\" by feeling. This essay analyzes how Galdós critiques Carlism through Fago's affective understanding of the war and the Cause. Galdós portrays Fago as a subject suffering from the \"effects\" of Carlism, a system that causes \"malestar,\" both emotionally and physically, for its followers.Resumen:En 1898, Galdós inauguró la Tercera Serie de los Episodios Nacionales con la publicación de Zumalacárregui. Publicada durante la intensificación del conflicto con los Estados Unidos, la novela vuelve a la crisis fundacional del estado nacional liberal: la Primera Guerra Carlista. Galdós enclava al lector en el ejército carlista desde la perspectiva de José Fago, un capellán militar que abandona la vida eclesiástica para hacerse soldado en un intento de imitar a su héroe, el insigne General Zumalacárregui. La tensión entre la vocación y el deseo por la gloria militar le provoca una crisis de identidad y masculinidad y revela la sensibilidad de Fago. Dierdra Reber ha propuesto que la episteme dominante de la época moderna se basa no en la lógica, sino en las emociones; la cabeza pensadora del sistema cartesiano ha sido reemplazado por un cuerpo que \"piensa\" con los sentimientos. El presente ensayo analiza cómo Galdós critica el carlismo a través del entendimiento afectivo de Fago sobre la guerra y la Causa. Galdós retrata a Fago como un sujeto que sufre de los \"efectos\" del carlismo, un sistema que produce malestar, tanto emocional como físico, en sus seguidores.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"13 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46928885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realism and the Complicated History of the Emotions in the Nineteenth Century: the Contribution of Galdós / [El realismo y la complicada historia de las emociones en el siglo XIX: La contribución de Galdós]","authors":"J. Labanyi","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The nineteenth-century novel is generally seen as depicting the friction between the characters' inner desires and the demands of society. This supposes that nineteenth-century realism retains the view of emotions as the expression of the inner self that developed in the Romantic period. Taking Galdós's 1884 novel Tormento as a case study, I propose that the realist novel anticipates contemporary emotion theory in its understanding of the emotions as relational, while, in the case of Tormento, also looking back to earlier emotional regimes. This view of Tormento as an emotional palimpsest is argued by reference to the theorization of the emotions by Monique Scheer, Eva Illouz and Sara Ahmed.Resumen:La novela realista decimonónica suele ser interpretada como la representación del conflicto entre los deseos íntimos de los personajes y las exigencias de la sociedad, lo cual significaría que el realismo decimonónico se atiene a la idea, desarrollada en la época romántica, de que las emociones son la expresión del yo interior. Mediante la consideración de la novela galdosiana Tormento, de 1884, propongo que la novela realista anticipa la visión relacional de las emociones que ha sido elaborada por la teoría de las emociones en la actualidad. Al mismo tiempo, veremos cómo Tormento se hace eco de regímenes emocionales anteriores. El análisis del resultante palimpsesto emocional se basará en la teorización de las emociones de Monique Scheer, Eva Illouz y Sara Ahmed.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"27 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66190529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confronting Earth's History: Deep Time in Marianela, Doña Perfecta, and La vuelta al mundo en la \"Numancia\" / [Confrontando la historia de la Tierra: el tiempo geológico en Marianela, Doña Perfecta, y La vuelta al mundo en la \"Numancia\"]","authors":"S. Sierra","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Environmental humanities explores behaviors and attitudes that facilitated the planetary climate crisis, looking especially at the growing divergence between human perception of time and the slower temporal processes of the natural, non-human world. In order to confront the imminent catastrophic conditions of a destabilized natural environment, it has become paramount to examine the development of behavioral stages in what is called the Anthropocene, to understand how Westernized cultures have envisioned humanity as disconnected or removed from the natural world. Fictional depictions expose the problematic interactions between a teleological view of human progress and the repercussions of such attitudes on the non-human natural world. In three of Benito Pérez Galdós's novels, Doña Perfecta, Marianela and La vuelta al mundo en la \"Numancia,\" Galdós portrays his characters' encounters with the earth's slow tempo with different outcomes that underscore his own developing understanding of human entanglement with the natural world.Resumen:Las humanidades ambientales exploran comportamientos y actitudes que han facilitado la crisis climatológica planetaria. La divergencia creciente entre la percepción humana del tiempo y los procesos temporales del planeta informa la crisis ambiental que amenaza a toda la humanidad. Para enfrentarse a las condiciones catastróficas de la desestabilización del medio ambiente es imprescindible examinar las etapas de lo que se denomina el Antropoceno, que nos ha llevado a considerar a la especie humana como desconectada de los procesos naturales. Las representaciones ficticias exponen la interacción problemática entre la perspectiva teleológica del progreso tecnológico humano y las consecuencias de tales actitudes en el mundo natural. En las obras analizadas aquí de Benito Pérez Galdós, Doña Perfecta, Marianela y La vuelta al mundo en la \"Numancia\", Galdós explora el enfrentamiento de sus personajes con el tiempo lento de la tierra y pone de manifiesto el desarrollo de su propia perspectiva sobre las relaciones entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"55 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44837195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Beata: Feminine Aging and Subjectivity in El doctor Centeno (1883) and Tormento (1884) / [Revelando la beata: la mujer envejecida y subjetividad en El doctor Centeno (1883) y Tormento (1884)]","authors":"Gabrielle Miller","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay considers two novels by Benito Pérez Galdós through the theoretical lenses of age studies and disability studies, analyzing in particular the textual presentation of Marcelina Polo. As a middle-aged woman in El doctor Centeno, Marcelina experiences her acute ugliness as a social disability that severely limits her agency and autonomy. While her transition to fanatical beata in Tormento is strongly censured by the novel's bourgeois narrator, Marcelina's beatería represents a perhaps unconscious revolt against the abnegated solterona role society has assigned her. Where nineteenth-century Spanish social and medical discourses framed feminine aging in apocalyptic terms of deterioration, Marcelina somewhat paradoxically experiences old age as liberating precisely because, as an elderly woman, her appearance and behavior are no longer subjected to mainstream expectations of (youthful) femininity.Resumen:Este ensayo se aproxima a dos novelas de Benito Pérez Galdós por los marcos teóricos de los estudios etarios y los estudios sobre discapacidad, centrándose en el personaje de Marcelina Polo. De edad mediana en El doctor Centeno, Marcelina experimenta su fealdad como una discapacidad social que restringe su agencia y autonomía. Aunque la transformación de Marcelina en beata que aparece en Tormento es censurada de manera considerable por el narrador, se puede leer su práctica de beatería como una rebelión contra las limitadas expectativas sociales de la mujer solterona en esta época. Aunque los discursos contemporáneos sociales y médicos convienen en describir el envejecimiento femenino como una decadencia patológica, Marcelina experimenta su propia vejez como liberadora precisamente porque nadie la juzga ya según las expectativas sociales dominantes de feminidad juvenil.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"39 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"De orilla a orilla\": Pan-Hispanism and Cuban Nationalism in Transatlantic Dialogue in Fortunata y Jacinta and Cecilia Valdés / [\"De orilla a orilla\": panhispanismo y nacionalismo cubano en diálogo transatlántico en Fortunata y Jacinta y Cecilia Valdés]","authors":"Kristina Soric","doi":"10.1353/ang.2020.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2020.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:After Cuban separatist Cirilo Villaverde sent a copy of his 1882 novel, Cecilia Valdés, to Benito Pérez Galdós, the Spanish realist responded with praise alongside a pointed reference to the novelists' differing views on Cuban nationalism. Two years later, Galdós would begin writing Fortunata y Jacinta, the plot and characters of which bear striking parallels to those of Villaverde's work. There exists little commentary on the influence of Cecilia Valdés in the peninsula and, particularly, on Galdós himself; however, when analyzed in dialogue with Cecilia Valdés, Fortunata y Jacinta, its characters, settings, and motifs, is illuminated as a response to Villaverde's anti-imperialist novel, and an expression of Galdós's own views of Spanish and Cuban nationalisms, or rather, a pan-Hispanic nationalism that unites them both.Resumen:Al recibir una copia de la novela Cecilia Valdés (1882) de Cirilo Villaverde, Benito Pérez Galdós le respondió con alabanzas a la vez que señalaba las diferencias de opinión de los dos respecto al nacionalismo cubano. Existen pocos estudios acerca de la influencia de Cecilia Valdés en la península y en Galdós en particular; sin embargo, cuando se analiza al lado de Cecilia Valdés, Fortunata y Jacinta (1886-1887), sus personajes, escenarios y motivos, se revela como una respuesta a la novela anti-imperial de Villaverde, y una expresión de la visión galdosiana de una nacionalidad panhispánica compartida entre metrópoli y colonia.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"55 1","pages":"69 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2020.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La recepción empírica de Benito Pérez Galdós en la red social digital \"Goodreads\" / The Empirical Reception of Benito Pérez Galdós in “Goodreads”","authors":"Álvaro Ceballos Viro","doi":"10.1353/ang.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ang.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen:En el presente artículo se estudia la recepción empírica de nueve novelas de Benito Pérez Galdós a partir de un corpus de 431 testimonios de lectura procedentes de la red digital social \"Goodreads\". Esas lecturas \"ordinarias\" presentan diferentes facetas. Demostramos, por un lado, la predominancia de las reacciones emocionales, a veces intensas, ya que muchos lectores dan a los personajes un trato familiar. Los atributos estilísticos de las novelas, a pesar de lo que ha podido afirmarse en alguna ocasión, desencadenan igualmente este tipo de respuestas afectivas. Observamos asimismo que, contra todo pronóstico, muchos lectores encuentran en Galdós claves sociales de la España actual. Por último, hacemos notar que las interpretaciones están a menudo influidas mucho menos por la crítica académica que por los paratextos editoriales y por nuevas autoridades hermenéuticas digitales, como Amazon Reviews y Wikipedia.Abstract:This article examines the empirical reception of nine novels written by Benito Pérez Galdós, based on a corpus of 431 reader comments published on the digital social network \"Goodreads.\" These statements by common readers provide insights into diverse reading practices. There is a predominance of emotional reactions, which are sometimes intense, since many readers relate intimately to the characters. Contrary to previous assumptions, the stylistic features of Galdós's novels also trigger this kind of affective responses. It was further unexpected that many readers find in these nineteenth-century novels key social elements of present-day Spain. Finally, the study found that readers' interpretations on \"Goodreads\" are much less influenced by academic criticism than by editorial paratexts and new digital hermeneutic authorities, like Amazon reviews and the Wikipedia.","PeriodicalId":40152,"journal":{"name":"Anales Galdosianos","volume":"54 1","pages":"31 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ang.2019.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41598415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}