Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny最新文献

{"title":"Migrants as Urban Actors. Interrelations of Urban and Migration Processes: Introduction","authors":"A. Fin, Aneta Kostrzewa","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.029.14449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.029.14449","url":null,"abstract":"The key theme of the presented volume are the mutual connections and relations between the migration processes and the city. The case studies collected herein aim not only at showing the parallels between the migration and urban processes, but above all they focus on two fundamental issues: first, they show the specificity of the city as a living environment for immigrants, together with the consequences of this presence for the transformation of urban space (both in the historical and the contemporary dimension); secondly, they describe various aspects of the presence, social organization and social practices of members of immigrant groups in the urban space. The history of migration processes basically overlaps with the history of the development of the cities and the formation and transformation of large metropolises. From the time of the first mass migrations, which we dealt with from the mid-nineteenth century, emigrants headed mainly to industrialized and urban areas, and the scientific literature emphasizes their important role in the transformation of urban space and the development of the cities (e.g Foner et al. 2014)3. The present days do not differ much from the past in this respect. Masses of migrants choose cities and large metropolises","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126652593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected Geographical and Tourist Aspects in the Assessment of the Quality and Standard of Living of Polonia in the Greater Toronto Area","authors":"Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.033.14453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.033.14453","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of life is commonly referred to as a determinant of well-being, contentment, happiness or a sense of satisfaction with one’s own existence. Often used interchangeably with the level, conditions or standard of living. Quality of life is the satisfaction of meeting all human needs. The main aim of this research is to determine the level and quality of life in terms of tourism by the Polish community living in the Greater Toronto Area, which includes the city of Toronto and four regions: Halton, Peel, York and Durham.The article will present its own model of objective factors (standard of living) and subjective factors (life quality) interacting with each other with a particular emphasis on geographic and tourism aspects. The main aim of this article is to show how the Polish community living in the Greater Toronto Area assesses the aspects related to tourism management in the city. The results of the study will be presented on the basis of a survey questionnaire conducted on 583 respondents. The respondents assessed, among other things, whether they were satisfied with the conditions of rest and relaxation in this city, public transport and the environmental quality. Respondents were also asked to evaluate the activity of Polish travel agencies operating in the Greater Toronto Area. The study will also address matters related to improving the quality of life and tourism development in the city. As indicated by the respondents, such activities as supporting existing tourist activities, expansion of bicycle paths or increasing sports and recreational infrastructure (i.e. construction projects of swimming pools, tennis courts) are the main needs in the city, which could contribute to the higher rated aspects of Toronto related to tourism. Data will be presented showing that in the Polish community in the last twelve months their household had enough income to cover the costs related to leisure, vacations, holidays or school breaks.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131694959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organized Immigrant Resources and Aspirations at the City Level of the Host Country – the Case of Casa do Brasil de Lisboa","authors":"Magdalena Gąsior","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.038.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.038.14458","url":null,"abstract":"This article looks at the Brazilian migrant association founded in 1992, functioning in the capital of Portugal, Casa do Brasil de Lisboa. Its origin is connected to the period of the first numerous stream of Brazilians coming to Portugal, the colonizer of their homeland in former times. Knowing that migrant networks are of great value to the process of immigrants’ integration into a host society – and a local community as well – Casa do Brasil de Lisboa is very active in this field. For instance, in partnership with the Lisbon City Council, this association offers guidance on the legalization of stay, and access to public and private services in Portugal. However, a large number of tasks undertaken by Casa do Brasil de Lisboa go far beyond this kind of guidance. Two editions of the project Migrante Participa (Migrant Participates) are a clear illustration of it. Each edition created opportunities to meet, gain knowledge, and share opinions on migratory process issues in the context of Portugal and Lisbon as well, encouraging political participation at the local level, for example. Casa do Brasil de Lisboa is also active in the field of culture, promoting Brazilian artists. What is more, this association is not closed for other nationalities and collaborates with various entities. To be more specific, therefore, the focus of this text is on presenting Casa do Brasil de Lisboa as a dynamic immigrant association working on increasing the level of integration and reducing the phenomenon of individual marginalization within the Lisbon community. As a theoretical framework of this text serves the concept of immigrants’ integration of Rinus Penninx.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115451585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York, the Mecca of the Art World. Initial Study on Polish Migrant Artists who Left for the United States, 1986–1995","authors":"Anna Rudek-Śmiechowska","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.034.14454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.034.14454","url":null,"abstract":"The paper strives to characterize the circle of Polish visual artists who left for the United States in the late 20th century and settled in New York City, where they continued their careers. For the purposes of the paper, the subject matter has been focused on an excerpt from an ample research problem i.e. the analysis of the history of the Polish American Artists Society (PAAS,) operating in New York from 1986 through 1995. Their activities form the basis for the analysis and constitute a database to construct a more profound picture of the organization. Therefore, the years in which PAAS operated shall also constitute the paper’s framework. To foster simplicity, the term ‘artist’ and ‘artists’ shall be used to refer to visual artists born in Poland who came to New York City mainly in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, permanently resided in the United States, and worked as visual artists, regardless of the technique they adopted, be it painters, sculptors, photographers, graphic artists, illustrators, performers, artistic fabric weavers, or video artists. The paper uses their micro-stories to illustrate the phenomenon behind the prolific community of Polish artists in New York City from 1986 through 1995. It is based on research on PAAS, which has become the basis for a monographic book about the Society.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131199741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concultural Practices of Young Ukrainians as a Challenge for the Intercultural Openness of Warsaw","authors":"Urszula Markowska‐Manista, M. Pietrusińska","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.043.14463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.043.14463","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional intercultural openness is a crucial part of urban inclusion policy towards migrants. In cities with a long history of social and cultural diversity such as Berlin, London or Amsterdam, intercultural openness provides migrants with full or partial participation, initiating activities in the metropolitan space, access to public resources, and social security. In Warsaw, a relatively new inflow of economic migrants from Ukraine, who constitute a large and heterogeneous group, has necessitated changes in municipal cultural and integration policies to facilitate the needs of the new group of recipients. In our article, we focus on results from 91 interviews with Ukrainian students living in Warsaw conducted between 2019 and 2020. We analyse whether, how and why young immigrants from Ukraine use the offer of Warsaw’s cultural institutions; what their expectations are and how their cultural participation is connected with their acculturation and integration. Our research shows that despite the fact that Warsaw tends to build up its culturally open policy for diverse participants, it is not adjusted to the needs of young Ukrainians. As a result, this new diaspora begins to create its own conculture (not to be confused with counterculture). We understand this phenomenon as a set of cultural practices initiated by a minority group of migrants in their new place of residence, which result from the national cultural script of this group. Through these practices, this group cultivates the community, without any connection to the dominant (national) culture of the wider society they belong to or in the space of which its members live. On the one hand, the diversification of a municipal cultural offer allows migrants to find their preferred places and events within Polish culture, although on the other hand, it creates a space for the development of concultural practices that can lead to ghettoisation.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polish Immigrants in the Social and Cultural Landscape of Reykjavik","authors":"M. Budyta-Budzyńska","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.036.14456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.036.14456","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of immigrants has the potential to produce significant changes in the social and cultural fabric of a city, although they may equally well remain essentially invisible. In the present article I discuss the presence of Polish immigrants in the urban space of Reykjavik. Since the first decade of the 21st century, Poles have been the largest non-native nationality in the island, this being the fourth such case in the world – aside from Norway, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The numerical dominance of Poles among immigrants to Iceland is such that immigrant, or foreigner, is frequently considered as synonymous to Pole. Does this predominance of Poles among immigrants translate to their visibility in the urban space? In what ways do they mark their presence? In the article I analyze the presence and activity of Poles in the spheres of culture, local politics, business and sports. I describe Polish organisations and associations, and events held by the Polish diaspora. Some of those are focused on cultivating the culture of the country of origin and on integration within the group, thus being typical Oddiseyan associations; the purpose of others is to facilitate the adaptation of Poles to the host society, and to promote Polish culture within the host society– thus they are reminiscent of Rubiconic associations, to refer to Daniel Joly’s wellknown classification. In the article I consider the question: which among the Polish initiatives have gained visibility among the hosts and have the potential to become relatively permanent fixtures of the cultural map of Reykjavik. Is the potential of the Polish diaspora in terms of organisation and culture sufficient to reach a wide audience of Icelanders and foreigners of other nationalities, and to gain their interest?","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128745299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century","authors":"M. Machowska","doi":"10.4467/25444972smpp.21.032.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.032.14452","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an introduction to the subject of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles, both within the broader context of the diaspora and a narrower one, presenting an analysis of the mutual relations between the Armenian community and the city.\u0000\u0000In the twenty-first century, Los Angeles has become home to the second largest urban population of Armenians in the world after Yerevan. It consists of three main groups: descendants of the first immigrants, refugees from the Middle East, and most recently, the so-called “Soviet” Armenians and immigrants from the Republic of Armenia. The construction of the Armenian Americans Museum will begin in the near future. The mission of the institution will be to document the experience of Armenian migration and to support the maintenance of ethnic identity among the next generations of the diaspora.\u0000\u0000In Glendale, an ethnoburb of Los Angeles, Armenian Americans make up 40 percent of the population. A significant proportion of the administrative decision-makers there come from the Armenian diaspora. The city is not only the informal second capital city for the Armenian global community, but also an incubator for its cultural project; in particular, it is a center of the Armenian music industry.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kryzys imigracyjny w 2015 roku a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne na przykładzie Republiki Federalnej Niemiec","authors":"Łukasz Łotocki","doi":"10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.028.14425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.028.14425","url":null,"abstract":"2015 roku miało miejsce apogeum kryzysu imigracyjnego na świecie, w tym w Europie. We wspomnianym roku liczba nielegalnych przekroczeń granic Unii Europejskiej wzrosła do 1 822 337 w porównaniu do 282 962 w 2014 roku. Podjęte wówczas na forum UE decyzje o realizacji mechanizmu relokacji i przesiedleń wywołały ostry konflikt polityczny. W sporze pojawiały się różne argumenty zwolenników i przeciwników przyjętych rozwiązań, w tym wiążące zaprojektowane mechanizmy z kwestią bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państw przyjmujących. W niniejszym artykule przyjęto założenie, że każda sytuacja kryzysowa wiąże się z zagrożeniami dla bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa, a jako cel postawiono identyfikację faktów i danych odnoszących się do związku między kwestią bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego a kryzysem imigracyjnym. Jako punkt odniesienia przyjęto sytuację w Republice Federalnej Niemiec. Główne pytania badawcze skoncentrowano na identyfikacji rozmiaru i struktury zagrożeń związanych z napływem osób niepożądanych, przestępczością, integracją zawodową imigrantów, sytuacją zdrowotną oraz utratą długofalowej kontroli nad procesami migracyjnymi. Metodą wykorzystaną w badaniu jest analiza danych zastanych. Z analizy wynika, że na przykładzie państwa niemieckiego można stwierdzić, iż największe zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego związane z kryzysem imigracyjnym dotyczyły takich kwestii, jak niekontrolowany napływ osób niepożądanych oraz przestępczość.\u0000\u0000Immigration crisis in 2015 and internal security on the example of the Federal Republic of Germany\u0000\u0000The year 2015 was the apogee of the immigration crisis in the world, including Europe. In this year the number of illegal border crossings in the European Union rose to 1 822 337 in comparison with 282 962 in 2014. The decisions taken at that time on the EU forum on the implementation of the relocation and resettlement mechanism caused a sharp political dispute. This dispute gave rise to various arguments for and against the adopted solutions, including binding designed mechanisms with the issue of internal security of host countries. This article assumes that any crisis situation involves threats to the internal security of the State, and aims to identify facts and data relating to the relationship between internal security and the immigration crisis. The situation in the Federal Republic of Germany is taken as a reference. The main research questions focused on the identification of the extent and structure of threats related to the influx of undesirable people, crime, labour market integration of immigrants, the health situation and the loss of long-term control over migration processes. The method used in the study is the desk research. The analysis shows that, based on the example of the German state, the greatest threats to internal security posed by the immigration crisis concerned issues such as uncontrolled inflows of unwanted persons and crime.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karol Królikowski (1806–1871) – paryski księgarz i wydawca Wielkiej Emigracji","authors":"Jerzy Kuzicki","doi":"10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.026.13852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.026.13852","url":null,"abstract":"Artykuł prezentuje działalność księgarską i wydawniczą Karola Królikowskiego, jednego z działaczy i wychodźców polskich po powstaniu listopadowym we Francji. Emigrant ten prowadził w Paryżu w latach 1844–1871 Księgarnię Katolicką, przemianowaną później na Księgarnię Polską. Artykuł powstał na podstawie korespondencji Karola Królikowskiego, znajdującej się w polskich i zagranicznych bibliotekach i archiwach. Ponadto wykorzystano prasę emigracyjną, katalogi księgarskie oraz opracowania naukowe. Z naszych dociekań wynika, że sortyment księgarski, początkowo skromny, z czasem wzrósł do kilkuset tytułów książkowych, prasowych i publicystycznych. Oferta księgarska stale była poszerzana, o czym decydowały intensywne kontakty z księgarzami z Poznania, Krakowa oraz Paryża, Berlina, Wrocławia, Lipska. Królikowski wydawał literaturę religijną, dzieła poetów emigracyjnych (Adama Mickiewicza, Zygmunta Krasińskiego i innych) oraz publicystykę polityczną. Trudno oszacować liczbę książek wydanych nakładem Księgarni Polskiej, prawdopodobnie przekroczyła ona 100 tytułów. Instytucja ta była miejscem, gdzie gromadzili się emigranci we francuskiej stolicy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Karol Królikowski (1806–1871) – Parisian bookseller and publisher of Great Emigration\u0000\u0000Purpose: This article aims to present a publishing and bookselling work of Karol Królikowski, one of the polish refugees who came to France after November Uprising. This immigrant was running a Catholic Book Shop in Paris in 1844–1871. The Catholic Book Shop was then called Polish Book Shop.\u0000Design/methodology/approach: The article was written based on the Karol Królikowski correspondence, which was found at foreign libraries and archives. Some more information was also retrieved from refugee’s press, book shops’ catalogues and academic paper.\u0000Findings: Our research discovered that the book selling offer of Królikowski’s book shop, which was initially small, grown into hundreds of book titles, press and journalistic work. The offer was constantly growing because of close contacts with booksellers from Poznań, Krakow, Paris, Berlin, Wrocław, Lipsk. Królikowki published religious literature and work of polish immigrant poets (Adam Mickiewicz, Zygmunt Krasiński and others) and political journalism. It is difficult to work out the exact number of books published at Polish Bookshop but it is very likely that it was more than 100 titles. This institution was a meeting place for Polish immigrants at French capital.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zagraniczne migracje mieszkańców województwa podlaskiego w latach 1980–1989 w świetle wyników badania retrospektywnego","authors":"Małgorzata Dziekońska","doi":"10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.027.14424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/25444972SMPP.21.027.14424","url":null,"abstract":"Szlaki migracyjne z terenów obecnego województwa podlaskiego prowadzą za ocean i do krajów europejskich, w tym za wschodnią granicę kraju. W tekście zostały zaprezentowane najważniejsze wyniki badania retrospektywnego z mieszkańcami województwa podlaskiego, którzy w latach 80. XX wieku podejmowali migracje zagraniczne. Celem badania było uzupełnienie stanu wiedzy na temat przemieszczeń międzynarodowych z regionu, pogłębienie ich charakterystyki, ale też spojrzenie na ich konsekwencje w perspektywie długoterminowej. W badaniu zastosowano metodę ilościową i jakościową. Uczestnikami byli mieszkańcy województwa, którzy w latach 1980 doświadczyli migracji bezpośrednio – jako migranci lub pośrednio – jako członkowie rodziny migranta. Wyniki uzyskane w grupie migrantów są omówione w tekście. Oprócz wskazania głównych kierunków i celów migracji zagranicznych, wyniki badania pozwoliły ustalić, że w badanym okresie 7 na 10 badanych osób miało bezpośrednie doświadczenia migracji zagranicznej, oraz potwierdzić dotychczasowe założenia o dominacji migracji czasowych nad długoterminowymi w badanym okresie. Do ważnych wniosków należy ten, że migracje lat 1980 z województwa podlaskiego, mimo że nie przełożyły się wyraźnie na ekonomiczny rozwój miejscowości wysyłających, poprzez możliwość doświadczania innej rzeczywistości, tak za zachodnią, jak i za wschodnią granicą Polski, wzbudzały w migrantach pragnienie i gotowość do zmiany.\u0000\u0000Migration routes from the present Podlaskie region lead to North America and European countries, including those beyond the country’s eastern border. The text presents the most important results of the retrospective study with the inhabitants of the region who migrated internationally in the 1980s. The aim of the study was to add to the present knowledge on international migration from this area and complement its characteristics, as well as to see its results from the long-term perspective. In the study quantitative and qualitative methods were applied. The participants were the inhabitants of the Podlaskie region who in the 1980s experienced migration directly – as migrants, or indirectly – as members of migrants’ families. Results for the migrants are discussed in the text. In addition to indicating the main directions and goals of the international migration, the findings of the study allowed the author to establish that in the analyzed period 7 out of 10 respondents directly experienced international migration, and to confirm the existing assumptions about the domination of temporary over long-term migration at that time. The conclusions are also that migration of the 1980s from the Podlaskie region did not effectively translate into economic development of the region, nevertheless, the possibility of experiencing different realities in the countries beyond the western as well as the eastern Polish borders aroused in the migrants desire and readiness for change.","PeriodicalId":399721,"journal":{"name":"Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134305209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}