Investigaciones Geograficas最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"Gerónimo Barrera de la Torre","doi":"10.14350/rig.59529","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.59529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 212-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.59529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124551085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Oralia Oropeza Orozco","doi":"10.14350/rig.59526","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.59526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.59526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestión de riesgos y desastres socioambientales. El caso de la mina Buenavista del cobre de Cananea","authors":"Alejandra Toscana Aparicio (Dra) ,&nbsp;Pedro de Jesús Hernández Canales (Lic)","doi":"10.14350/rig.54770","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.54770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>En agosto de 2014, en la mina Buenavista del Cobre, ubicada en Cananea, Sonora, ocurrió un derrame de sulfato de cobre acidulado en el río Sonora. El derrame dio lugar a un desastre socioambiental que afectó a los habitantes y a los ecosistemas de la cuenca del río. Tras investigar cómo se gestionan los procesos de riesgo-desastre de origen antrópico, a partir del caso del derrame tóxico de la mina de cobre Buenavista, encontramos que la política de protección civil y la ambiental, encargadas de estos riesgos, están desvinculadas entre sí, no convergen en objetivos, estrategias ni escalas de acción, lo que genera vacíos en su gestión, por lo que es necesaria una mayor interconexión entre las políticas, los niveles de gobierno, las empresas y la población para poder gestionar los riesgos químico-tecnológicos. Ambas políticas deben proyectarse sobre los planes de desarrollo local, estatal y nacional, con la finalidad de lograr una mayor congruencia entre el modelo de desarrollo y la protección de la población, sus bienes y los ecosistemas.</p></div><div><p>In August 2014, a 40 thousand squaremeter acidified copper sulphate spill took place at the Buenavista del Cobre mine, which belongs to Grupo México, located in Cananea, Sonora. It flowed down the Tinajas stream, as well as the Bacanuchi and Sonora rivers to El Molinito dam, which supplies water to Hermosillo City. The spill brought about the worst socio-environmental disaster linked to the mining industry in the nation's history. It took its toll on the health and economy of the municipalities of Cananea, Ures, Baviácora, Aconchi, San Felipe de Jesús, Huépac, Banámichi and Arizpe, including the ecosystems in the basin of Sonora River.</p><p>According to the nearby residents of the basin, the three levels of government and the Buenavista del Cobre mine disregarded the disaster. The primary remedial action, taken by Grupo México, was the creation of a trust to compensate the damages of affected people, and to clean up the river. Nevertheless, the local population found this solution to be inappropriate and insufficient. Thus, a united front against Grupo México was formed, which brought together those affected by the spill and other social actors to protest publicly against the damages caused by the Buenavista del Cobre mine. It is relevant to highlight that the facility of one of the hydraulic power stations, which supplies the mining company with water, was taken over. At the same time, the Basin Committees of Sonora River engaged in a legal battle against the Buenavista del Cobre mine due to the violation of the human right to a healthy environment.</p><p>The text addresses the anthropogenic hazard-disaster process management implemented since the toxic spill of the Buevanista del Cobre mine. The mining industry is a widespread activity on national territory, but the hazards derived from it receive little attention by the three levels of government in spite of the fact that Mexico regul","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.54770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130886019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El Trabajo de Campo en la Investigación Geográfica de la Pesca Comercial Ribereña en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas del Estado de Campeche, México","authors":"José-Manuel Crespo-Guerrero","doi":"10.14350/rig.59527","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.59527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.59527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De montaña, milpa y cañaveral. Transformaciones percibidas de los paisajes en la costa de Chiapas","authors":"Sara Barrasa García","doi":"10.14350/rig.54775","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.54775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cultural services are a category of ecosystemic services consisting in the provision by the landscape of esthetic and identity values. The conceptual framework of ecosystemic services (ES) is proposed as a powerful approach to be considered in public environmental policies, currently oriented towards human wellbeing (Bennet <em>et al.,</em> 2015; <span>López-Santiago <em>et al.,</em> 2014</span>; De Groot <em>et al.,</em> 2010; <span>Chan <em>et al.,</em> 2011</span>; <span>Fisher <em>et al.,</em> 2009</span>; <span>Oropeza <em>et al.,</em> 2015</span>). But studies made about ecosystemic services have focused in biophysical and economic assessments, relegating cultural values, meanings, and preferences (Müller et al. 2010:2; Lamarque <em>et al.,</em> 2011; Martín-López <em>et al.,</em> 2014). Due to the importance of the perception by local population of the transformations of the cultural landscape in which they inhabit, in this writing we will hence focus in the cultural category of ES From a descriptive perspective, the landscape expresses the numerous interactions existing between society and the territory, its conformation being the result of natural and human factors reciprocally interacting through time. The abundant richness of natural resources of Mexico, and of the state of Chiapas, has been indiscriminately exploited along history, and more intensely so in recent times. Large-scale exploitation of resources has been justified as a mean for reaching to economic prosperity, depleting resources without concern for the immediate future. We herein present the case study of the ejido Tzinacal in the municipality of Huixtla in the state of Chiapas, that being located within the La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve becomes paradigmatic for studying the effects of the concurrence of conservation and development policies, as well as the perception of the population regarding changes in the landscapes produced as a consequence of application of such policies along time. The main objective of our research was to identify the perceptions of the population inhabiting the Biosphere Reserves regarding changes in the landscape. Tzinacal had a population of 635 inhabitants (319 men and 316 women). The locality belongs to the municipality of Huixtla. Its total surface area being then of 5,450 ha. The main productive activities in the <em>ejido</em> are agriculture and farming, fishing being a minor activity. The application of 23 semi-structured interviews allowed for identifying the attitudes and perceptions of the elder population regarding their landscapes and their relation with their surrounding environment. During the early 20th century the development of the region was imprinted by the railroad and the Pan-American Highway that opened the coastal region to the rest of Mexico and to Central America. The Coast of Chiapas region produces mainly maize, beans, sesame, rice, sugar cane, and fruits such as cantaloupe, watermelon, and pineapple mostl","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 95-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.54775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134403017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the relationship between landforms and land use in tropical dry developing countries. A GIS and multivariate statistical approach","authors":"Itzi Gael Segundo Métay ,&nbsp;Gerardo Bocco ,&nbsp;Alejandro Velázquez ,&nbsp;Konrad Gajewski","doi":"10.14350/rig.56438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.56438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geomorphological inquiry has addressed the relation of cultural landscape features, such as land use, with landforms in different environments and under different land use regimes. Usually, these complex relationships have been pursuit by simple map overlaying in a geographic information system (<span>gis</span>). This research argues that the results of map overlaying need to be followed by statistical analyses to properly depict the nature of such relationships. The paper explores the quantitative relation between landforms and land use in a highly geographically complex region in the tropical dry Mexican Pacific coast. Data collection encompassed two phases: preliminary satellite image interpretation, and field verification and ground survey. Digitized and orthorectified layers were incorporated and overlain in a <span>gis</span>. Correspondence Analysis (<span>ca</span>) was used to identify correlations among land uses and landforms. Results showed a significant correspondence between geomorphic and land use entities. Fluvial landforms were associated to simpler patterns of human activity. Denudational landforms, on the other hand, depicted more complex and diverse land use patterns. Agricultural and grazing activities occurred in both gentle, fluvial landforms, and steep denudational landforms. Results were discussed in the light of their relevance for land use planning. This approach may strengthen decision making procedures particularly in such areas where applied geographic data need to be created to perform sound land use planning at the local scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 93","pages":"Pages 3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.56438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92259799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussing school socioeconomic segregation in territorial terms: the differentiated influence of urban fragmentation and daily mobility","authors":"Claudia Córdoba Calquin ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Farris ,&nbsp;Karina Rojas Patuelli","doi":"10.14350/rig.54766","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.54766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span></span>Chile is one of the <span>oecd</span> countries with higher levels of socioeconomic segregation in its educational system. This may be explained by the incidence of institutional factors (fees and school selection processes), sociocultural factors (families’ appraisals and behaviors towards school choice) and contextual factors, among which residential segregation would stand as the most relevant.</p><p>This article analyzes the relation between school location, students’ socioeconomic status and student's place of origin (mobility). The data used was gathered from 1613 surveys responded by primary students’ families. The results evidence that residential segregation only partially influences educational socioeconomic segregation, since the capacity of mobility is a key factor to “break” the association between both phenomena. Therefore, residential segregation would affect to a greater extent low socioeconomic status students who attend schools near their homes and travel distances shorter than children from higher socioeconomic status, who tend to cover longer distances between home and school. Nevertheless, the comparative analysis of the cases complicates drawing conclusions, because students of equal socioeconomic status travel very different distances. The characteristics of the territories where schools are located shed some light on the cause of these differences. From these results, we propose re-discussing the use of the residential segregation concept for explaining phenomena like school segregation, due to the complex interrelations between both territorial fragmentation and urban mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 92","pages":"Pages 34-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.54766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130407587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detección de árboles dañados por plaga en bosques de Abies religiosa en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, mediante fotografías aéreas infrarroja","authors":"Leautaud Valenzuela Pablo ,&nbsp;Lopez-Garcia Jose","doi":"10.14350/rig.52339","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.52339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest pests are pathogens that cause mechanical or physiological damage to trees, such as deformations, disrupted growth, weakening, or even death, leading to important ecological, economic and social impacts. This study focused on the development of a technique for the detection of forest pests using infrared aerial photography. The general reflectance characteristics of healthy and damaged leaves are currently well known; <span>Reid (1987)</span> already described these features, with a shift toward blue and a reduced infrared reflectance as the dominant effects. As the plant disease progresses, the above effects become more apparent. The use of infrared digital aerial photographs allowed to obtain VIR (visible + infrared) images with four bands and a resolution of approximately one meter per pixel. Trees with some degree of deterioration and even dead individuals were identified and located through visual interpretation.</p><p>Color and infrared digital aerial photographs captured in March 2009 were used; two cameras were used: a Nikon D2X camera for the acquisition of images in the visible range (EV), and a Canon EOS Digital Rebel camera for infrared (IR) images. Once individual photographs were processed and organized, V and IR images were superimposed using the Photoshop editing program (Adobe™) Once composite V+IR (VIR) images were obtained, those covering the sampling area were selected and georeferenced. Rectified images were required to elaborate a mosaic encompassing the sampling area. The rectified images and the final mosaic had a spatial resolution of 90 centimeters per pixel.</p><p>The detection technique was designed using three methodological approaches: automatic, semi-automatic and manual processes. The semi-automatic and automatic modalities correspond to an assisted and unassisted spectral classification, respectively, while the manual method consisted in the direct observation of the photographs processed. The technique developed used as basis the photographic mosaic of the sampling area.</p><p>The unassisted and assisted spectral classification technique was carried out in the ERDAS Imagine image-processing software package. For the unassisted classification, tests were carried out considering various numbers of categories: 5, 10 and 15; the assisted classification included the spectral properties of each category used for the partition to group images into five categories: healthy forest, diseased forest, <em>Juniperus</em> scrubland, bare soil and shaded areas.</p><p>The accuracy of the technique for the detection of damaged trees was verified through field work, visiting different checkpoints where the health status of the tree was corroborated by direct observation and infrared photography at ground level.</p><p>A representative sampling area of the <em>A. religiosa</em> forest was established in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (RBMM), sufficient to encompass the largest number of damaged trees, but not","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 92","pages":"Pages 116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.52339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114523861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detección del crecimiento urbano en el estado de Hidalgo mediante imágenes Landsat","authors":"Laura Cano Salinas ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Rodríguez Laguna ,&nbsp;José René Valdez Lazalde ,&nbsp;Otilio Arturo Acevedo Sandoval ,&nbsp;Rosa Icela Beltrán Hernández","doi":"10.14350/rig.50249","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.50249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detection of urban growth through digital processing of satellite images provides valuable information for understanding the dynamics of change of land use and its spatial relationship with environmental factors. To apply or create effective policies for land use planning is essential to have a historical record of the regional distribution of human centers and in our country this kind of geographical database is practically null. Although Mexico has an update and complete mapping of land use, this poses great challenges. Within this issue, the Hidalgo state destines half of its territory to agricultural use, nonetheless, ranks fifth nationally in road infrastructure density. In the last decade, the current highway “Arco Norte” that crosses the southern state has promoted economic development in several neighboring municipalities and many of them were integrated into the Management Programme of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico 2012.</p><p>Given this background, this paper is focused on the generation of geographic information for regional urban planning and the overall aim is to examine urban growth rate during the period 2000-2014 in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico and identify potential areas of expansion from Landsat images. The methodology was based on techniques of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The inputs used were six Landsat scenes: three for 2000 year and three for 2014. Image processing was performed on ERDAS Imagine^® 9.1 and the spatial analysis of urban coverage statewide on ArcGIS 10.0 by ESRI^®. First, the radiometric correction was made and we obtained the urban polygons of the 2000 year through of supervised classification. The 2014 urban layer was digitized manually due to the spectral incompatibility between the bands of the Landsat sensor 5 and 7, and the Landsat sensor 8. Then, we build a road density map and the spatial relationship of the urban centers with the road influence area was evaluated. For the year 2000, 103 urban polygons were mapped, whilst for 2014 were identified ten polygons more with a mapped minimum area of 24 ha. The main results indicated that in the state has increased 72.3 km2 urban area from 2000 to 2014. This represents an average growth rate of 1.8% per year. The most widespread municipalities are located in the region of Valle del Mezquital, however, Mineral de la Reforma, Tetepango, Tizayuca and Pachuca showed growth rates of 183.44%, 102% 94% and 68.5% in fourteen years, respectively. According to the road map density, these municipalities are located in areas of greatest influence of infrastructure as the Arco Norte highway in the state. The above findings, lead us to conclude that the Mezquital Valley and the Basin of Mexico are potential areas of urban spreading and it is associated with road development in the Central Mexico.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 92","pages":"Pages 64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.50249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116469621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Karina Busto Ibarra","doi":"10.14350/rig.59443","DOIUrl":"10.14350/rig.59443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39866,"journal":{"name":"Investigaciones Geograficas","volume":"2017 92","pages":"Pages 172-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14350/rig.59443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125453655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}