The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists最新文献

{"title":"Expression of serum microRNA 30e-5p in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic kidney disease.","authors":"Raghda E Ibrahim, Shymaa O A Khalil, Khadiga Abougabal, Alaa M Rabea, Manar M Abdel-Aziz","doi":"10.55133/eji.320401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent form of diabetes, and frequently associated with diabetic nephropathy, a leading contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of microalbuminuria serves as an early marker for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Emerging evidence suggested that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) 30e-5p expression may be linked to T2DM progression, positioning it as a potential biomarker. This study investigated the clinical relevance of miRNA 30e-5p dysregulation by assessing its expression levels in T2DM patients with and without DKD. A total of 50 participants, including 25 T2DM patients with DKD and 25 T2DM patients without DKD, were examined. Serum miRNA 30e-5p levels were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings revealed a significant reduction in miRNA 30e-5p expression among patients with DKD compared to those without DKD (0.25 ± 0.26 vs. 0.89 ± 0.13, p < 0.001). In conclusion, miRNA 30e-5p dysregulation appears to contribute to DKD development in Egyptian T2DM patients, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of CTLA-4, epiregulin and PD-1 in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.","authors":"Sura F Alsaffar, Hiba M Khaleel","doi":"10.55133/eji.320408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal, reproductive, metabolic disorder, affect female at reproductive age. PCOS is associated with hormonal and immunological defect, and chronic low-grade inflammation, that affect some proteins expression, like cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associate protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), epiregulin (EREG) in association with T-cell activation. These immunological parameters may indicate autoimmune diseases and PCOS. CTLA-4 and PD-1 are immune checkpoints that regulate the immunity during the chronic inflammation, by suppressing T-cells activation, natural killer cell, B-cell production. Epiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is released in response to luteinizing hormone(LH) released from granulosa cells in ovaries. There is an indirect link between PCOS and epiregulin in chronic low-grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to indicate the role of CTLA-4, epiregulin, and PD-1 in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, also the estimation of some related hormones level in PCOS, like prolactin, testosterone anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). This study included 65 patients with PCOS and 56 normal controls (healthy women). Their average ages were from 20 to 45 years. The study subjects were from the private women's infertility clinics at the Medical City Hospital, Baghdad. The study lasted from November 2024 to January 2025. Metformin, vitamin D, and oral contraceptives were prescribed by consultant to patients. The blood samples were collected and CTLA-4, PD-1, EREG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The results showed a significant decrease in CTLA-4 in patients (46.04 ±4.51) than in controls (70.46 ±9.41), (p≤0.01). Also, there was no difference in PD-1 level in patients (250.37 ±23.37), and controls (247.81 ±29.80), (p>0.05). EREG showed a significant increase in patients (1099.12 ±138.51), compared to controls (835.02 ±48.62), (p≤0.05). In addition, prolactin hormones recorded a significant increase in patients (154.86 ±27.22) compared to controls (13.91 ±1.50), (p≤0.05). While for the testosterone hormone there was a significant decrease in patients (16.36 ±2.58), as compared to controls (28.73 ±1.75), (p≤0.05). The AMH showed no difference between patients (5.79 ±0.40), and controls (4.18 ±0.44), (p>0.05). In conclusion, based on the current findings, the decrease in CTLA-4, and the increase in EREG in the patient's group was associated with low-grade inflammation like PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 4","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisystem effects of obesity: dysregulation of leptin, thyroid hormones, autoantibodies, immune and neurological responses.","authors":"Rusul A A Alshammary, Assal G Alshammary, Wijdan M Hameed, Abdullah S Al-Karawi","doi":"10.55133/eji.320412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many changes occur in the levels of hormones, thyroid autoantibody, and some immune and neurological factors in people with obesity. It appears that these changes are a result, not a causes, of obesity. This research aimed to know the effect of obesity on the levels of leptin, leptin receptor, immunological marker, thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibody and neurological marker. This study involved 80 participants aged 20-60 years. Of these, 40 were obese with BMI ≥30 and 40 with normal weight. Serum samples were collected for the analysis Leptin, soluble leptin receptor (SLEP-R), interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Triiodothyronine (FT3), free Thyroxine (FT4), thyroid autoantibody (TG-ab and TPO-ab) and neurological markers [Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and noradrenalin (NA)]. There was a notable significant increase in leptin, but the level of SLEP-R decreased. While there was a significant increase in the level of IL-6, TNF-α, TSH, FT3, TG-ab, TPO-ab and NGF in obese patients. Also, there was significant decrease in FT4, BDNF and NA levels in obese patients compared to the control group. In conclusion, obesity is not just excess fat storage. It is associated with impaired leptin signaling, and an inflammation condition that affect the immune system, which cause changes in thyroid hormones and an increased risk of autoimmunity disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 4","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients admitted to Assiut University Hospital critical care unit.","authors":"Eman M Ibrahem, Salwa S El-Gendi, Mohamed F Hussein, Salah Eldin Abbas, Ahmed B Abdelrehim","doi":"10.55133/eji.320304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that may cause severe complications. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of critical complications in SLE patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to identify potential risk factors affecting their outcomes. The study included 50 SLE patients admitted to the Critical Care Unit. All patients underwent a comprehensive medical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations. Disease activity was assessed using the modified new version of the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2K). Both the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination-II (APACHE-II) score and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA score) were calculated within 24-hour period post-admission. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or demise. The mean age of the studied patients was 33.62 years, with a range of 20 to 47 years. The most leading causes of admission were lupus nephritis (44%) and pneumonia (24%). Of these patients, 12 (24%) patients developed different forms of complications. Of the patients, 80% survived, while 20% experienced a fatal outcome. The predictors of mortality were older age (odds ratio 1.59), complications (odds ratio 2.09), and high APACHE-II scores (odds ratio 3.11). In conclusion, patients with SLE admitted to the critical care unit were liable for complications in the presence the following risk factors; old age, high disease activity and high APACHE-II.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explore the role of miRNA155 and IL-2 level in type-1 diabetic disease.","authors":"Zaid A Twayej, Mayyada F Darweesh","doi":"10.55133/eji.320302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The immune system plays a critical role in this illness, particularly regarding micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression and cytokines levels. This study aimed to investigate the role of miRNA-155 and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in diagnosis of T1DM with related to antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (anti-GAD65) and Connecting peptide (C-peptide). This case-control study involved 120 participants, of whom 80 were T1DM patients and 40 apparently healthy subjects as controls. The patients' age ranged from 3 to 17 years of both sexes, collected from the Department of Diabetic in Al-Sader medical city in AL- Najaf Al-Ashraf province during October 2023 till February 2024. Their diagnoses were made based on clinical and serological parameters. Blood samples were collected from all participants to detect IL-2 serum level by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and miRNA155 by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas anti-GAD65 and C-peptide diagnosis by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The results showed that serum IL-2 was significantly lower in T1DM patients (330.66 ±129.92 ng/ml) compared to the control group (960.67 ±188.05 ng/ml). The expression of miR-155 was significantly higher in the patients' group (2.61 ± 1.17) versus the control group (1.0 ± 0.71) (p < 0.001). The serum level of anti-GAD antibodies among patients with T1DM was significantly higher than in controls (375.01 U/ml vs 5.66 U/ml). While the serum level of C-peptide in the patients was lower than in controls. In conclusion, the elevated expression of miRNA-155, along with significantly reduced blood IL-2 levels in T1DM patients indicates their potential as valid biomarkers for the diagnosis and progress of T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of celiac disease in adult patients with type I diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Nagla M B El-Kholy, Naglaa A El-Gendy, Nessren M B Mohammed, Hala E Abd El Hamid, Asmaa S Hassan, Ayatalla R Mohamed","doi":"10.55133/eji.320301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-determined disorder that affects the small intestine in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Identifying silent CD is crucial, as a gluten-free diet in asymptomatic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients can improve glycemic control and growth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in adult T1DM patients by using serological immune-enzymatic tests. The study included 90 patients divided into two groups: Group 1 included 45 adults with T1DM (aged 20-40 years) exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms of CD. Group 2 consisted of 45 asymptomatic adults with T1DM (aged 20-40 years). Celiac serology markers were positive in 3 patients (6.7%) from Group 1 and in 1 patient (2.2%) from Group 2. In Conclusion, there is a significant association between CD and T1DM. Celiac serology should be conducted in T1DM patients presenting with gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum miRNA 146b-5p a pharmacodynamic biomarker in adult inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Doaa M A Elzoghby, Nermine H Mahmoud, Ahmed S Allam, Aya M Abdallah, Amani M AbdElGhani","doi":"10.55133/eji.320305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) impacts the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in multiple hospitalizations, complications, and diminished quality of life. IBD has two subtypes: Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Evidence suggested that immune response dysregulation and genetic susceptibility are the main disease pathogenesis. IBD diagnosis is established by clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic and histological criteria. MiRNA-146 suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and activates T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Serum miRNA-146b-5p targets genes and cytokines responsible for inhibiting autophagy and maintaining cell homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of miRNA -146b-5p in diagnosis of IBD and response to treatment. The study consisted of sixty 60 participants separated into 3 groups. Blood samples were withdrawn from 20 acute IBD cases before treatment (Group I), 20 Chronic IBD patients on treatment (Group II) and 20 apparently healthy controls (Group III) for assay of miRNA-146b-5p using the Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fecal calprotectin and C reactive protein (CRP). The study revealed statistically significant variation between the 3 studied groups according to stool fecal calprotectin, CRP and microRNA-146b-5p (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in microRNA-146b-5p expression among Ulcerative Colitis cases and the control Group and among Crohn's Disease cases and the control Group III (p < 0.001). There was no difference in microRNA-146b-5p among the CD and UC patients (p>0.05). Multi-Regression analysis showed that smoking was a significant variable for CD but not for UC. In conclusion, MiRNA-146b-5p was proved with a superior performance as a biomarker for early diagnosis of IBD and for follow up response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 expression levels in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Mona Sultan, Maha S M Ibrahim, Mariam Abdur-Rahman, Omar F A Dessouki, Emad N Ebeid, Mohamed A Eldesouky","doi":"10.55133/eji.320306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological ailment characterized via specific clinical and molecular heterogeneous disorders. It is associated with poor long-term survival, even with new chemotherapy regimens. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a membrane protein expressed in various kinds of immune cells. Recent studies reported that higher TIM-3 expression levels correlate with advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis in several solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIM-3 as a specific marker of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed AML, and its possible role as a prognostic biomarker. The expression levels of TIM-3 were assessed in the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) of 32 newly diagnosed pediatric AML cases and 10 control subjects by flow cytometry on (CD34+/CD38+) fraction, as well as on (CD34+/CD38-) fraction, at the time of diagnosis and at the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy (first induction). These expression levels in patients were then correlated with clinical outcome. TIM-3 expression levels were significantly higher in pediatric AML patients on LSCs (CD34+/CD38-) and leukemic progenitors (CD34+/CD38+) fractions compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). TIM-3 expression levels on LSCs (CD34+/CD38-) fraction were associated with a higher mortality risk and short survival. In conclusion, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) may serve as LSCs specific biomarker for poor prognosis in pediatric AML patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Dialogue: Immunity and central nervous system interactions in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Dalaa Sheikh Saleh, Lujain Mraer, Huda Fatima, Hanan Gubari, Mariam A Alsayed, Fatma E Hassan","doi":"10.55133/eji.320303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article aims to discuss neuroimmune interactions by emphasizing the role of central and peripheral immunities in central nervous system (CNS) protection and function, as well as how abnormalities in this relationship may be implicated in the genesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Immune elements that play roles within the CNS both during stable and infectious states are described. Innate CNS immunity is explored as a distinct entity comprised of the brain blood barrier, CNS parenchyma, and resident immune cells-microglia and astrocytes, whose roles in antigen recognition and clearance and neuromodulation are further enumerated. Due to the inability of the CNS to independently initiate an adaptive immune response, the necessary recruitment and regulation of elements from the peripheral immune system (PIS) are described in a process that, in chief, utilizes resident antigen-presenting cells to prime naïve T-cells, which later enter the CNS through areas of access to the cerebrospinal fluid. The previous modes of interaction especially enable microglia, astrocytes, and T-cells to play part in neurodevelopment and plasticity, and the proposed mechanisms by which they participate in synaptic pruning, neurogenesis, and memory are examined. In addition to its protective role, the PIS has also been shown to play a regulatory role in the CNS, where it drives responses that optimize immune function, such as fever and sickness behavior. Due to the high level of involvement of the immune system within the CNS, dysregulations of the immune system are thought to be implicated in numerous NDD pathogeneses, where neuroinflammation both causes and is caused by immune reactions. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are particularly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (-1123G/C, +788G/A and +1858C/T) with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Tarek T H ElMelegy, Azza M Ezz-Eldin, Hussein A Elamin, Menna R Ali, Eman R Badawy","doi":"10.55133/eji.320308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.320308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a class of chronic inflammatory disorders including, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The PTPN22 gene is thought to be a T-cell negative regulator, regulates immune cell activation, and an important risk factor for human autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of PTPN22 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with inflammatory bowel disease in Egyptian patients and their relation to clinical disease characteristics. Three SNPs in the PTPN22 gene (-1123G/C, +788G/A, and +1858C/T) were investigated in 90 IBD patients (19 with CD and 71 with UC) and 81 apparently healthy controls. These 3 polymorphisms were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Allele and genotype frequencies were correlated with disease association and with clinical disease characteristics. No statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the PTPN22 gene SNPs (-1123G/C, +788G/A, and +1858C/T) were found between IBD patients and control subjects. In conclusion although the PTPN22 gene is involved in autoimmune diseases, it does not appear to be associated with IBD predisposition or its clinical characteristics in Egyptians.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"32 3","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}