The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists最新文献

{"title":"Circulating inflammatory mediators CCL2 and CXCL16 as biomarkers in Iraqi women infected with toxoplasmosis.","authors":"Ghuffran M Hassan, Mariam A Najeeb, Maha M Assim, Sabreen H Fadhil, Asaad F Albayati","doi":"10.55133/eji.330408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.330408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is the cause of the widespread but sometimes disregarded parasitic illness toxoplasmosis. Cytokines play an indispensable role in fostering an environment that is more conducive to pregnancy. Their intricate network of interactions allows for the observation of numerous modulatory consequences, such as cell migration, invasion, and gene expression. Among these, CCL2 (MCP-1) and CXCL16 have emerged as promising immunological biomarkers reflecting disease activity, inflammation, and tissue involvement. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), another name for C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), is a crucial chemotactic factor that attracts macrophages for the immunological response. CXCL16 is a unique chemokine that can be found in both transmembrane and soluble forms. Numerous inflammatory conditions in humans, such as interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, vascular disease, and hepatic injury, have been linked to CXCL16 expression. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between T. gondii seropositivity and concentrations of plasma markers (CCL2 and CXCL16) in Iraqi pregnant women. This study comprised 68 serum samples of Iraqi women, attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad. The levels of CCL2 and CXCL16 were measured using sandwich ELISA. Results of circulatory marker levels revealed a significant variation across all groups. Also, results revealed that the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL16 showed distinct timing in their concentrations throughout pregnancy. Their higher levels in late pregnancy among healthy pregnancies suggested a normal immune adaptation, while their elevated early levels in aborted cases may signal inflammatory processes linked to pregnancy loss. In conclusion, these results indicated that CCL2 and CXCL16 could serve as immunological biomarkers for monitoring pregnancy progression and identifying risk of pregnancy loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 4","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy - related protein 5: A promising biomarker for disease activity and treatment response in lupus nephritis.","authors":"Howayda El-Shinnawy, Sahar Shawky, Manal Salman, Marwa Shaaban, Ahmed Shamseldeen, Shaimaa Abdelmegied","doi":"10.55133/eji.330402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.330402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing biomarkers are often insufficient for adequately tracking treatment outcomes in lupus nephritis (LN). Growing evidence points to a significant role of autophagy in LN pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate circulating levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) alongside its immunohistochemical expression in kidney biopsy from LN patients, and to examine its utility as a diagnostic indicator and predictor of therapeutic response. This pilot prospective research enrolled 31 patients with active LN and 9 age and sex matched normal controls. Immunohistochemical evaluation of ATG5 expression was conducted on renal biopsy specimens collected before the commencement of medication, while blood ATG5 levels were evaluated in all subjects. Serial serum ATG5 evaluations were performed at 3-month and 6-month intervals after the initiation of therapy. Circulating ATG5 levels were significantly decreased in LN patients relative to controls (cut-off ≤312.3 ng/l; AUC=0.943; sensitivity 100%; specificity 88.9%). Renal tissue ATG5 expression was detected in 96.7% of patients; strong expression identified in 87.1% using summation scoring (score >3) and in 58.1% using multiplication scoring (score >8). A biopsy summation score ≤6 predicted treatment response with AUC of 0.88, sensitivity 69.57% and 100% specificity. Treatment was associated with significant ATG5 recovery over 6 months (p < 0.001), with responders demonstrating lower biopsy scores and greater serum ATG5 improvement versus non-responders (p=0.004, p=0.009, respectively). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment yielded superior outcomes compared to cyclophosphamide (p=0.042). The summation and multiplication scores of ATG5 exhibited a negative correlation with serum ATG5 after six months (p < 0.026 and p < 0.018, respectively). In conclusion, ATG5 represents a valuable autophagy-related biomarker in LN, offering reliable predictive utility for treatment outcomes. Lower intra-renal ATG5 expression scores are associated with favourable therapeutic responses, particularly in patients receiving MMF.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 4","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological study of temporal changes in total serum IgE levels among patients with bronchial asthmatic respiratory infection of Iraqi children: A comparative study (2022-2026).","authors":"Bareq A Al-Lateef, Hawraa A Ali, Zainab N Nabat","doi":"10.55133/eji.330413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.330413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with Bronchial Asthmatic Respiratory Infection and Allergic asthma is characterized by typical asthmatic symptoms following exposure to airborne allergens and IgE allergy. Objective: The study examines the highest IgE levels in children with asthma and compares them in two different periods (2022 and 2026). The current cross-sectional study included 122 children with asthma between January 25 and May 24, 2026, as well as 85 individuals from Iraqi Teaching Hospital for Children between June 2022 and October 2022. The Accu-Bind IgE ELISA kit was used to measure the total IgE level. Since many laboratories consider IgE levels > 100 kU/L to be elevated, a level of 100 units/mL was selected to distinguish between high and low IgE groups. The degree of asthma severity in Iraqi children was high in 2026 compared with 2022. In 2026, the percentage of moderate and severe asthma cases was 45.08% and 13.93%, respectively, while in 2022, the percentage of moderate asthma was only 34.12%. The total levels of IgE increased significantly in 2026 in children with asthma (297.55 ± 251.56 IU/ml) compared with asthmatic children in 2022 (224.71 ± 231.01 IU/ml) (p=0.035). In 2026, the number of asthmatic children with IgE total of more than one hundred IU/ml was 70.49% of the total asthmatic children, while in 2022, only 50.59% of asthmatic children had a total IgE > 100 IU/ml. From 2022 to 2026, an increase was found in the total IgE levels in Iraqi asthmatic children, which was accompanied by a worsening asthma severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 4","pages":"144-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune signatures in primary hypertension: The roles of IL-10, IgM, and IgG.","authors":"Zainab A Ashour, Mai A Y Aldeeb, Hoda E Abdelwahab, Eman A A Khalil, Asmaa M S Abdelbasset, Sylvia T Kamal","doi":"10.55133/eji.330405","DOIUrl":"10.55133/eji.330405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension (HTN) is the leading modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Implicated immunological mechanisms are of great interest nowadays. This study aimed to assess the role of B cells by measuring serum immunoglobulin (IgG) and IgM levels, regulatory T cell levels, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in hypertensive patients. This observational case-control study included 100 subjects. Sixty newly diagnosed untreated HTN patients were subdivided into three equal groups based on HTN severity. Another twenty patients controlled on their antihypertensive medications over the past three months were enrolled. Patients were compared to twenty apparently healthy subjects. Serum IgG, IgM, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), along with complete labs, including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, S-creatinine, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, glomerular filtration rate, fundus examination, echocardiography, and carotid duplex, which were performed for all participants. IL10 levels were significantly lower among patients (54.84±9.91 pg/ml) compared to the control group (91.12±12.24 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). The lowest level was among the mild HTN group. Serum IgG and IgM levels were not significantly higher in patients than in the healthy group. (p = 0.71 and 0.31, respectively). Significant correlation was detected in the moderate HTN group; IL10 was negatively correlated with right common carotid artery intima media thickness (RTCCA IMT) (r = -0.44, p = 0.05). In conclusion, IL10 is significantly lower among patients with HTN. Dysregulation of immune mechanisms may be associated with HTN. Further studies are needed to reveal nature of this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 4","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune-Endocrine crosstalk in hypertensive overweight men: Dysregulation of IL-17 and IL-40-mediated inflammatory pathways.","authors":"Ruqaya K Ibrahim, Huda M Mahmmod, Muhaned E Majeed","doi":"10.55133/eji.330301","DOIUrl":"10.55133/eji.330301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension belongs to the category of serious health concerns among overweight people that are frequently attributed to chronic low-grade inflammation. The present study investigated the significance of the selected pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-40 (IL-40), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) as the markers of inflammation in non-smoking overweight men with hypertension. This case control study included 70 adult men (40 hypertensive and 30 age matched controls). Anthropometric parameters, arterial blood pressure, lipid profile, liver enzymes, renal function markers, aldosterone, cortisone, and serum cytokines were investigated. The concentrations of cytokines were determined through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. Body weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, among hypertensive participants, were significantly higher in the cases than the controls (p≤0.01). Hypertensive subjects had significantly high serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-40, which are indicators of a strong pro-inflammatory condition. Also, hypertensive patients were characterized by dyslipidemia and raised liver enzyme activity, raised aldosterone and cortisone levels, and slight but significant rises in serum creatinine. The results indicated that hypertension among overweight non-smoking men is interrelated with immune response, metabolic dysregulation as well as endocrine dysregulation. It is interesting to note that IL-40 was also a candidate novel inflammatory biomarker in addition to the previously known cytokines, TNF- α and IL- 17. The study findings revealed that the inflammatory and immune-endocrine pathways could be a new chance in the early management and detection of obesity-related hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum human galectin 3 as a marker of activity in inflammatory bowel disease in comparison to fecal calprotectin.","authors":"Mohamed M Salama, Moataz M Sayed, Mohamed A Saad, Nancy Z Ali, Marwa A Abdelwahed, Hagar A A Elessawy","doi":"10.55133/eji.330307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.330307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurring inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal system that has an unknown cause and is marked by periods of relapse and remission. Endoscopy remains the gold standard for assessing disease activity; however, noninvasive biomarkers are needed to reduce the burden of repeated invasive procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum galectin 3 as a biomarker of disease activity in IBD and compare its performance with fecal calprotectin. The study included 40 individuals who were diagnosed with active IBD ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease, and 40 age and sex matched normal controls. Clinical assessment and laboratory investigations which included complete blood picture, C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, serum albumin and serum galectin 3 were measured and analyzed. Serum galectin 3 levels were higher in patients with active UC than in clinical remission patients (p<0.001) and higher in patients with Crohn's disease (p<0.001). In clinical, remission patients without full mucosal healing, serum galectin 3 was positively correlated with endoscopic disease activity represented with Mayo score, Mayo endoscopic sub-score and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (p<0.001). The cut off value of serum galectin 3 for determining disease activity was >5.199 µg/ml with 100 % sensitivity, 92 %, specificity and accuracy of 99.6%.The combined use of Serum galectin 3, CRP and fecal calprotectin improved the performance, achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, serum galectin 3 is a promising noninvasive biomarker for assessing disease activity in patients with IBD. Combined assessment with CRP and fecal calprotectin may further enhance the diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of ectodomain of type 23 collagen as a novel marker of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis disease.","authors":"Ayman G A Dawod, Khaled A M Sayed, Khaled M A Raafat, Shady S A Ghait, Maha E A Ali, Shimaa H G Huessin","doi":"10.55133/eji.330303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.330303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are complex, multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the role of the serum ectodomain of type 23 collagen as a biomarker of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals over one year (April 1, 2023 to April 1, 2024) and included both inpatient and outpatient cases. Serum levels of type 23 collagen ectodomain were significantly higher in UC patients (4.08 ± 1.96 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (1.85 ± 0.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, Patients with active UC had markedly elevated levels (5.46 ± 1.85 ng/mL) compared to those with inactive disease (2.7 ± 0.66 ng/mL). These findings suggest that serum type 23 collagen ectodomain is a promising marker for evaluating UC activity and severity, correlating closely with clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histopathological indicators of disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between selected immune parameters and thalassemia: An analytical study.","authors":"Hanan F Salman, Thefaf A Ahmed, Sura K Mahmood, Rana T Mohsen, Ali Mahdi","doi":"10.55133/eji.330304","DOIUrl":"10.55133/eji.330304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing genetic blood disorders are referred to as hereditary anemia. Such disease is especially high in the Mediterranean area. In Iraq, the prevalence of carriers was estimated between 4.5% -5% of the general population. The disease can be clinically presented by mild anemia up to severe manifestations that need transfusion and its complications can usually affect many different organ systems. During the past few years, focus was diverted to the cytokines and electrolyte status as potential disease severity markers. ELISA was used to identify serum cytokines. The analysis of serum sodium, chloride and potassium was performed using the colorimetric technique. The study included two categories, 50 patients (37.96 years) and 40 controls (40.475 years). The results revealed that thalassemia patients possessed significantly higher serum levels of all studied immunological markers (IL-40, TNF-α, and MCP-1) when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Serum sodium, potassium and chloride levels were also significantly different between the two groups, but serum potassium was not so significant (p<0.05). While there were no significant connections between IL-40 and MCP-1 or IL-40 and TNF-α, there was a significant positive association between MCP-1 and TNF-α. However, there was no significant link between potassium and chloride or between sodium and potassium. The Pearson's correlation analysis also showed a substantial positive association between levels of sodium and chloride. In conclusion, this study showed that thalassemia patients exhibit elevated levels of key immune parameters (IL-40, TNF-α, MCP-1) alongside significant changes in certain electrolyte concentrations, particularly sodium and chloride.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum IL-6 and fecal calprotectin in covid-19 positive patients with GIT symptoms as markers of intestinal inflammation.","authors":"Mohamed N B Alashram, Alsaied A Alrefaey, Noah A El Nakeeb, Ahmed E Khyal, Ahmed E Ahmed, Reginia N M Guirguis","doi":"10.55133/eji.330309","DOIUrl":"10.55133/eji.330309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generally, people who acquire infection with the COVID-19 virus exhibit a fever and respiratory illness. However, certain individuals also exhibit gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms, involving anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. This study aimed to quantify and assess serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fecal calprotectin (FC) in COVID-19-positive individuals who exhibit diarrhea and other GIT symptoms as indicators of inflammation in the intestinal tract. The investigation included 80 cases with diarrhea and other GIT symptoms. They were divided into two groups: group A (cases) consisted of 40 COVID-19 patients with GIT symptoms and group B (controls) consisted of 40 COVID-19 patients without GIT symptoms. Serum IL-6 and FC were assessed in both groups. The most effective cut-off value for predicting intestinal inflammation was >63, with a sensitivity of 67.5% and a specificity of 65%. The most effective cut-off value for predicting intestinal inflammation was >194, with a sensitivity of 87.6% and a specificity of 77.3%. Although the FC was more significant than serum IL-6, the difference in the area under curve (AUC) was insignificant (0.075; z-test= 1.632, p>0.05). In COVID-19 cases with experienced intestinal symptoms, serum IL-6 and FC were increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"82-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Sirtuin 1 as a potential indicator of disease activity and severity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.","authors":"Wafaa Soliman, Ayah T Abdel-Zaher, Amira A Moharram, Nada Saeed, Aya Safar","doi":"10.55133/eji.330305","DOIUrl":"10.55133/eji.330305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aetiology and pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are yet unclear. Autoantibodies that target various organs and tissues are produced as a result of SLE patients' poor immunological tolerance. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase that has a major role in immune responses, apoptosis, and cell differentiation, through alteration of various signalling cascades, including nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer and activator protein 1 of activated B cells cascades. According to recent data, SIRT1 is an immune system regulator factor, and its impaired action probably play a role in SLE pathogenesis. This study intended to determine whether SIRT1 can be an indicator for SLE severity and activity. This study comprised 30 SLE patients, with a mean age of 28.23 ± 5.21 years and 3.21 ± 1.2 years as duration of the disease. The normal control group consisted of 30 matched adults, aged 27.3±6.22 years (p=0.266). There was a significantly increase in the mean±SD of SIRT1 in SLE patients (28.72±5.83), compared to the control group (22.1±5.59) (p<0.05). Serum SIRT1 was significantly correlated to disease duration, SLEDAI, Katz score, ESR, CRP and renal biopsy classes. However, it was negatively correlated to C3, C4 and there was no correlation with age. A significant elevation was noted in the mean±SD of SIRT1 in active SLE patients (22.7 ± 13.77) compared to inactive SLE patients (6.02±11.27) (p <0.05). Also, the mean±SD of SIRT1 was significantly raised in patients with high SLE disease severity (17.94 ± 15.64) in contrast to those with low SLE disease severity (10.78±13.76) (p<0.05). In conclusion, SIRT1 serum levels were higher in patients with SLE, both with high and low disease severity. Thus, SIRT1 may be a serological indicator for the severity and activity of SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 3","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}