The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists最新文献

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Rana M Sedky,&nbsp;Mona M Zaki,&nbsp;Marwa E Mahmoud,&nbsp;Safeya H Hassan,&nbsp;Shaimaa S Khater,&nbsp;Heba M A Abou Zaghla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). In its early stages, it results in inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. Egypt has the highest rates in the Middle East region. The pathogenicity of MS involves mitochondrial function. Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can produce variation in the copy number (CN) and decline in mitochondrial function. Our goal was to determine the potential of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker of MS and the progression of the disease. The study included 25 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and 25 age and sex matched apparently healthy control. Two peripheral blood samples were collected from each patient, one during the remission phase and the other during the phase of relapse. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to assess CN of mitochondrial DNA. There was a statistically significant decline in the number of mtDNA copies during the remission phase as compared to controls (p < 0.01), yet no difference was seen between mtDNA-CN in relapsing subjects versus controls. Moreover, the copy number of mtDNA during the relapse phase was significantly higher than the remission phase suggesting the ability of mtDNA to differentiate between remission and relapse phases (p < 0.05). Our study observed that mtDNA-CN at a cut off (0.75), can differentiate between RRMS patients in the remission phase and controls with a sensitivity of 56%, specificity 84%, positive predictive value (PPV) 65.6% and negative predictive value (NPV) 77.8%, and at a cut off (1), mtDNA-CN can differentiate between remission and relapse MS patients with a sensitivity 72%, specificity 56%, PPV 62.1% and NPV 66.7%. In conclusion, mtDNA-CN can be proposed as a biomarker of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"30 4","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of serum levels of anti-gliadin (IgA and IgG) antibodies in patients with lichen planus: A pilot study","authors":"Shaimaa M T Al-Zanqaly, Rasha A El-Barbary, Sarah Y Abdelaziz, Mona S Ali","doi":"10.55133/eji.300403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300403","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) play a key role in coeliac disease (CD) screening, elevated AGA levels have been reported in several immune-mediated cutaneous conditions even in the absence of gastrointestinal disease clinical manifestations. A gluten-free diet led to improvements in some of these disorders. The link between oral lichen planus (LP) and CD was revealed, but there is currently no information available regarding the association between cutaneous LP and gluten sensitivity. This study aimed to assess the AGA (IgA and IgG) serum levels in LP patients compared to controls and to determine their correlation with LP severity. The study included 20 patients with cutaneous LP and 20 age- and sex-matched controls, both free of CD manifestations. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was utilized for the evaluation of AGA (IgA and IgG) serum levels. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in LP patients were evaluated qualitatively using a chromatographic immunoassay. In LP patients, AGA (IgA and IgG) serum levels were significantly elevated compared to controls (p = 0.015 and p=0.016, respectively). A significant positive correlation between AGA (IgG) serum levels and the age of patients (p= 0.024), duration of disease (p= 0.02), and LP severity index (p< 0.0001) was found. AGA serum levels were insignificantly different between HCV-positive and HCV-negative LP patients (p= 0.054). In conclusion, the significant elevation of serum AGA levels in LP patients reflects a possible link between LP and occult CD. Serum AGA (IgG) levels can be used as a marker of LP severity..","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of total antibody levels in university hospitals health workers vaccinated against COVID-19 in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Dasse S Romualde, Siransy K Liliane, Adou A Honoré, Nguessan Koffi, Seri Y Jocelyne, Yeboah O Richard, Kouacou A Patricia-Victorine, Assi A U Aniela, Memel L C Roselle, Moussa Salimata, Oura Doris","doi":"10.55133/eji.300408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300408","url":null,"abstract":"Discovered in China in December 2019, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has confronted the world with an unprecedented crisis. Healthcare workers, the first line of defense against this pandemic, have been severely affected. Clinical trial results of the emergency vaccines showed that they all produced IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high rates of seroconversion. While immunization against natural challenge (COVID-19 infection) and artificial challenge (vaccination) in health care workers is relatively well described in the West, the issue is not well understood in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, where populations are genetically distinct from Caucasians. Our aim was to investigate the magnitude of post-vaccination IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in our African epigenetic context. A cross-sectional, multicenter, analytical study was conducted from March to May 2022 among health workers employed at the University Hospital of Abidjan and vaccinated against COVID-19. The study included 77 health workers. IgG immunoassays were performed with an enzyme-linked fluorescent assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software, with a p-value ˂ 0.05 considered as a significant difference. All enrolled subjects developed anti-SRAS-Cov-2 IgG, of which 88.3% had a strong response (titer ≥ 250 Binding Antibody Units/ml). IgG titers varied significantly by gender (p=0.04). Vaccine type and number of doses did not affect IgG titers. However, a history of COVID-19 infection was associated with a 5-fold greater likelihood of developing a strong IgG response after vaccination. In conclusion, humoral IgG responses developed after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were robust and would be influenced by a variety of factors..","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TNF-α versus IL-6 Genes Expression levels in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical and Laboratory Determinants","authors":"Enas I Abdelhady, Hanaa I Abd El-Hady, Shahenda G Badran, Mona Rabie","doi":"10.55133/eji.300401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300401","url":null,"abstract":"This study intended to compare the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) genes in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who were receiving conventional synthetic disease-modifying drugs (csDMARDs) and to find the clinical and laboratory determinants affecting TNF-α and IL-6 genes expression levels among active RA patients. This was a cross sectional study that included 108 active RA patients who were receiving csDMARDs. A detailed history was reviewed for all patients in addition to a complete physical examination and assessment of the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28). Some laboratory measures were recorded as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum rheumatoid factor (RF). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expression levels of TNF- α and IL-6 genes. In active RA patients, TNF-α and IL-6 genes expression levels were significantly correlated to each other (p<0.001, r=0.788). Also, both had positive correlations with the age and DAS28 among RA patients (p<0.001). IL-6 and TNF-α expression levels were significantly higher in RA patients with high DAS28 scores (p<0.001). Most RA patients (81.5%) had relatively higher IL-6 gene expression levels than TNF-α. RA patients with relatively high IL-6 expression levels were younger in age and had shorter disease duration and less DAS28 than RA patients with relatively high TNF-α gene expression levels. In addition, they had higher CRP and RF levels. Young age was detected as a significant predictor for relatively higher IL-6 gene expression levels than TNF-α. In conclusion, most active RA patients had higher IL-6 gene expression levels than TNF-α. Young age could be considered a significant predictor for relatively high IL-6 gene expression levels among active RA patients.","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of IL-17A rs2275913, IL-23R rs11209026 polymorphisms and serum level of IL-17A with rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian patients.","authors":"Hala A A Abdellah,&nbsp;Mona F Mohamed,&nbsp;Mohamed A Esmail,&nbsp;Asmaa M Goda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have reported genetic polymorphisms at the IL-23/IL-17 axis linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in many populations. We aimed to investigate the association of IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-23R rs11209026 polymorphisms with susceptibility to RA and, disease clinical features and the serum level of IL-17A in Egyptian patients. This case-control study included 94 RA cases and 74 controls. TaqMan genotyping assays were used for detection of gene polymorphism and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify IL-17A serum level. There was significant difference between RA patients and controls in genotypic distribution and allelic frequency of IL-17A rs 2275913 (p < 0.0001). The GG genotype had 7 times higher risk for RA development (OR=7.04: 95% CI 2.11:23.46, p value= 0.001). Also, GG genotype was associated with higher level of serum IL-17 A compared to GA and AA genotypes (p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients carrying the GG genotype had higher disease activity score 28 (DAS28) score (4.99±0.84) compared to patients with GA (2.73±0.52, p < 0.0001) and patients with AA genotypes (2.67±0.41, p < 0.0001). Genotypic distribution of IL-23R rs11209026 was significantly different between RA patients and controls (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference between the allelic frequency in both groups (p=0.08). IL-23R rs11209026 SNP was not a risk for RA development. However, DAS28 was lower in AA genotype than AG and GG genotypes (p=0.002, p=0.009 respectively). The mean serum IL-17A level was higher among the RA patients (39.07±10.47 pg./ mL) compared to controls (15.23±1.88 pg/ mL; p < 0.0001). Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-17A serum level and DAS28 score (Spearman r = 0.42; p value < 0.0001). We concluded that the variant IL-17A (rs2275913) genotype could be a risk factor for RA in our population and IL-17A may play a crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"30 3","pages":"134-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble CD163 impact as a prognostic biomarker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","authors":"H. Ragab, H. R. Attia, N. A. Maksoud, Mona H. Ibrahim, Mai M Mohamed, Abdelkarim Kamel, M. E. Sobeih, Mohamed A M Kamal, Wafaa Abd Elaziz","doi":"10.55133/eji.300308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300308","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant blood disorder in which there is an excess of white blood cells (lymphocytes) in blood and lymphoid tissues. CLL patients experience different clinical behaviors with diversity in disease course and outcome. Accordingly, prognostic markers are crucial for employing appropriate therapy protocols. CD163 (cluster of differentiation 163) is a monocyte/macrophage receptor. Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is an emerging prognostic player in the field of hematopoietic neoplasms. This study aimed to assess the prognostic potential of sCD163 as a serological marker in CLL. The study included 41 CLL patients and 44 apparently normal healthy volunteers as controls. Expression of CD38 and cytoplasmic ZAP 70 in CLL cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), sCD23, and sCD163 serological markers were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of sCD163 were statistically significantly higher in CLL cases compared to controls (p=0.000). sCD163 levels were positively correlated with absolute lymphocyte count, sCD23, and B2M levels (p= 0.027, p=0.01, and p=0.004, respectively). In conclusion, levels of sCD163 in CLL is a promising prognostic tool for evaluating disease progression.","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"169 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73080654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma brain natriuretic peptide, D-Dimer, and serum troponin-I as predictors for in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19.","authors":"A. Mahmoud, Heba A Abd El-Hafeez, Areej O Ali, A. Hassan, M. I. Seddik","doi":"10.55133/eji.300304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300304","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, a variety of strains of the virus were spread throughout the world, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic in March 2020. Additionally, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from fatigue and fever to severe respiratory and cardiovascular complications. This study evaluated the role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin-I and D-dimer as biomarkers for death prediction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The study included 90 patients with COVID -19 diagnosed with PCR-RNA testing. They were divided into survivors and non-survivors. Also, 20 apparently healthy individuals age and sex matched were included as a control group. Plasma BNP and serum troponin-I were measured by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) technique. D-dimer was measured by a turbidimetric technique. Patients with COVID-19 had significantly elevated levels of serum Troponin-I and plasma BNP in comparison to controls (p < 0.0001, for both). D-dimer, troponin-I and BNP levels were significantly higher in the non-survivors group when compared to the survivors group. Troponin-1 can predict COVID-19 severity with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 55.1%, 66.7%, and 57.8%, respectively at a cutoff value of 0.075 (ng /ml); and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.670 (95% CI: 0.551 - 0.790, p=0.018). BNP can predict COVID-19 severity with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 98.6%, 71.4%, 92.2%, respectively at a cutoff value of 16.02 (Pg /ml) and AUC of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.778 - 0.965, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only BNP level can significantly predict death among COVID-19 infected patients. In conclusion, plasma BNP and serum troponin-I could be used as prognostic biomarkers for determination of the severity of COVID-19 and BNP could predict mortality.","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"21 1","pages":"32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the natural killer cell, IFN- and IL-10 blood levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Asmaa A El Sehmawy, Shaimaa Abd Elaziz, F. Diab, Mona G Al Anany, R. Y. Elamir, Hanan F. Ibrahim, Nora Seliem, Nglaa F Agiba","doi":"10.55133/eji.300302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300302","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, affects millions of youngsters and typically persists into adulthood. The pathophysiology of ADHD may be due to an impaired immune response, common genetics, and environmental linkages, as all have been suggested as potential underlying mechanisms for ADHD. During systemic inflammation, natural killer (NK) cells can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon (IFN- ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL-10); this demonstrates the importance of both of their roles as regulators to counteract inflammation and prevent immune-mediated host damage. In this work we aimed to determine the role of inflammation in children with ADHD by measuring the level of NK cells in peripheral blood compared to typically developing children besides estimating the inflammatory cytokines INF- and IL -10 in both groups. This study included 50 children diagnosed with ADHD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition and 50 age and sex- matched normally developed children, as controls. The estimation of NK was done using flow cytometry, while the studied cytokines were measured using the ELISA technique. We found that children with ADHD had a significantly higher level of NK cells in peripheral blood compared to controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, increased IFN -, while decreased IL-10 serum levels were observed in children with ADHD compared to their control group. In conclusion our findings suggested that children with ADHD may have impaired immune responses, as NK cells were increased in peripheral blood compared to the control group. Also, the serum level of IFN - was higher, while the serum level of IL-10 was lower in ADHD children as compared to controls.","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"59 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human leukocyte antigen - B27 and antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ankylosing Spondylitis: associations and clinical outcome.","authors":"Hanaa M El Maghraby,&nbsp;Wafaa K Makram,&nbsp;Heba A E Mohamed,&nbsp;Marian A Gerges","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic disabling rheumatic disease with indefinite etiology. Human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) carriage and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of AS. The objective of this study was to determine the association of HLA-B27 carriage, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) to K. pneumoniae with AS, and its clinical outcome. In a case-control study, HLA-B27 carriage was detected by polymerase chain reaction, serum IgG to K. pneumoniae was measured by ELISA, and K. pneumoniae was isolated from the stool of 40 AS patients who were compared to age and sex-matched 40 normal individuals. Clinical findings, disease activity, and functional ability were evaluated for all AS patients. HLA-B27, serum IgG to K. pneumoniae, and fecal carriage of Klebsiella were significantly higher in AS patients when compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all). Disease activity and functional score categories were significantly higher in HLA-B27 positive AS patients with an elevated titer of K. pneumoniae IgG than in HLA-B27 negative patients with low titer of K. pneumoniae IgG (p < 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, HLA-B27 carriage and K. pneumoniae infections could play a significant role in the development and clinical outcome of AS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"30 3","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9806634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic retinopathy and its relation to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level.","authors":"Samar M Abd El-Hamid,&nbsp;Enas A Farrag,&nbsp;Asmaa M Gamal El-Deen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of the proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, results in hyperglycemia. Abnormalities in the function of insulin on target cells, its release from beta cells, or both may contribute to DM. The purpose of this research was to assess the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and biochemical parameters. The study included 44 normal control subjects, 44 diabetic participants, who were separated into four groups based on their diabetes status and the results of fundoscopic examination. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure the levels of BDNF in the serum. The analysis revealed that diabetics had significantly lower serum BDNF levels than non-diabetics (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant reduction in BDNF levels with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in comparison with diabetics without DR (p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum BDNF levels decreased significantly in diabetics with and without DR compared to apparently healthy individuals, as well as with the progression of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":39724,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of immunology / Egyptian Association of Immunologists","volume":"30 3","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}