{"title":"The low cost alternative to UPS","authors":"E. Gulachenski","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471045","url":null,"abstract":"A case is made for improving the performance of computers during Power Quality events without the need for a separate uninterruptable power supply (UPS). The concept of enhanced power supplies for computer based equipment is described showing that one second of ride through for a complete loss of voltage will eliminate most of the computer shutdowns attributed to poor power quality. The New England Electric PQ Research Study which involves monitoring supplied power quality to 50,000 customers in Mass and Rhode Island, is described to show how enhanced power supplies are the least cost solution. Numbers are discussed suggesting that savings approaching a million dollars a week to residential customers alone of a utility the size of New England Electric are possible if all PCs came from the factory with one second of ride through built in.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selecting the right cache architecture for high performance PCS","authors":"T. Horton","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471043","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of asynchronous SRAMs have led SRAM vendors to provide new SRAM architectures with simpler interfaces in order to improve system performance. One of the new architectures that is becoming an industry standard for the second level cache (L2) for the Intel Pentium processor is a 32K/spl times/32 pipeline burst mode SRAM. The architecture, backed by Intel and multiple SRAM vendors, is an effort to standardize the 32K/spl times/32 burst mode SRAM and system design interface for a second level cache (L2) for the Pentium processor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical imaging of cardiac activity","authors":"D.H. Brooks","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471054","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a methodology for a systematic approach to the processing of measurements of electrical potentials which originate in cardiac electrical activity. This methodology can be seen as an imaging modality whose goal is the display and interpretation of an image of the electrical activity of the heart. It requires the display and analysis of electric field data as a function of time and space on complex, irregular three-dimensional geometries. This imaging modality does not reconstruct anatomy, but rather it uses an anatomical model as a basis with which to analyze physical quantities originating in the heart. The goals of this analysis are to achieve a better understanding of normal and abnormal electrical activity of the heart and to apply this knowledge to the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121125633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater acoustic communications","authors":"M. Stojanovic","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471021","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, underwater acoustic (UWA) communications have received much attention as their applications are beginning to shift from military towards commercial. UWA communications are made difficult by the combined effect of multipath propagation and high temporal and spatial variability of the channel conditions. Until recently, the design of communication systems has mostly relied on the use of noncoherent modulation techniques. However, to achieve high data rates on the severely bandlimited UWA channels, bandwidth-efficient modulation techniques must be considered, together with array processing for exploitation of spatial multipath diversity. The new generation of underwater communication systems employing phase-coherent modulation techniques will achieve at least a ten fold increase in data throughput. The communication scenario in which the modern UWA systems will operate is that of an underwater network consisting of stationary and mobile nodes. Current research focuses on the development of efficient signal processing algorithms, multiuser communications in the presence of interference, and design of efficient modulation and coding schemes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124256204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From start to finish: protecting ideas and inventions with intellectual property","authors":"J.S. Iandiorio","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471040","url":null,"abstract":"When a new idea is conceived or a new product or method is designed, one of the first thoughts that occurs is: Can I protect this? Can I keep competitors from copying this? This concern deals with the very real and practical reasons for protecting your new idea. Investors are loathe to put money into a venture that cannot establish a unique product niche for itself. Stockholders will challenge a corporation's investment of its resources in a program that can be easily copied once introduced to the market. All the time, effort and money invested in perfecting the idea, as well as advertising and promoting it, can be wasted if imitators can enter the market on your heels with products just like yours. Moreover, the imitators can cut prices because they have not incurred start-up expenses you had to endure to bring the idea from conception to a mass-producible, reliable and appealing product or service. The things that may be protected include, for example, a new product, new method or process, new service, new promotional or merchandising scheme or approach, new packaging or new design. There are a number of types of protection: patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright. In some cases overlapping protection may be obtained. This paper explains the kinds of items protected by each of these types of protection and the nature of the protection.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126010961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential GPS markets in the 1990's","authors":"Michael Dyment, Michelle Martin","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471036","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the information presented in this paper is derived from a study performed in 1992 by KV Research entitled \"Differential GPS markets in the 1990's, a Cross Industry Study\". The paper considers how the economic activity associated with differential GPS navigation and positioning is expected to accumulate. It studies DPGS market size.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130167012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algorithms for network reliability and connection availability analysis","authors":"A. Shooman","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471030","url":null,"abstract":"Communications networks used for transmitting and receiving voice or digital data involve copper wire, fiber optics, radio, satellite, and microwave links. In general, these networks are large, diffuse, and complex. Even using modern high-speed computers, exact computations of the network reliability for use as a figure of merit in an interactive network design procedure can take an inordinate amount of time. This paper discusses various exact techniques whose complexity results in run-times short enough for practical network design. We model the network by an undirected probabilistic graph whose vertices represent the nodes and whose edges represent the links. A special feature of our model is that it allows nodes to be imperfect and associates a reliability measure with each node, assumed to succeed or fail independently. Therefore, the network reliability measure is based upon the reliability measures of the individual links and nodes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114134338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating warranty and service costs from MTBF estimates","authors":"J. P. Fahy","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471050","url":null,"abstract":"What is the cost of warranty? What is the cost of service? What are the cost trade-offs between product reliability and sell price? In today's aggressive marketplace with shrinking profit margins and shorter product introduction times these questions are being asked earlier in the product design cycle. In many, if not most instances the information needed to derive the \"exact\" answer is net available. Compounding the problem are workplaces with reduced staffing, fewer resources and a driving emphasis to do more with less. In this environment the alternative to providing the exact answer is to provide reasonable or ballpark estimates that show the interaction of various costing elements and allow the critical items to be identified and addressed as needed, This document presents a simplified method of estimating product service/warranty costs as a function of some basic, though not always easily obtained inputs. The method utilizes existing field actual data of similar products for predicting service activity on new products. Rates and numbers presented are for computer equipment and related peripheral devices operating in benign or office-like environments, but the methodology may be applied to other types of equipment and environments with the appropriate adjustments. The focus of this presentation will be \"keep it simple\" and assumes the reader has a basic understanding of reliability and service terms and terminology. Costs derived in this presentation will be referred to as product service-costs and will be quantified on a per unit per year basis (the amount that would need to be added to the sell or service price of each unit to recover the costs of the ones that fail). Costs associated with 90 day, 180 day or other time intervals of warranty or service can easily be derived by the appropriate division.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133162741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The future of email or when will Grandma be on the net?","authors":"P. Giencke","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471047","url":null,"abstract":"What is the role of electronic mail in the office of the future? Electronic mail is growing rapidly beyond the sending of simple text messages, messages today can include graphics and audio. As e-mail technology becomes more enriched, its role becomes increasingly important and widespread both for work and home use. This paper starts with a tutorial on what e-mail is all about and how the architecture of e-mail is evolving. Finally, it expounds on what role e-mail will have in the office of the future and in the home.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116819043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internet: a computer support tool for building the human genome","authors":"Stanley E. Stolov","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1995.471028","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet's ability to link the international community's research and information services provides the Human Genome Project (HGP) with an inexhaustible information tool. The HGP sequences the adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymirne A, G, C, T character strings of the DNA of modern man and stores the data in international genomic databases. Remote operation of multiprocessor programs such as RETRIEVE and BLAST provides the latest genetic characteristics of any disease or matches a DNA character string with a yet to be discovered gene or protein. A typical application, finding the Alzheimer's Disease related genetic allele; determining the hybridizing probe for test; mapping the flanking markers on chromosome 19, demonstrates the power of Internet. The Protein Data Bank imaging programs like KINEMAGE and files containing protein atomic coordinates are available over the Internet. Within minutes the executable program and the protein file can be downloaded and imaged on a home PC. Laboratory automatic DNA sequencers are described in addition to commercial awards for new DNA Diagnostics Tools; a fledgling industry freshly seeded. The informational distribution services of the Internet connected to the voluminous databases of the HGP is a successful application of communications at the start of the Gene Age.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":397146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Electro/International 1995","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121224710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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