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The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition最新文献

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Introduction to L2 attrition 第二语言磨耗入门
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.27
T. Mehotcheva, B. Köpke
{"title":"Introduction to L2 attrition","authors":"T. Mehotcheva, B. Köpke","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"As the introduction to the section on second language (L2) attrition, this chapter provides a broad presentation to research on attrition of L2 and foreign languages (FL). We will first discuss the terminology used in the field, focusing on some important differences in the terminology used in first language (L1) attrition studies. It provides a short overview of the development of the field, outlining major challenges and obstacles that research on the topic has to deal with. Next, it briefly describes the major findings and knowledge amassed on the subject before reviewing in more detail the findings of some of the most significant and large-scale projects carried out on L2/FL attrition. A final presentation of several theoretical frameworks of interest for L2/FL attrition research will allow us to show how L2/FL attrition is commonly explained but also to provide some ideas for future research directions.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116409654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Introduction to Heritage Language Development 传统语言发展概论
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.33
S. Montrul, M. Polinsky
{"title":"Introduction to Heritage Language Development","authors":"S. Montrul, M. Polinsky","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents and analyses main factors that contribute to attrition in heritage languages. It shows that heritage speakers are a highly heterogeneous population from both a psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic point of view. In principle, their language can differ from the language of their input (baseline language, usually that of first-generation immigrants to a new country). The differences can be due to how the heritage language developed under reduced input conditions, interference from the dominant language (transfer) and innovations in the grammar, potential changes incipient in the input, and attrition proper. The latter is particularly apparent when the language of adult heritage speakers is compared with the language of bilingual children; such children outperform heritage speakers on a variety of linguistic properties. The critical factors that affect language change in heritage speakers include the age of onset of bilingualism and quantity/quality of input.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126056097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Language Attrition and the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis 语言损耗与特征重组假说
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.3
Michael T. Putnam, Silvia Perez-Cortes, Liliana Sánchez
{"title":"Language Attrition and the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis","authors":"Michael T. Putnam, Silvia Perez-Cortes, Liliana Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (FRH) is a theoretical approach according to which linguistic information is associated with atomic feature bundles and functional heads. Successful reassembly involves the reassignment of feature bundles to different functional heads. Here we discuss the benefits and challenges of modelling instances of language attrition through the lens of the FRH. Adopting Putnam & Sánchez’s (2013) position which associates incomplete acquisition and language attrition with the increased lack of activation of the recessive first language (L1) over the course of the lifespan, we demonstrate here the potential to integrate these ideas with the FRH into a unified model. This chapter concludes with a discussion of how the core ideas can be extended to research beyond the traditional generative paradigm, including an extension to probabilistic models of linguistic analysis.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121873636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Attrition studies on Japanese returnees 日本海归流失研究
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.31
Hideyuki Taura
{"title":"Attrition studies on Japanese returnees","authors":"Hideyuki Taura","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines the major studies on second langauge (L2) attrition in Japanese returnees conducted in Japan. It covers research from Yoshida et al.’s study in 1989 to Taura’s study in 2016. Early researchers took an explorative stance to examine what happened to the L2 of Japanese returnees once they had left the L2 milieu. Then researchers shifted their focus towards testing various hypotheses including the regression and retrieval failure hypotheses. Since 2010, a new focus has been given to researching different language areas such as indefinite/definite articles, and story-telling skills. The exploratory data has been further diversified from spontaneous oral and written data to brain-imaging data. The overall findings in attrition research in Japan examining the language loss of Japanese returnees are chronologically detailed, along with how the research focus has shifted using different methods of data collection.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127789019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphological Attrition 形态磨损
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.19
E. Schmitt
{"title":"Morphological Attrition","authors":"E. Schmitt","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a review of research on morphological aspects of first language (L1) attrition, focusing on derivational and inflectional morphology in various languages. Morphological attrition is considered from perspectives of the Markedness Theory (e.g., Sharwood Smith, 1994), Regression Hypothesis (e.g., Keijzer, 2010a), Activation Threshold Hypothesis (e.g., Paradis, 2007), Interface Hypothesis (e.g., Sorace, 2011), and 4-M Model (e.g., Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2017). Two main directions in accounting for differential susceptibility of morphemes to attrition are identified: a) focus on inherent properties of morphemes; and b) focus on mechanisms underlying morphological processing. The chapter concludes by considering challenges faced by morphological studies, including lack of consistency in types of informants, data, and data collection techniques, and limitations of the available theoretical approaches for the analysis of the complexity and variety of morphological operations and morphemes that become restructured, modified, and ultimately lost in the course of L1 attrition.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134508406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Quantifying Language Experience in Heritage Language Development 传承语言发展中的语言经验量化
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.34
S. Unsworth
{"title":"Quantifying Language Experience in Heritage Language Development","authors":"S. Unsworth","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in language experience is a key characteristic of heritage language development. To understand the impact of these varying experiences on children’s heritage language outcomes, researchers typically collate and quantify specific aspects of children’s language input, transforming or reducing them into other more general variables, such as language richness as a measure of input quality and amount of language exposure as a measure of input quantity. This chapter presents an overview of the most frequently used method of operationalizing language experience in bilingual language acquisition research, namely the parental questionnaire. It outlines some conceptual and practical issues surrounding parental questionnaires as a means of quantifying bilingual language experience as well as reviewing a number of questionnaires used in recent studies in more detail.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Implications of the Bottleneck Hypothesis for Language Attrition 瓶颈假说对语言损耗的影响
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.4
Roumyana Slabakova
{"title":"Implications of the Bottleneck Hypothesis for Language Attrition","authors":"Roumyana Slabakova","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the predictions of the Bottleneck Hypothesis for language attrition. The hypothesis compares different degrees of success/difficulty in the acquisition of syntax, semantics, and morphology. Its main tenets are that functional morphology presents the biggest challenge to acquisition, while syntax and semantics are relatively easier to acquire because they employ universal operations. The grammars of early and late attriters are examined to check these expectations. An overview of the literature suggests that early attriters are indeed challenged by inflectional morphology, especially when expressed by large paradigms and when lexical learning of affixes is involved. However, early attriters rarely have issues with basic syntax. Essentially the same picture emerges for late attriters, modulated by linguistic complexity, redundancy of the marker, opaqueness of form–meaning mapping, and usage frequency. While the Bottleneck Hypothesis is too large-grained to explain all findings, its predictions appear to be largely borne out.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114845396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Introduction to Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Approaches to Language Attrition 语言消耗的心理语言学和神经语言学研究导论
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.6
B. Köpke, Merel Keijzer
{"title":"Introduction to Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Approaches to Language Attrition","authors":"B. Köpke, Merel Keijzer","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"It is now widely accepted that language attrition is inextricably linked to processes and mechanisms that have their origin in the human mind/brain. However, the field of attrition has built on linguistic, sociolinguistic, and applied linguistic perspectives, and psycholinguistic or neurolinguistics approaches did not have a place in this tradition until relatively recently. In this introductory chapter, we first of all sketch how psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic insights have very quickly become a pillar of attrition research. To do this, this introduction explores language attrition as a processing, memory, and brain mechanism before turning to an outline of the contributions in this section. As part of this tripartite introduction, models and theories that are introduced include activation and inhibition, declarative vs. procedural memory, retrieval induced forgetting, the savings account, and neural multifunctionality and plasticity.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Language Attrition and the Competition Model 语言流失与竞争模式
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.2
B. MacWhinney
{"title":"Language Attrition and the Competition Model","authors":"B. MacWhinney","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores ways in which the Competition Model can illuminate our understanding of language attrition. The analysis begins by formulating four key puzzles that arise from empirical studies of language attrition. These involve the role of permastore, variation across linguistic levels, patterns of forgetting during childhood, and the neural network problem of catastrophic interference. We then consider how the interplay between cognitive and social processes envisioned in the Competition Model can help in the formulation of solutions to these various puzzles.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121518211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Phonological Attrition 语音磨损
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.18
Chiara Celata
{"title":"Phonological Attrition","authors":"Chiara Celata","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at how the study of native language (L1) phonological attrition reveals that the system of phonological contrasts of the L1 may change as a consequence of new language (L2) acquisition in adulthood. It also reveals that changes at the system level may underpin the variable pronunciation patterns that have been observed in phonetic studies at the local level of individual segments or features. Such changes may include contrast blurring as well as boosting of the distinctiveness among system elements as a reaction to contact with a different phonological system. In addition to speech production, perception is also affected by the effects of phonological changes in L1 attrition, showing how pervasive the attrition phenomena may be for both speaking and listening abilities","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131410284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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