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The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition最新文献

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The Impact of Frequency of Use and Length of Residence on L1 Attrition 使用频率和居住时间对母语损耗的影响
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.24
M. Schmid
{"title":"The Impact of Frequency of Use and Length of Residence on L1 Attrition","authors":"M. Schmid","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.24","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter offers a review the empirical evidence on the impact of frequency of first language (L1) use and length of residence in the country where that is the primary language spoken on language development in an attrition setting. The chapter starts out by outlining the relevant theoretical frameworks of forgetting and maintaining knowledge and then it presents a summary of existing empirical research on language attrition. The chapter then concludes by suggesting that the available evidence points to a complex picture of interaction among external and predictor variables across the range of linguistic skills available to an individual, but that, in part due to methodological inconsistencies and limitations, no full and comprehensive picture has been arrived at to date.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
How Bilingualism Affects Syntactic Processing in The Native Language 双语如何影响母语的句法加工
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.9
Paola E. Dussias, Jorge R. Valdés Kroff, Michael A. Johns, Alvaro Villegas
{"title":"How Bilingualism Affects Syntactic Processing in The Native Language","authors":"Paola E. Dussias, Jorge R. Valdés Kroff, Michael A. Johns, Alvaro Villegas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we survey recent contributions to the research on bilingual language processing that demonstrate how exposure to a second language, even for a brief period of time, can impact processing in the native language. We focus our discussion primarily on syntactic and morpho-syntactic processing. In light of this evidence, we argue that claims of language attrition may not be as clear-cut as one may think when online language processing is taken into account. A second goal of our chapter is to show that eye-tracking is a premier behavioural method by which we can come to understand fine-grained changes in online language processing. In doing so, we hope to illustrate how the study of online language processing via eye-tracking can help to clarify issues in language attrition.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"87 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Memory Retrieval and Language Attrition 记忆检索和语言损耗
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.8
Jared Linck, J. Kroll
{"title":"Memory Retrieval and Language Attrition","authors":"Jared Linck, J. Kroll","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Being bilingual has consequences for lexical retrieval in either language, in some situations leading to reduced access to one of a bilingual’s languages—suggesting the possibility of language attrition. In this chapter, we consider how a general memory mechanism behind forgetting can inform the discussion of bilingual language control. In particular, we focus on retrieval induced forgetting (RIF), which is believed to be driven by inhibition. Research into the psycholinguistic mechanisms supporting bilingual language processing has similarly accumulated a growing body of evidence that inhibitory mechanisms play an important role in developing and maintaining proficiency in multiple languages. We consider whether the phenomenon of native language attrition in fact reflects language loss per se or instead reflects the dynamics of a highly-interactive language system that is constantly in flux.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131169543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childhood Language Memory in Adult Heritage Language (Re)Learners 成人传承语言学习者的童年语言记忆
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.38
Janet S. Oh, T. Au, Sun-Ah Jun, Richard M. Lee
{"title":"Childhood Language Memory in Adult Heritage Language (Re)Learners","authors":"Janet S. Oh, T. Au, Sun-Ah Jun, Richard M. Lee","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.38","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter first reviews the authors’ investigations into the potential benefits of early childhood experiences with a heritage language on later language (re)learning among immigrant-background adults. It then turns to their newer investigation on how these findings might extend to better understand whether a brief re-exposure to the target language, in the form of a language class, can help adults who were internationally adopted as infants to access their early childhood language memory. Overall, there were clear advantages among adoptees after two weeks of re-exposure, in both phoneme perception and production. Although prior findings by the authors supported a rather robust adoptee relearner advantage over novice learners in phoneme perception, this group difference was more attenuated in the present study. Nonetheless, the sample means do consistently—numerically if not statistically—support an adoptee relearner advantage.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Language Attrition as a Special Case of Processing Change 作为加工变化特例的语言损耗
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.7
M. Smith
{"title":"Language Attrition as a Special Case of Processing Change","authors":"M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the ways in which language processing has been treated in both the attrition and the acquisition literature, embedding the discussion within a wider view of how knowledge representations change over time. Even where particular types of language representation are understood to be governed by principles unique to language, attrition must be seen as a manifestation of general cognitive processing principles as well. For this you need a framework that allows many different strands of research to be carried out within a single, detailed, workable, unified account. This can lead to richer and more reliable explanations of research findings. The chapter will employ such a framework to examine language attrition with regard to 1) the nature and operation of language processing mechanisms; 2) how these relate to other types of cognitive processing; 3) how processing acts as the driver of representational change.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116422074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Interface Hypothesis as a Framework for Studying L1 Attrition 界面假设作为研究母语损耗的框架
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.42
G. Chamorro, A. Sorace
{"title":"The Interface Hypothesis as a Framework for Studying L1 Attrition","authors":"G. Chamorro, A. Sorace","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198793595.013.42","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on first generation individual attrition from the point of view of the Interface Hypothesis (IH), which proposes that structures at the interface between syntax and other cognitive domains, such as pragmatics, are more likely to undergo attrition than structures that do not involve such an interface, and discusses recent research that provides evidence of the selectivity and reversibility of individual first language (L1) attrition. This research provides supporting evidence for the IH as it reveals that attrition affects structures at the syntax-pragmatics interface but not structures requiring the satisfaction of semantic conditions. This chapter also reviews research that supports Sorace’s (2011, 2016) proposal that individual L1 attrition affects only the ability to process interface structures but not knowledge representations, as it reveals that attrition only affects online sensitivity with structures at the syntax-pragmatics interface rather than causing a permanent change in speakers’ L1 knowledge representations.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Phonetic Attrition 语音磨损
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.17
E. de Leeuw
{"title":"Phonetic Attrition","authors":"E. de Leeuw","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"Phonetic attrition, that is changes in native speech upon acquisition of a second language or dialect post adolescence, reflects malleability of the native language system, with potential trickle down effects initially evidenced in phonological attrition. Examining a range of studies into segmental and prosodic attrition, this chapter discusses phonetic attrition as it occurs in native speech and reflects on interpersonal differences, as well as different developmental processes which underlie phonetic attrition.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120944337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
L2 Lexical Attrition 二语词汇消耗
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.30
Jenifer Larson-Hall
{"title":"L2 Lexical Attrition","authors":"Jenifer Larson-Hall","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty years of research in second language (L2) lexical attrition has focused on the question of whether L2 vocabulary attrites in a variety of situations. This research has necessarily been exploratory and descriptive, but has essentially treated the lexicon as a collection of separate words. This chapter outlines a proposal for future study of the L2 lexicon as an integrated network by introducing Meara’s constant decay hypothesis. Since lexical loss is so strongly linked with memory, classic and more recent findings on how lexical memory degrades when the words are not integrated into a cohesive lexical system is reviewed and provides a floor against which to measure attrition of integrated systems. A review of significant research results in L2 lexical attrition focuses on how attrition is affected by the factors of age of learning, length of incubation, types of words, and target language.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124624963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Event-related Potentials as Metrics of Foreign Language Learning and Loss 事件相关电位作为外语学习和损失的度量
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.32
Lee Osterhout, Ilona Pitkänen, Judith McLaughin, Margarita Zeitlin
{"title":"Event-related Potentials as Metrics of Foreign Language Learning and Loss","authors":"Lee Osterhout, Ilona Pitkänen, Judith McLaughin, Margarita Zeitlin","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"We report here a study of adult first language (L1) English speakers who were enrolled in a university course of second language (L2) Finnish instruction. We investigated the acquisition and retention of the phonotactic Finnish Vowel Harmony rule. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded while learners read a list of Finnish words and word-like non-words, some of which violated vowel harmony. ERPs were recorded near the beginning, middle, and end of the instructional period, and during a post-instruction language attrition session. The violations elicited an N400 effect during early stages of learning and a P600 effect after additional instruction. Conversely, violations elicited a P600 after short attrition periods and an N400 after longer periods. Our results support a processing-based version of the regression hypothesis: learners gradually transitioned from a lexical processing mode to a grammatical processing mode during the acquisition phase, with the reverse transition occurring once instruction has ended.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134552641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Language Loss and Language Learning in Internationally Adopted Children 国际收养儿童的语言丧失与语言学习
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.37
Lara J. Pierce, F. Genesee, D. Klein
{"title":"Language Loss and Language Learning in Internationally Adopted Children","authors":"Lara J. Pierce, F. Genesee, D. Klein","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"Internationally adopted (IA) children begin acquiring one language from birth (L1), but typically discontinue it in favour of their adoption language (L2). Language attrition occurs quickly with IA children unable to speak/understand their L1 within months of adoption. However, as adults IA test participants show certain advantages in this language compared to monolingual speakers never exposed to it, suggesting that certain elements of the L1 may be retained. Neuroimaging studies have found that IA participants exhibit brain activation patterns reflecting the retention of L1 representations and their influence on L2 processing. This chapter reviews research on L1 attrition in IA children, discussing whether/how elements of the L1 may be retained. It discusses how L1 attrition versus retention might influence subsequent language processing in the L1 and L2. Implications of language attrition versus retention patterns observed in IA participants for neuroplasticity and language acquisition are also discussed beyond this specific group.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131359769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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