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The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition最新文献

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Ageing as a Confound in Language Attrition Research 老龄化是语言消耗研究中的一个困惑
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.11
Eve Higby, A. Lerman, Marta Korytkowska, T. Malcolm, L. Obler
{"title":"Ageing as a Confound in Language Attrition Research","authors":"Eve Higby, A. Lerman, Marta Korytkowska, T. Malcolm, L. Obler","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"Language attrition research often focuses on adults living in non-native language environments for many years. Many of these individuals are older adults when tested. Because certain aspects of language are vulnerable to both attrition and ageing (e.g., lexical retrieval), some of the changes observed for language attriters may be due in part to ageing. In this chapter we ask: Are native-language changes for older adult attriters solely a result of reduced levels of native-language use or are they due in part to ageing? We consider neurophysiological changes that may play a role in language attrition and in non-pathological ageing to speculate whether the neurobiological sources of these two processes are similar or different. As attrition and ageing appear to exert independent effects on lexical retrieval decline, one must consider the effects of each of these factors on lexical retrieval for older adult bilinguals immersed in a non-native language environment","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123834829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Complex Dynamic Systems Perspective on Personal Background Variables in L1 Attrition 母语流失中个人背景变量的复杂动态系统视角
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.5
Conny Opitz
{"title":"A Complex Dynamic Systems Perspective on Personal Background Variables in L1 Attrition","authors":"Conny Opitz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodological challenges associated with studying personal background variables in first language (L1) attrition from the perspective of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST). It starts with a review of extant research which, despite concerted efforts to design rigorous, comparable studies, to date has not turned up strong, unambiguous predictors for L1 attrition. I argue that this failure lies in the nature of language as a complex dynamic system, and consequently in the properties of variables, their interaction, and varying contribution to the process and outcome of L1 attrition, and indeed to L1 and L2 (second language) acquisition in the larger context of multilingual development. CDST provides a challenge not just for common empirical and analytical approaches to attrition, but for the very notion of ‘predictor’. The chapter concludes by discussing some ways in which the current stalemate may be overcome.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128783663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Language Development in Bilingual Returnees 双语海归的语言发展
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.39
Cristina Flores
{"title":"Language Development in Bilingual Returnees","authors":"Cristina Flores","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter discusses language development in bilingual returnees, that is second or third generation ex-migrants, who have lived for an extended period in a migration context and have, at some point in their life, returned to their (or their parents’) country of origin. The return to the homeland comes along with a significant shift in the returnees’ input conditions, which allows discussing two different dimensions of this particular bilingual population. On the one hand, research on returnees allows investigating the effects of loss of contact with the ex-environmental (dominant) language. On the other hand, this population experiences increasing exposure to the heritage language (back in the homeland), giving valuable insights to heritage language development in an input setting that is still understudied","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125133948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
2L1 Simultaneous Bilinguals as Heritage Speakers 以传统语言为母语的同时双语者
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.36
T. Kupisch
{"title":"2L1 Simultaneous Bilinguals as Heritage Speakers","authors":"T. Kupisch","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter is concerned with simultaneous bilinguals (2L1s) assuming that they are a subtype of the heritage speaker (HS). The chapter summarizes major findings with regard to their morpho-syntactic and phonological characteristics, starting with the two competing views on bilingual language development that postulated fused language systems as opposed to autonomous development several decades ago. In the 1990s, when the idea of separate systems had been widely accepted, research has concentrated on the question under which conditions the two languages of bilingual children show unidirectional or bidirectional influence—a question which is also relevant in the current literature on adult HSs. The present chapter relates findings from developing heritage bilinguals and adult HSs, discussing divergent acquisition outcomes that diverge from those of monolingual with regard to cross-linguistic influence, age of onset, input and language dominance, as well as distance to the homeland.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122684258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Introduction to Extralinguistic Factors in Language Attrition 语言消耗中的语言外因素导论
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.22
M. Schmid, Mirela Cherciov
{"title":"Introduction to Extralinguistic Factors in Language Attrition","authors":"M. Schmid, Mirela Cherciov","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most puzzling explanatory challenges to language attrition research is to identify the circumstances and predictors under which any particular speaker is likely to experience more or less attrition phenomena: it is a well-established finding that speakers who use more than one language in their daily lives develop increased variability concerning their first language (L1) skills across the full range of the linguistic repertoire, from phonetics through the lexicon and morphosyntax to pragmatics and beyond. However, the search for predictive factors—those features of an individual’s personal background, language habits and experience, and attitudes and motivation which may contribute to making someone a good vs. a poor L1 maintainer—has, to date, been largely inconclusive. This chapter provides a brief overview of the available research and sketches some open questions, before introducing the contributions to the present section.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
L1 Attrition, L2 Development, and Integration 一级人员流失，二级人员发展和整合
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.25
G. yılmaz
{"title":"L1 Attrition, L2 Development, and Integration","authors":"G. yılmaz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the research on the attrition of native language (L1) in late bilinguals in relation to their second language (L2) development and integration into the L2 society. Despite lack of empirical evidence, it is often implicitly assumed that maintaining L1 knowledge impedes L2 learning. Furthermore, individuals whose L1 skills decline as a result of immersion in an L2 environment and become highly competent in the L2 are expected to achieve better cultural integration as opposed to those who prefer to preserve their mother tongue. We point to the fact that bilingualism and biculturalism have often been investigated independently and hence the lack of evidence for a straightforward association between the development of languages and cultural affiliation; and we call for in-depth studies that integrate language and culture in order to reveal their consequences for L1 development.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127336341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age Effects in Language Attrition 年龄对语言损耗的影响
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.23
Emanuel Bylund
{"title":"Age Effects in Language Attrition","authors":"Emanuel Bylund","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter discusses age effects in first language (L1) attrition. In particular, focus is placed on the age-related decline in attrition susceptibility, the extent to which age effects be counterbalanced by other factors, and the underlying mechanisms of age effects. In view of extant evidence, it is suggested that the change in heightened attrition susceptibility occurs at around 12 years of age (or puberty) (though this by no means implies that attrition does not occur past puberty). Relatedly, it is suggests that socio-psychological and cognitive factors have greater compensatory potential for prepubescent than postpubescent attriters. As to the underlying mechanisms of age effects, the impediment account, the psychosocial account, and the maturational account are discussed. It is suggested that out of these, the maturational account has the greatest explanatory potential. The chapter concludes with a number of testable principles of age effects on L1 attrition.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130798300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Neuroimaging Perspectives on L1 Attrition and Language Change L1损耗和语言改变的神经影像学研究
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.14
E. Rossi, Yanina Prystauka, Michele T. Diaz
{"title":"Neuroimaging Perspectives on L1 Attrition and Language Change","authors":"E. Rossi, Yanina Prystauka, Michele T. Diaz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the neuroimaging literature on language attrition, and how functional and structural aspects of language(s) are modulated under various contact and attrition phenomena. It focuses on the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and neural oscillations in studies of language attrition, and how such methods might be used in the future to better understand changes in neural activity corresponding to changes in language. Seminal literature is discussed, describing studies that mapped language maintenance and language loss (i.e., the case of adoptees in Pallier et al., 2003; Ventureyra et al., 2004). The neuroimaging literature on bilingual language control is examined more generally, proposing that the functional and structural patterns of activation and change for the native language observed in experimental paradigms to understand bilingual language processing at large might be used as a test-bed to investigate the earliest stages of L1 attrition.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122415711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Null and Overt Pronouns in Language Attrition 语言损耗中的虚代词和显性代词
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.21
Ayşe Gürel
{"title":"Null and Overt Pronouns in Language Attrition","authors":"Ayşe Gürel","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of studies on the use/interpretation of first language (L1) pronominals by late bilinguals who immigrated as adults to a second language (L2), living there for an extended period speaking the majority L2. It discusses how, among other linguistic properties, vulnerability in the L1 pronominal system has been documented. The chapter discusses why pronominals have become topical in L1 attrition research and reviews relevant research, demonstrating how different linguistic analyses proposed for adult L2 acquisition can also help identify the (un)changing characteristics of mature L1 grammar. The chapter deliberately confines itself to generative linguistics-based L1 attrition studies involving late bilinguals residing in an L2 country as first-generation immigrants, who typically become dominant L2 users after puberty, after which developmental point the L1 grammatical competence is believed to stabilize. Thus, any qualitative changes in L1 grammar of post-puberty bilinguals may have far-reaching implications for the alterability of L1 linguistic competence due to the L2. Studies discussed in this chapter are thus revealing as to the nature of the L1 attrition phenomenon in the pronominal domain.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126172981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonetic Drift 语音漂移
The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.16
Charles Chang
{"title":"Phonetic Drift","authors":"Charles Chang","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of research on the phonetic changes that occur in one’s native language (L1) due to recent experience in another language (L2), a phenomenon known as phonetic drift. Through a survey of empirical findings on segmental and suprasegmental acoustic properties, the chapter examines the features of the L1 that are subject to phonetic drift, the cognitive mechanism(s) behind phonetic drift, and the various factors that influence the likelihood of phonetic drift. In short, virtually all aspects of L1 speech are subject to drift, but different aspects do not drift in the same manner, possibly due to multiple routes of L2 influence coexisting at different levels of L1 phonological structure. In addition to the timescale of these changes, the chapter discusses the relationship between phonetic drift and attrition as well as some of the enduring questions in this area.","PeriodicalId":396604,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125209604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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