Annals of the ICRP最新文献

{"title":"Health issues today in affected areas near Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.","authors":"K Tanigawa","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to vigorous efforts to decontaminate the environment following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the size of the difficult-to-return zone has reduced significantly and people have started returning to their homes. As the population has increased, medical needs have ensued. A marked increase in traffic as well as decontamination and reconstruction projects has led to an increase in the number of road traffic and occupational accidents. Acceleration of population aging has resulted in an increased number of elderly residents with multiple medical problems. Uncontrolled/untreated medical problems among middle-aged to older workers have made them susceptible to deterioration of health conditions. Insufficient social support for elderly people living alone has resulted in delayed access to medical care. Early intervention and the prevention of health deterioration are instrumental. When responding to medical needs, proactive approaches, including home visits for elderly patients and health promotion, have been implemented. Human resource development is crucial to ensure the sustainability of these activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38984831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of the JHPS International Symposium on Tritiated Water.","authors":"H Yoshida","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) progresses, the issue of how to deal with tritiated water has been attracting attention, both domestically and internationally. This article summarises the live discussion at the International Symposium on Tritiated Water, which was held by the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) in June 2020. Two issues - the scientific safety of tritiated water and social consensus building - were covered in the live discussion. The importance of further disclosure and dissemination of information based on steady monitoring was highlighted. It was also pointed out that scientific knowledge and scientific research data are merely the bottom line to achieve social consensus. Through the discussions, it was recognised that the role of JHPS is not only to look at the technical issues of safety, but also to look at social issues from the point of view of radiation protection, and to support the solution of these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39080775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory approach to management of radioactive waste generated during remediation activities in the Chernobyl contaminated areas.","authors":"L F Rozdyalouskaya","doi":"10.1177/01466453211010855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211010855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.It is known that remediation activities in areas affected by radiological accidents may result in generation of huge volumes of very low-level radioactive waste that can overwhelm national capabilities, and be outside of the existing national regulation requirements for radioactive waste management. This may pose a challenge for adoption of an adequate strategy for remediation waste management and application of regulatory requirements that are commensurate with the waste hazard. The Republic of Belarus faced this problem after the Chernobyl accident when performing remediation activities in the contaminated areas. This article presents the experience of the Republic of Belarus in overcoming the challenges and conflicts that arose in the process of developing a rational strategy for safety management of remediation waste, and its justification and optimisation, bearing in mind the need to adopt advanced regulatory instruments of relevance to the management of this waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211010855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39183240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dialogue as therapy: the role of the expert in the ICRP Dialogues.","authors":"M Takahashi","doi":"10.1177/01466453211033758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211033758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Science communication is commonly framed as a battle with ignorance and the field of radiological protection is not exempt from this tendency. By correcting deficits in the public's understanding of science, the expert is often imagined to be able to convince the public of its objective safety ('anzen'), thereby inspiring a sense of calm ('anshin'). In the wake of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi disaster, however, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has sought to break with this tradition by organising a series of participatory seminars in which experts engage those affected by the disaster as equals. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article suggests that the Dialogue seminars can be best understood using the metaphor of therapy; using it to describe the premise, form, and objectives of the Dialogues with a view to identifying good practice for future radiological protection scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39315461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of computer simulator 'Kawauchi Legends' as disaster response medical training software: overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Arifumi Hasegawa,&nbsp;Mikiko Shiga,&nbsp;Keita Iyama","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical disaster response training is provided for international students in Kawauchi Village to share the lessons learnt from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. At present, this is difficult due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this article is to report the development of hands-on medical training software on a topic that does not require in-person attendance. The 'Kawauchi Legends' disaster simulator was developed as a useful tool to teach the medical response to various disasters, and this was applied in a 3-day webinar in October 2020. Fourteen students participated in the webinar and successfully learnt medical management, manipulating their avatars in the virtual environment. This software can be an effective substitute for in-person disaster training without physical involvement. Such innovative teaching methods mean that lessons from the Fukushima accident can continue to be shared, even in the COVID-19 pandemic situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39061373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation doses of workers engaged in decontamination of the environment.","authors":"T Ogawa,&nbsp;T Ueno,&nbsp;T Asano,&nbsp;A Suzuki,&nbsp;A Ito","doi":"10.1177/01466453211015395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211015395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on 11 March 2011, radioactive materials were released into the atmosphere resulting in environmental contamination. Following the implementation of environmental decontamination efforts, the Radiation Dose Registration Centre of the Radiation Effects Association established the radiation dose registration system for decontamination and related workers to consolidate and prevent the loss of radiation records. This article presents statistics on the radiation doses of decontamination and related workers using official records. Since approximately 10 years have passed since the accident in Fukushima, the types of work conducted in the affected restricted areas have changed over time. Therefore, changes in radiation dose for each type of work and comparisons with nuclear workers are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211015395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39288349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Radiological Protection in Brachytherapy.","authors":"Firas Mourtada,&nbsp;Christopher H Clement,&nbsp;L T Dauer,&nbsp;C Baureus Koch,&nbsp;J M Cosset,&nbsp;M Doruff,&nbsp;A Damato,&nbsp;F Guedea,&nbsp;P Scalliet,&nbsp;B Thomadsen,&nbsp;L Pinillos-Ashton,&nbsp;W Small","doi":"10.1177/01466453211013514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211013514","url":null,"abstract":"Brachytherapy procedures account for an important share of occupational radiation exposure in medicine for some facilities. Additionally, workers (staff) in brachytherapy treatment facilities can receive high radiation doses if radiological protection tools are not used properly. The Commission has provided recommendations for aspects of radiological protection during brachytherapy in Publications 97 and 98 (ICRP, 2005a,b), and for training in radiological protection associated with diagnostic and interventional procedures in Publication 113 (ICRP, 2009). This publication is focused specifically on occupational exposure during brachytherapy, and brings together information relevant to brachytherapy and occupational safety from the Commission’s published documents. The material and recommendations in the current publication have been updated to reflect the most recent recommendations of the Commission. While external beam radiation therapy results in minimal (or no) occupational doses with an appropriately shielded facility, brachytherapy uniquely presents the possibility for doses received by staff that require active management. In modern brachytherapy centres, radiation doses are incurred by staff (e.g. loading of seeds, plaques, caesium implants, associated fluoroscopy). There is also wide variation in the practice of brachytherapy on a global scale, and several facilities still practice older techniques with significantly higher staff dose potential (e.g. use of Ra, Ir wires). In addition, technological developments and newer techniques present new protection concerns for staff that need to be addressed with specific recommendations for the practising medical community. This publication includes discussions of the biological effects of radiation, principles of radiological protection, protection of staff during brachytherapy procedures, radiological protection training, and establishment of a quality assurance programme. Specific recommendations include training, monitoring, and robust quality assurance programmes. 2021 ICRP. Published by SAGE.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 3","pages":"5-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39404197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the role of experts: experiences from 35 years of Chernobyl consequences in Norway.","authors":"L Skuterud","doi":"10.1177/01466453211010921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211010921","url":null,"abstract":"The fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl accident caused dramatic and long-lasting consequences for parts of food production in Norway, and the indigenous Sámi reindeer-herding lifestyle and culture in central Norway was particularly threatened. Banning food production – or condemning food – was considered unacceptable in a long-term perspective, and huge efforts were made to develop mitigating options. Some of these are still in place, 35 years after the accident. This article describes some of the long-term efforts made by Norwegian authorities to attempt to alleviate the consequences for the reindeer herders. Every accident and crisis is unique, and this is true for the experiences in Norway. However, some of the experiences in Norway are likely to have universal value.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211010921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39080781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support activities in Namie Town, Fukushima undertaken by Hirosaki University.","authors":"Shinji Tokonami,&nbsp;Tomisato Miura,&nbsp;Naofumi Akata,&nbsp;Hirofumi Tazoe,&nbsp;Masahiro Hosoda,&nbsp;Kranrod Chutima,&nbsp;Hiromi Kudo,&nbsp;Koya Ogura,&nbsp;Yohei Fujishima,&nbsp;Yuki Tamakuma,&nbsp;Mayumi Shimizu,&nbsp;Kazutaka Kikuchi,&nbsp;Ikuo Kashiwakura","doi":"10.1177/01466453211006806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211006806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Several radiation monitoring research projects are underway on dose assessment, biological analysis, and risk communication under an agreement with Namie Town. Indoor radon and thoron progeny concentrations have been measured using passive-type monitors to estimate internal doses due to inhalation. In addition, airborne radiocaesium concentrations at five points in Namie Town have been analysed using a high-purity germanium detector to estimate internal doses for comparison with radon. External radiation doses from natural and artificial radionuclides have also been estimated using an in-situ gamma-ray spectrometer. Other support activities are mentioned briefly in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211006806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R&D of JAEA for the decommissioning of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station.","authors":"Koichi Noda","doi":"10.1177/01466453211010892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01466453211010892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in March 2011, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been contributing actively to the environmental recovery of Fukushima and the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station from a technical aspect, through a wide range of research and development (R&D) activities including fundamental research and applicational technology development. JAEA has been conducting R&D such as the characterisation of fuel debris, and treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes based on the 'Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap' authorised by the Japanese Government. This R&D is mainly promoted by Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS) in Tomioka Town, and CLADS has also been promoting cooperation with domestic and foreign research institutes, related companies, universities, etc. In addition, Naraha Centre for Remote Control Technology Development in Naraha Town commenced full operation in April 2016 for the development and demonstration of remote control technologies planned for use in the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station and disaster response. Okuma Analysis and Research Centre in Okuma Town is under construction for the analysis and characterisation of fuel debris and various radioactive wastes. Ten years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, and environmental conditions in Fukushima have been improving. The evacuation zone has been lifted, and preparation of specific recovery areas in the difficult-to-return zone has progressed. However, the reconstruction of Fukushima and the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station are still in progress, and JAEA will continue its R&D for the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station with domestic and international expertise in order to further contribute to the reconstruction of Fukushima.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":"50 1_suppl","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01466453211010892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39225724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}