Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2215994
Aaron B. Franzen, Pamela Koch
{"title":"Why Gun Control Reform Is So Difficult: A Latent Class Analysis of Gun Policy Preferences","authors":"Aaron B. Franzen, Pamela Koch","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2215994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2215994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Americans have a reoccurring discussion about firearms and gun culture in America with no policy changes. We used data from Pew Research fielded just after the Sandy Hook tragedy in 2012 to conduct a latent class analysis of gun policy positions and assess how demographic characteristics, such as religion, impact belonging to particular gun policy latent classes. Unlike much previous research, we analyzed not just individuals’ viewpoints on gun policy but also the actions they take regarding their viewpoints. In this attempt to understand why a seemingly dominant view (i.e., a desire to change gun laws) never seems to move forward, we found that the largest latent class is respondents favoring gun control but who are not active. Further, unlike those within the active gun control class, respondents in the active pro-gun latent class are more likely to contribute financially rather than just sign petitions or speak out.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"335 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2210322
Pamela Aronson, Carmel E. Price
{"title":"“I’m Doing This for Me:” Gendered Reasons for Enrolling in Postsecondary Education During a Time of Economic Uncertainty","authors":"Pamela Aronson, Carmel E. Price","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2210322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2210322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the gendered experiences of working class, nontraditional postsecondary students in the context of the Great Recession. Based on in-depth interviews with 75 students, and a longitudinal analysis of their academic transcripts 6 to 8 years later, we find that both men and women emphasized the importance of providing for their families. In the context of an economic downturn, interviewees were concerned about improving their job prospects with educational credentials to ensure greater financial stability. Yet whereas men focused primarily on financially providing for their families as their reason for enrolling in college, women emphasized both providing for their families and self-development. This blending of the perceived purposes of education suggests that women expressed a more complex, multifaceted understanding of their reasons for enrolling in education. This study has implications for not only the Great Recession but motivations for enrolling during other recessions, including the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"303 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43861225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2214747
R. L. Boyd
{"title":"White Immigrant Merchants, the U.S. Mexican Population, and Middleman Entrepreneurship in the Early Twentieth-Century American West","authors":"R. L. Boyd","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2214747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2214747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies applying middleman minority theory to white immigrants’ retail enterprise in the United States overlook the possibility that, in the early twentieth-century American West, white immigrants were attracted into merchandizing by opportunities to exploit a sizable and colonized Mexican population. The present study investigates this possibility. Regression analyses of 1930 Census data show that foreign-born whites were most likely to become merchants in those western locations that once belonged to Mexico and had the largest Mexican populations, consistent with the proposition that white immigrants’ middleman retail entrepreneurship was supported by the U.S. Mexican population’s size and colonized status. The results extend internal colonization scholarship by inferring that Mexican populations in the West, similar to black populations in non-western cities, provided white immigrants with a minority consumer market that was leveraged into retail enterprise in the early twentieth century. Thus, white immigrants, like native “Anglos,” benefited from the Mexican population’s subordination.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"321 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2199171
T. Prochnow, M. Patterson, Logan Hartnell, M. Renée, U. Meyer
{"title":"Online Gaming Network Communication Dynamics, Depressive Symptoms, and Social Support: A Longitudinal Network Analysis","authors":"T. Prochnow, M. Patterson, Logan Hartnell, M. Renée, U. Meyer","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2199171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2199171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Video games are part of everyday life for many Americans despite concerns for social isolation and depressive symptoms. Preliminary studies show gamers may compensate for lack of in-real-life (IRL) support with online connections. This longitudinal social network study investigated the social structure of an online gaming site and how social support, sense of community, and depressive symptoms relate to communication. Members (N = 40) of an online gaming site reported online and IRL support, sense of community, depressive symptoms, and usernames of other members whom they spoke to about important life matters. IRL and online social support, sense of community, and depressive symptoms significantly influenced changes in online gaming network structure over time. These results are timely given social isolation and mental health impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring how to healthfully build online connections through gaming may be an avenue for greater social support when IRL social support is lacking.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"272 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2199169
Yujia Lyu, Alison J. Bianchi
{"title":"Competence or Dominance? A Quasi-Experimental Test of Sense of Control, Status, and Power","authors":"Yujia Lyu, Alison J. Bianchi","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2199169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2199169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sense of control has been conceived as an individual-level mechanism shaping the unequal distribution of life outcomes. Yet recent studies imply its potential to form interpersonal hierarchies through two distinct dimensions: status and power. As extant theorizing favors status processes over power dynamics, we investigated it as a status element using status characteristic theory and a modified standardized experimental situation. We successfully detected sense of control’s limited capacity to form status hierarchies. However, further analyses suggest that aspects of interactional power, instead of competence-based status generalization, explain more variance in the observed influence patterns. We conclude that the detected hierarchies may be power based, but another research design should test this possibility. We then discuss the implications of these thought-provoking outcomes.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"350 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42363279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2199167
J. R. Koch, Kevin D. Dougherty
{"title":"Tattoos, Religiosity, and Deviance Among College Students","authors":"J. R. Koch, Kevin D. Dougherty","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2199167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2199167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For much of U.S. history, tattoos carried a stigma. The perception was that tattoos marked gang members and prisoners, not respectable church-going citizens. In recent decades, tattoos have become mainstream, even for some religious people. We analyze the number and content of tattoos in relationship to religiosity and deviance. We test four hypotheses using survey data from 3,525 students at 12 American colleges and universities, finding that the number of tattoos is largely unrelated to religiosity, but tattoo quantity is associated with binge drinking, marijuana use, and having multiple sexual partners. As expected, students with religious tattoos claim a stronger faith, pray more, and attend religious service more than students with no tattoos or non-religious tattoos. However, both religious tattoos and non-religious tattoos are associated with marijuana use and multiple sexual partners in contrast to those with no tattoos. To conclude, we offer a theory of sensation seeking to explain this irony.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"259 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2178045
C. A. Christie-Mizell, Brittany N. Hearne, Ryan D. Talbert, Cleothia Frazier
{"title":"Romantic Relationships, Parenthood, and the Personal Sense of Mastery: The Consequences of Gender among Young Adults","authors":"C. A. Christie-Mizell, Brittany N. Hearne, Ryan D. Talbert, Cleothia Frazier","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2178045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2178045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Solidifying a strong personal sense of mastery or control over life is a key developmental task in young adulthood. We investigate the extent to which intimate relationship status (i.e., marriage, cohabitation, monogamous dating, and singlehood) and parenthood simultaneously shape mastery for a longitudinal sample of 18- to 34-year-olds. We further investigate whether age qualifies the effects of relationship-parenthood status on the sense of mastery similarly for men and women. Regardless of parenthood and gender, marriage and cohabitation are related to higher mastery than monogamous dating and singlehood. On average, single fathers and mothers have the lowest mastery. As individuals age from their late twenties into their early thirties, married and monogamously dating men without children have the highest levels of mastery, while cohabiting men without children and monogamously dating mothers have the lowest levels of mastery.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"172 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2178044
Amber C. Tierney, L. Freese
{"title":"Visualizing Power: Michelle Obama, Political Communication, and Lifestyle Magazines","authors":"Amber C. Tierney, L. Freese","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2178044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2178044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Michelle Obama’s tenure as the First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) comported with many of the gendered expectations of the position, yet it also marked a significant symbolic transformation in the role. As FLOTUS, Obama’s work to address childhood obesity and promote access to nutritious foods through Let’s Move! and MyPlate defined her political identity. On its face, this work echoed the gendered policy issues embraced by previous first ladies; however, we argue that First Lady Obama strategically chose to center a coordinated set of symbolically laden, food-related, and domestic-imagery tropes in mass media publications in order to leverage political influence from within the confines of the feminized role of the FLOTUS. To test this claim, we perform visual content analysis on images embedded in women’s lifestyle magazines. We find that central to her calculated approach was the keen awareness of the symbolic power of domesticized imagery as a vehicle for legible, quickly comprehensible, and, above all else, universally appealing messaging. Thus, to promote her food policy platform and target the public health issue of childhood obesity, the FLOTUS intentionally deployed motifs of food as domestic imagery, which thereby acted as a “velvet glove” tactic to politicking.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"133 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46419402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2178046
Eyo O. Mensah
{"title":"The Guy Was a Toxic Player: The Discourse of Heterosexual Non-Marital-Relationship Breakups among Female Youth in Nigeria","authors":"Eyo O. Mensah","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2178046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2178046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the subjective narratives and experiences of urban female youth in heterosexual-relationship breakups in the Calabar metropolis, southeastern Nigeria, where they “do gender” and reposition female heterosexuality in order to gain access to new social spaces. Drawing on ethnographic qualitative data sourced through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 participants who had unilaterally cut romantic ties in the previous eighteen months, I interrogate from participants’ nuanced perspectives their previous relationship quality, causes of breakups, and social and structural factors that informed their decision to quit from the account of “doing gender” – a social-constructionist approach to gender which conceives the phenomenon as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction that recreates and reinforces the cultural meaning of gender. The results, based on linguistic evidence, demonstrate that narratives of gender equality, access to secure livelihood, and needs for emotional well-being as motivators for ending relationships reflect an agentic shift in the way young Nigerian women enact gendered scripts in heterosexual partnerships. The study concludes that breakups provide avenues for participants to exercise autonomy in decision-making and to negotiate gender and sexuality under conditions of patriarchal dominance and inequality in-line with broader social changes.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"192 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociological FocusPub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2023.2180465
Kody Steffy
{"title":"Habits of the Millennial Heart: Individualism and Commitment in the Lives of Young, Underemployed Americans","authors":"Kody Steffy","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2023.2180465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2023.2180465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents an exploratory mapping of millennial individualism. In doing so, it complicates the common popular and scholarly narrative that millennials as a generation are less committed to the broader social order. Instead, drawing from recent advances in the study of American culture, I show that millennial individualism can be compatible with extra-individual commitment. Analyses draw from in-depth interviews with a sample of underemployed millennials regarding their experiences with work and education, as well as their future orientations and life goals. Findings demonstrate that respondents relate to the broader social order using three styles of millennial individualism – self-realization, reflexive moralism, and utilitarian traditionalism. While the sample does not allow for generalization to the entire generation, the findings presented here demonstrate the clear potential of millennial individualism to translate into traditional institutional milestones, higher life purposes, and the greater good. Respondents with backgrounds from across the social class spectrum draw from individualistic discourses to construct an array of extra-individual commitments. Nevertheless, those from working-class backgrounds are more likely to orient their lives around the attainment of traditional milestones. In demonstrating how a group of millennials actually think about their lives in relation to society, findings suggest that millennial orientations may represent the latest iteration of American individualism rather than a break from the traditional social order.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"56 1","pages":"226 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}