Journal of Smoking Cessation最新文献

{"title":"Pilot Study of an Internet-Based, Simulated Teachable Moment for Smoking Cessation","authors":"Robin May, F. Walker, Simon de Burgh, R. Bartrop, G. Tofler","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.32","url":null,"abstract":"The internet has the potential to overcome geographic limitations for smoking cessation interventions, but further telehealth-based studies of utility are required.To investigate the efficacy of an internet-based version of a quit smoking approach using a personalised video to create a simulated teachable moment.Smokers within Australia were recruited through a dedicated website. After consent, eligible subjects, aged ≥30 years with a non-smoking partner, uploaded pictures of themselves, their partner and family, to be inserted into a video depicting the subject having a heart attack due to smoking, with consequences to them and their family. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) began prior to the quit attempt. The video was shown during two videoconference counselling sessions, with follow-up phone calls and text messaging support. Smoking status at 6 months by self-report (primary endpoint) was verified by partner/proxy and salivary cotinine (NicAlert™).Seventy seven smokers were screened, of whom 50 were eligible, and 17 of these (34%) were enrolled; 11 men and 6 women, aged 41.5 ± 6.9 years, daily cigarette consumption 20.8 ± 8.9, Heaviness of Smoking Index score 3.7 ± 1.7. Participants reported feeling personally involved with the video (5.9 ± 1.1), which felt real (5.8 ± 1.1) and emotionally moving (5.6 ± 1.5) [7-point Likert Scale]. A similar video response was reported by the four participants (24%), who due to bandwidth limitations, watched the video after the counselling session instead of during it. Non-smoking rates at 6 months were 65% (11/17) by self-report with proxy confirmation, and 47% (8/17) by self-report with biologic confirmation. Three non-smokers by self-report could not provide a valid NicAlert™ result due to current NRT use. One participant who by self-report smoked once in the prior 14-days was assessed as a non-smoker by both proxy and NicAlert™.This pilot study demonstrates efficacy for an internet-based version of a quit smoking program based on creating a simulated teachable moment. The findings provide support for further research into this technique, with the internet enabling greater reach than face-to-face.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.32","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using ‘Smart’ Technology to Aid in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Examining an Innovative Way to Monitor and Improve Quit Attempt Outcomes","authors":"Carol Morriscey, Aaron Shephard, Anouk van Houdt, David Kerr, S. Barrett","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.33","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, smartphone applications (apps) have been used as smoking cessation aids. Interactive apps appear to more effective than non-interactive apps. SmokeBeat, a smartphone app used in conjunction with a smartwatch, aims to detect smoking events, interact with the user as they occur and potentially stop smoking events before they occur in the future.The purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of SmokeBeat in detecting smoking events.The feasibility of using the app as a smoking cessation aid was tested over a 2-week period by daily, dependent smokers. SmokeBeat's cigarette detection rate was measured in laboratory sessions both before and after the 2-week period. Fisher's exact test was used to compare detection rates from each session.The detection rate was 22.5% during session 1 and 41.7% during session 2. Once technological issues were controlled for (i.e., signal loss between smartphone and smartwatch), SmokeBeat's detection rate improved over the 2-week period, resulting in a 100% detection rate.Apps which can detect smoking events in real time present an opportunity for a proactive and interactive smoking cessation aid – a potentially useful tool for individuals attempting to quit smoking.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple Smoking Cessation Therapy with Varenicline, Nicotine Patch and Nicotine Lozenge: A Pilot Study to Assess Tolerability, Satisfaction, and End-of-Treatment Quit Rates.","authors":"Kristin M Berg,&nbsp;Douglas E Jorenby,&nbsp;Timothy B Baker,&nbsp;Michael C Fiore","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2017.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2017.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The majority of attempts to stop smoking end in failure. One way to improve success may be to explore different combinations of existing cessation medications.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This observational study examined \"triple therapy\" (varenicline + nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge) in 36 smokers trying to quit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week, observational study exploring tolerability, via adverse events (AEs) elicited at each of 9 phone assessments. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction rates, medication changes, and self-reported quit rates at week 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>35 of 36 participants reported at least one AE. Insomnia (75%), abnormal dreams (72%) and nausea (64%) were most common. Most were mild to moderate. No deaths, hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, or suicidality were reported. Six participants (17%) decreased the dose of at least one medication, 5 (14%) decreased the dose then discontinued at least one medication, and 13 (36%) discontinued at least one medication without trying a lesser dose. Participants were highly satisfied with their medications, and 58% reported quitting at 12 weeks, with 38% reporting prolonged abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite high rates of AEs and medication changes, high rates of satisfaction and self-reported quitting, with no serious AEs, were observed with triple therapy. Additional data on tolerability and efficacy are needed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02681510.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"13 3","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2017.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36758505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Use in Adults With Mental Illness: An Overview of One State-Wide Tobacco Cessation Program","authors":"Noeen Sarfraz, Yvon Fils-Aime, Michael W. Brand, S. Vesely, L. Beebe","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.27","url":null,"abstract":"Even though one of the public health's top achievements of the 20th century involves tobacco cessation, a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related comorbidity still affects those with mental illness (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017; Cook et al., 2014). There is evidence suggesting that psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased prevalence in cigarette smoking (Tsoi, Porwa, & Webster, 2013). One explanation for this is the potentiating effect of nicotine on dopamine receptors (Mao, Gallagher, & McGehee, 2011). Other explanations include poverty, educational advancement and industry bias in tobacco marketing (MMWR Vital Signs: Current Cigarette, 2016; CDC Morbidity and Mortality, 2013). We know that adults with mental illness smoke at rates twice that of the general population, and are nicotine-dependent at rates up to three times higher than the general population (Cook et al., 2014; Grant, Hasin, Chou, Stinson, & Dawson, 2004). Adults with mental illness comprise about 19% of the population, but smoke approximately one-third of all the cigarettes smoked (MMWR Vital Signs: Current Cigarette, 2016). In the United States, the national tobacco use prevalence is estimated at 19%; however, prevalence among those with bipolar disorder is 51%–70% and 36%–80% among those with major depressive disorder (Grant et al., 2004; King, Dube, & Tynan, 2012; Lasser et al., 2000). Despite these high rates, recent studies suggest that smokers with mental illness are highly motivated to quit (Cook et al., 2014). However, it remains rare for mental and behavioural health professionals to offer tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy and counselling to clients with psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Engagement in Smoking Cessation Treatment Following a Brief Telephone Evaluation and Referral Session","authors":"Angela Petersen, Suraya Jabaiah, Timothy F. Chen, Neal Doran, M. Myers","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Smoking cessation treatment combining medication and counselling yields the best outcomes; however, few smokers employ both modalities.Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine variables predicting treatment attendance.Methods: This was a chart review of US military Veterans (N = 340; 89% male, 59% non-Hispanic white) referred for smoking cessation, who completed a telephone call to encourage treatment utilization. Treatment engagement was defined as attending a smoking cessation session within 30 days following telephone contact. A logistic regression analysis examined predictors (demographics, smoking variables, and psychiatric diagnoses) of treatment engagement.Results/Findings: Greater age (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.06), more cigarettes (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06), and higher perceived importance of quitting (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23) predicted engaging in treatment within 30 days (all p values < 0.05).Conclusion: Veterans who attended treatment were older, smoked more cigarettes, and perceived quitting as more important than those who did not attend. These findings are consistent with prior studies examining factors associated with treatment utilization. Results highlight the need to identify strategies for engaging into treatment smokers who are younger, smoke fewer cigarettes, and view quitting as less important.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41819589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Collaborative Model for Facilitating the Delivery of Smoking Cessation Treatments to Cancer Patients: Results From Three Oncology Practices in South Carolina","authors":"Daniel J Kilpatrick, Kathleen B. Cartmell, A. Diédhiou, K. Cummings, G. Warren, Kathleen L. Wynne, Sharon Biggers, P. M. Gillam","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Continued smoking by cancer patients causes adverse cancer treatment outcomes, but few patients receive evidence-based smoking cessation as a standard of care.Aim: To evaluate practical strategies to promote wide-scale dissemination and implementation of evidence-based tobacco cessation services within state cancer centers.Methods: A Collaborative Learning Model (CLM) for Quality Improvement was evaluated with three community oncology practices to identify barriers and facilitate practice change to deliver evidence-based smoking cessation treatments to cancer patients using standardized assessments and referrals to statewide smoking cessation resources. Patients were enrolled and tracked through an automated data system and received follow-up cessation support post-enrollment. Monthly quantitative reports and qualitative data gathered through interviews and collaborative learning sessions were used to evaluate meaningful quality improvement changes in each cancer center.Results: Baseline practice evaluation for the CLM identified the lack of tobacco use documentation, awareness of cessation guidelines, and awareness of services for patients as common barriers. Implementation of a structured assessment and referral process demonstrated that of 1,632 newly registered cancer patients,1,581 (97%) were screened for tobacco use. Among those screened, 283 (18%) were found to be tobacco users. Of identified tobacco users, 207 (73%) were advised to quit. Referral of new patients who reported using tobacco to an evidence-based cessation program increased from 0% at baseline across all three cancer centers to 64% (range = 30%–89%) during the project period.Conclusions: Implementation of quality improvement learning collaborative models can dramatically improve delivery of guideline-based tobacco cessation treatments to cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Discontinued Use of the E-Cigarette","authors":"C. Alexis-Garsee, S. Meehan, O. Akker","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many UK smokers use e-cigarettes as a quitting aid; however, a substantial number discontinue use of the e-cigarette and revert to smoking. Understanding why this may happen is important both for individuals and for stop smoking services.Aims: To explore young adult smokers’ experiences of use and discontinued use of the e-cigarette.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants who tried e-cigarettes for at least seven days and returned to smoking. Data was transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Findings suggested participants held conflicting attitudes about using e-cigarettes, which undermined attempts to quit smoking, and led to the discontinuation of the e-cigarette. These conflicts centred on participants’ discomfort with the e-cigarette or vaping identity, lack of abstinence self-efficacy and navigation of barriers to e-cigarette use. The complex interplay of these factors may have led to an underestimation of the individual effort required to continue vaping and reinforced participants’ perception of the e-cigarette as an inferior product to the cigarette.Conclusions: Future research should focus on the role of identity, self-efficacy, control and smokers’ expectations of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation as these may be important factors to consider for a more tailored service for e-cigarette users.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Capacity for Global Tobacco Treatment: International Frontline Provider Perspectives","authors":"H. Gomide, K. Richter, Erica Cruvinel, L. Martins","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many countries are enacting tobacco treatment training, guidelines and policies in order to fulfil Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) treaty agreements. This study tapped the perspectives of international treatment providers to identify challenges and recommendations for improvement.Methods: The cross-sectional survey included closed- and open-ended items. Distribution included professional listservs (ATTUD; Global Bridges; ENSH Global) and word-of-mouth. The survey collected data using an open-source platform (Enketo Smart Paper/Ona). We used R for quantitative analysis and Google Sheets to categorize open-ended responses.Results: There were 155 respondents from 49 countries. Most (78.6%) provided direct services. Almost half (48.1%) reported receiving less than 6 hours of tobacco treatment training; respondents from low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) received significantly less training (Fisher's p < 0.014). Likewise, among all respondents, 43% rated poor access to treatment; this rose to 100% among LMICs (Fisher's p < 0.001). To improve treatment and training, respondents suggested increasing government funding for pharmacotherapy and behavioural services; providing training in local languages and in the treatment of smokeless tobacco forms; trainee certification and access to online support for providers.Conclusions: Globally, half of front-line treatment providers reported having poor access to training; this was true for all providers in LMICs and most in upper middle-income countries. Existing online trainings, available mainly in English, could be migrated to open-access formats to permit countries to tailor them to their local needs and languages. Countries in geographical proximity or historical linguistic/political alliances could forge cross-country mentoring relationships and mutual support for training.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2018.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45459256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice Patterns and Perceptions of Chest Health Care Providers on Electronic Cigarette Use: An In-Depth Discussion and Report of Survey Results.","authors":"Stephen R Baldassarri,&nbsp;Geoffrey L Chupp,&nbsp;Frank T Leone,&nbsp;Graham W Warren,&nbsp;Benjamin A Toll","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2017.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2017.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has become a growing phenomenon that has sharply split opinion among the public health community, physicians, and lawmakers.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We sought to determine chest physician perceptions regarding ECs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a web-based survey of 18,000 American College of Chest Physician (CHEST) members to determine healthcare provider experiences with EC users and to characterize provider perceptions regarding ECs.</p><p><strong>Results/findings: </strong>There were 994 respondents. 88% reported that patients had asked their opinion of ECs, and 31% reported EC use among at least 10% of their patients. More disagreed than agreed (41% vs. 21%) that patients could improve their health by switching from tobacco smoking to daily EC use. Respondents were split on whether ECs promote tobacco cessation (32% agree vs. 33% disagree).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current perceptions of ECs are variable among providers. More than 1/3 of respondents felt that EC's could be used for smoking cessation for smokers who failed prior quit attempts with approved therapies. However, many respondents were not convinced that ECs will reduce harms from tobacco use. There is an urgent need to generate additional high quality scientific data regarding ECs to inform chest physicians, health professionals and the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"13 2","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2017.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36205082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does E-cigarette Use at Baseline Influence Smoking Cessation Rates among 2-Year College Students?","authors":"Erika Snow,&nbsp;Tye Johnson,&nbsp;Deborah J Ossip,&nbsp;Geoffrey C Williams,&nbsp;Duncan Ververs,&nbsp;Irfan Rahman,&nbsp;Scott McIntosh","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2017.11","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jsc.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluates the impact of baseline e-cigarette use on smoking cessation rates in a national sample of two-year college student smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 1400 students from over 60 two-year colleges across 25 states who were current smokers enrolled in a web-assisted tobacco intervention (WATI) trial. Survey data were collected at baseline, 1-, 6-, and 12-months, with primary outcomes evaluated at 6-months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6-months, baseline e-cigarette users were more likely to report cessation of traditional cigarettes compared to non-users (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.002-1.92). Cessation was also associated with higher baseline confidence in quitting and greater time to first cigarette in the morning. Baseline e-cigarette use was not found to be associated with self-reported cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.75-1.58) nor biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.47-1.47). Higher confidence was again associated with both self-reported and biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products. Female gender was associated only with biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products at 6-months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two-year college students represent a priority population for cessation interventions. The findings from this study highlight the complexities of evaluating the impact of e-cigarette use on cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"13 2","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2017.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36334093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}