{"title":"Tobacco intervention research in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned and future directions.","authors":"Kenneth D Ward","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2016.6","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jsc.2016.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"11 2","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5363703/pdf/nihms817043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34858142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic Review of Interventions for Racial/Ethnic-Minority Pregnant Smokers.","authors":"Yukiko Washio, Heather Cassey","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2014.12","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jsc.2014.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Large disparities exist in smoking rates during pregnancy by racial/ethnic status.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current review examined controlled studies that predominantly included racial/ethnic-minority pregnant smokers for providing smoking cessation treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two authors independently conducted the literature searches in the standard databases using a combination of the keywords with minority, pregnancy, smoking, and cessation identifiers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The searches identified nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. Only two studies exclusively targeted specific minority groups. Most of them provided some form of brief smoking cessation counseling, with two combining with incentives and one combining with pharmacotherapy. Two studies provided intensive cognitive interventions. Pregnant smokers of American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic subgroups, and Asian or Pacific Islander are under-studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future studies to treat minority pregnant smokers could target under-studied minority groups and may need to directly and intensely target smoking behavior, address cultural and psychosocial issues in an individualized and comprehensive manner, and analyze cost-benefit of an intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2014.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56981524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie A. Bronars, B. Faseru, R. Krebill, M. Mayo, Tricia M Snow, K. Okuyemi, J. Ahluwalia, L. Cox
{"title":"Examining Smoking Dependence Motives among African American Light Smokers.","authors":"Carrie A. Bronars, B. Faseru, R. Krebill, M. Mayo, Tricia M Snow, K. Okuyemi, J. Ahluwalia, L. Cox","doi":"10.1017/JSC.2014.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/JSC.2014.7","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day, African American smokers have greater difficulty quitting compared to Caucasian smokers. Further elucidating the impact of smoking motivations on smoking behavior would contribute to understanding the factors that maintain smoking.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIMS\u0000This study examined the factor structure of a brief assessment examining smoking dependence motives among a sample of African American light smokers.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized smoking cessation trial involving 540 participants. Results were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a randomly split EFA.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS/FINDINGS\u0000Findings from the initial EFA analysis produced an 8-factor model, explaining 69% of the variation in responses. The overall Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) was 0.88 with item level MSA ranging 0.68-0.94 across the 30 items. Results from the randomly split EFA replicated the findings of the original EFA; with the exception of the item \"I smoke within the first 30 minutes of awakening in the morning\".\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings support the hypothesis of a multidimensional approach to conceptualizing nicotine dependence, and provide information regarding characteristics of nicotine dependence in African American light smokers which may be helpful in identifying targets for cessation treatment in this population of smokers.","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"10 2 1","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/JSC.2014.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56981527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reasons for Nondaily Smoking among Young Adults: Scale Development and Validation.","authors":"Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2013.8","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jsc.2013.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the increased rates of nondaily smoking and the lack of validated measures to assess factors related to nondaily smoking, we aimed to develop a measure of reasons for nondaily smoking among young adults. Specifically, we developed a scale assessing reasons or triggers for nondaily smoking and examined its reliability, factor structure, and concurrent validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered an online survey to 2,000 students at six colleges in the Southeastern US, and 718 (35.9%) returned a completed survey. The current analyses focused on the 95 participants who reported nondaily smoking (i.e., smoking between 1 and 29 days of the past 30 days). In addition to the items created for scale development, measures included socio-demographics, other measures of motivation and confidence/self-efficacy, past smoking/quitting history, readiness to quit, and other psychosocial factors related to smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 19-item Reasons for Nondaily Smoking Scale (RNS) demonstrated an average score of 45.36 (SD = 15.55) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79). Factor analysis of the items extracted four factors which accounted for 57.4% of score variance: Social influences; Enhancing buzzes and positive affect; Negative affect regulation; and Lack of concern of addiction. Concurrent and discriminant validity were documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Developing validated measures designed to assess factors associated with nondaily smoking will enhance our ability to address this growing public health concern. The development and validation of the RNS for young adults may be critical in informing our intervention strategies and potentially for effecting or predicting cessation among young adult nondaily smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"9 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172326/pdf/nihms-567420.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32699750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa M Fucito, Nancy S Redeker, Samuel A Ball, Benjamin A Toll, Jolomi T Ikomi, Kathleen M Carroll
{"title":"Integrating a Behavioural Sleep Intervention into Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers with Insomnia: A Randomised Pilot Study.","authors":"Lisa M Fucito, Nancy S Redeker, Samuel A Ball, Benjamin A Toll, Jolomi T Ikomi, Kathleen M Carroll","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2013.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is common among cigarette smokers and predicts smoking cessation failure.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot test of whether provision of a sleep intervention might bolster smoking cessation outcomes among this vulnerable group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Smokers with insomnia (N = 19) seeking smoking cessation treatment were randomly assigned to receive 8 sessions over 10 weeks of either: (1) cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia + smoking cessation counselling (CBT-I+SC; n = 9) or (2) smoking cessation counselling alone (SC; n = 10). Counselling commenced 4 weeks prior to a scheduled quit date, and nicotine patch therapy was also provided for 6 weeks starting on the quit date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant effect of counselling condition on smoking cessation outcomes. Most participants had difficulty initiating and maintaining smoking abstinence in that 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at end of treatment (CBT-I+SC: 1/7, 14%; SC: 2/10, 20%) and follow-up (CBT-I+SC: 1/7, 14%; SC: 0/10, 0%) were low for both conditions. CBT-I+SC participants reported improvements in sleep efficiency, quality, duration and insomnia symptoms. Sleep changes were not associated with the likelihood of achieving smoking abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This randomised pilot study suggests that behavioural interventions may improve sleep among smokers with insomnia, but a larger sample is needed to replicate this finding and evaluate whether these changes facilitate smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"9 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2013.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32480136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun S Kim, Hua Fang, Sherry A McKee, Douglas Ziedonis
{"title":"Prospective Evaluation of Factors Predicting Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms Among Korean Americans.","authors":"Sun S Kim, Hua Fang, Sherry A McKee, Douglas Ziedonis","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2014.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2014.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined factors predicting nicotine withdrawal symptoms following quitting among Korean American smokers who were receiving counseling and nicotine replacement therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 90 Korean American smokers selected from a two-arm randomised controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention (culturally adapted versus treatment as usual). Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were assessed weekly for the first four weeks from the target quit day, using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS). Only those who participated in two or more weekly assessments of the symptoms were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the nine withdrawal symptoms listed in the MNWS, craving and disturbed sleep decreased over time whereas the remaining symptoms had no significant effect of time. Women or individuals who perceived greater risks of quitting smoking reported more withdrawal symptoms after controlling for abstinence status. Although withdrawal symptoms did not change, on average, with time, the rates of change varied randomly across individuals. Women reported more withdrawal symptoms in the first week after quitting and showed a higher rate of decline of the symptoms over time than men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Korean American smokers who are women or who perceive greater risks of quitting smoking may require more intensive treatment to effectively deal with post-quit withdrawal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"2014 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2014.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34041277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun S Kim, Hua Fang, Joseph Difranza, Douglas M Ziedonis, Grace X Ma
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in Korean Americans.","authors":"Sun S Kim, Hua Fang, Joseph Difranza, Douglas M Ziedonis, Grace X Ma","doi":"10.1017/jsc.2012.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2012.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to compare gender differences in the psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). METHODS: The sample comprised 334 Korean immigrants (97 women and 237 men) who reported daily smoking for the past six months. Item-by-item responses and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were compared by gender. Promax rotation was selected based on findings from previous studies suggesting correlated factors. RESULTS: Compared with men, women smoked fewer cigarettes per day, were more likely to smoke when ill in bed, and were less likely to smoke frequently in the morning. The entire sample and men within the sample had the same factor loading pattern, where three items (time to first cigarette, the cigarette most hate to give up, and smoke more frequently in the morning) were loaded on Factor 1 (morning smoking) and the remaining three items (difficult to refrain from smoking in public places, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking even when ill in bed) on Factor 2 (daytime smoking). For women, however, neither the 1- nor 2-factor model fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS: For Korean American male smokers, the psychometric properties of the FTND were similar to those seen in other populations, but this was not the case with Korean American women. Clinicians may need to modify their interpretation of nicotine dependence severity if basing only on the FTND with Korean Women. The FTND assesses smoking patterns which has a cultural influence and other measures of nicotine dependence should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/jsc.2012.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30870892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terry Bush, Michele D Levine, Mona Deprey, Barbara Cerutti, Susan M Zbikowski, Tim McAfee, Lisa Mahoney, Laura Beebe
{"title":"Prevalence of Weight Concerns and Obesity Among Smokers Calling a Quitline.","authors":"Terry Bush, Michele D Levine, Mona Deprey, Barbara Cerutti, Susan M Zbikowski, Tim McAfee, Lisa Mahoney, Laura Beebe","doi":"10.1375/jsc.4.2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/jsc.4.2.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cessation-related weight gain and weight concerns are common among smokers and have a negative impact on quitting. Obese smokers tend to gain more than the average amount of weight and also have lower quit rates. This article describes the prevalence of obesity and weight concerns among smokers calling a state quitline in the United States. RESULTS: Among 3972 smokers using a state quitline, 33.3% were obese, 30.2% overweight, 33.3% normal weight and 3.2% underweight; a total of 60.6% were concerned about cessation-related weight gain. Compared with non-obese callers, obese callers were more likely to be female, Hispanic, non-White and heavier smokers. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report data on body weight and weight concerns of smokers calling a national quitline. Given the lower quit rates among obese and weight-concerned smokers, and the burden of smoking and obesity, there is an opportunity to develop new treatment approaches for this at-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"4 5","pages":"74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1375/jsc.4.2.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29055773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terry Bush, Michele D Levine, Susan Zbikowski, Mona Deprey, Vance Rabius, Tim McAfee, Dawn E Wiatrek
{"title":"Weight Gain After Quitting: Attitudes, Beliefs and Counselling Strategies of Cessation Counsellors.","authors":"Terry Bush, Michele D Levine, Susan Zbikowski, Mona Deprey, Vance Rabius, Tim McAfee, Dawn E Wiatrek","doi":"10.1375/jsc.3.2.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1375/jsc.3.2.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postcessation weight gain is common and a frequent cause of relapse. Although interventions to address weight gain and weight gain concerns exist, the experience of telephone cessation coun- sellors in addressing weight concerns is unknown. We surveyed 134 cessation counsellors providing quitlines for 30 states regarding their experiences and attitudes about how to address weight gain concerns among smokers trying to quit. Counsellors estimated they discuss weight in 40% of their calls, primarily discussing concerns about gaining weight. Counsellors estimated that smokers gain about 4.1 kg after quitting and about 48% gain more than 2.3 kg. Most counsellors believed that exercise, education about weight gain and preparing smokers for weight gain would help people quit, which is consistent with current science. A total of 51% of counsellors believed that dieting while quitting would reduce weight gain and only 35% correctly identified that dieting reduces a smokers' ability to quit. Some counsellors believed they needed more training in weight management and may need to be reassured that they are currently following treatment guidelines when confronted with smokers who have concerns about postcessation weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"3 2","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1375/jsc.3.2.124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29077496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimulus and Response Expectancies Influence the Cognitive Effects of Cigarettes.","authors":"William L Kelemen","doi":"10.1375/jsc.3.2.136","DOIUrl":"10.1375/jsc.3.2.136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pharmacological, stimulus expectancy, and response expectancy effects of light cigarettes (0.60 mg yield of nicotine) compared with virtually nicotine-free cigarettes (less than 0.05 mg yield of nicotine) were examined using a between-subjects design. A total of 103 college-student smokers completed tests of cognition before and after smoking one type of cigarette, which was evaluated on a number of dimensions. Cigarettes with nicotine were preferred on most dimensions, and stimulus expectancy partially mediated the relationship between nicotine and subjective effects of the cigarettes. Stimulus expectancy also mediated the effect of nicotine on tension reduction immediately after smoking, but not near the end of the experiment. Response expectancy effects of nicotine were related to predicted and actual recall performance, such that participants who performed well tended to attribute the effect to the cigarette they smoked. Implications for smoking cessation and research studies using non-nicotine cigarettes are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":39350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smoking Cessation","volume":"3 5","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765217/pdf/nihms89170.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28454149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}