Psiquiatria Biologica最新文献

{"title":"Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of Pa Leng (Frigophobia): A systematic review and case report from India","authors":"Christopher Peter,&nbsp;Abdul Qadir Jilani,&nbsp;Akanksha Sharma,&nbsp;Aditi Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2026.100889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2026.100889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the presentations and outcomes of patients with Pa Leng (Frigophobia) and to present a case report of the same from India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a descriptive systematic review of case reports/series on Pa Leng (Frigophobia) following PRISMA guidelines, extracting data on patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, and outcomes while assessing case quality using a standardized tool. Additionally, we present a clinical case of a 39-year-old married Indian woman with Pa Leng (Frigophobia), marked by intense fears of cold and panic attacks. She experienced a profound fear that exposure to cold air, especially on her back, would result in severe health consequences, including death.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cases of Pa Leng (Frigophobia) were examined in four studies from Asia, including case reports from Singapore and Turkey and a case series from Sri Lanka. Among the 113 cases analyzed, 69% were female. Patients exhibited avoidance behaviors, such as staying indoors and avoiding cold environments, and compensatory behaviors like wearing excessive clothing and using external heat sources. The condition followed a chronic course, with some experiencing continuous symptoms for years. Treatment approaches varied, with psychotherapy, psychoeducation, and low-dose anxiolytics or antidepressants used in different cases, though outcome data remained limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review highlights the underexplored condition of Pa Leng (Frigophobia), emphasizing its clinical features, cultural influences, and chronic course. Cultural beliefs and life experiences play a key role in its development, while treatment with antidepressants and psychological interventions shows promise. Further cross-cultural research is needed to improve understanding and treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 2","pages":"Article 100889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La duloxetina desde la experiencia psiquiátrica a través del paciente con depresión. El dilema de los comprimidos frente a las cápsulas y su impacto en la adherencia al tratamiento","authors":"Cielo García-Montero ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Ortega ,&nbsp;Óscar Fraile-Martínez ,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2026.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2026.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the treatment of various conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and neuropathic pain. Its mechanism of action increases the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, thereby improving mood and relieving pain. Duloxetine is available in both tablet and capsule formulations, with common dosages of 30 mg and 60 mg, depending on the condition being treated. In addition to its therapeutic efficacy, treatment adherence is influenced by factors such as the patient's preference for a particular pharmaceutical format. Tablets are more stable and require fewer excipients, while capsules are easier to swallow and allow for extended release, although they are more expensive and less stable. Since adherence is a key factor in treatment effectiveness, the question arises: How do pharmaceutical format preferences influence adherence to duloxetine? To address this issue, a structured 25-item multiple-choice survey was administered to psychiatrists to assess their perception of how duloxetine's pharmaceutical format (tablets vs. capsules) impacts adherence, patient satisfaction, and the overall treatment experience. The findings aim to optimize prescribing strategies based on patients' needs and preferences, ultimately improving adherence and treatment effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 2","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147713463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestaciones psiquiátricas y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana","authors":"Valentina Belalcazar Vivas ,&nbsp;Jordi Blanch Andreu","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Due to the advent of antiretrovirals, the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV have been significantly reduced in the past decades. A discernible connection exists between the infection and psychiatric disorders, primarily due to the compromise of the central nervous system, from which various psychiatric complications arise. These complications may be organic, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders or organic mood disorders, or they may result from environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with the challenges of living with this disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This narrative review aims to explore the most common psychiatric manifestations in patients with HIV, with specific objectives focused on understanding how these conditions affect adherence to pharmacological treatment and overall quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depression is the most frequently reported psychiatric comorbidity in these patients. Mental health disorders have a negative impact on treatment adherence but treating them reduces the likelihood of poor adherence. Individuals with these comorbidities report a lower quality of life compared to their peers; however, good adherence contributes to improved quality of life scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is important that governments strengthen their health programs to address HIV and psychiatric comorbidities, ensuring the protection of the human and civil rights of this population, so they can enjoy a long and dignified life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Síndrome de Cotard. Desafío del diagnóstico diferencial: a propósito de un caso","authors":"Ana Pérez Romero ,&nbsp;Rocío Ramallo Castillo ,&nbsp;Ana Ruiz Moliner ,&nbsp;Celia Muñoz Cauqui ,&nbsp;Ana Piña Baena","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotard's syndrome is defined as a nihilistic delusion that one is dead, has lost one's soul, lacks functioning organs, or is rotting internally. It usually reflects severe brain dysfunction, especially in areas related to self-perception, emotion, and sensory integration. It has been identified more frequently in older adults and has been linked to several psychiatric, neurologic, and autoimmune disorders. There is limited literature pointing towards association with catatonia. However, catatonia may have neurobiological foundations that could explain certain similarities in symptoms and response to treatment. For example, right parietal lobe involvement. Below, we present a clinical case that showcases differential diagnosis between depression with psychotic symptoms and dementia, or between both in comorbidity. In its initial stages, the symptoms may be similar and the neuroimaging insignificant, as is the case of our patient. In these cases, only the evolution of the symptoms and the response to treatment can clear up the diagnosis. Electroconvulsive therapy should be considered as an option given its effectiveness in severe and prolonged depression and the absence of contraindication in dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study of long-term psychotropic use: patient perspectives of benefits and adverse effects","authors":"Kothai Ramalingam ,&nbsp;Pradeep Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Akash Thirumalai ,&nbsp;Balaji Kumar ,&nbsp;Bergin Vinads Aliver ,&nbsp;Nagappan Andiappan ,&nbsp;Arul Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychotropic medications have improved the lives of people with mental disorders, and many people have gone on to live full lives with the help of these medications. Psychotropic medications have been associated with a variety of side effects, including neurotoxicity. It was an observational study with the aim of analyzing the patients’ perception of the benefits and adverse effects of long-term use of psychotropic drugs. This study was conducted for the period of 6 months (January – June 2023) and data of n = 101 were collected from the patients who had attended both the outpatient and inpatient psychiatric department of a tertiary care hospital. All the side effects are analyzed by using the Toronto side effect scale (TSES), and the data were analyzed with SPSS (version 27). In this study, 27 different psychotropic medications were prescribed. The most prescribed psychotropic medications are Clonazepam, Risperidone, and Sertraline. The overall Toronto side effect scale adverse effect frequency and severity were 35.24 ± 4.22 and 35.02 ± 3.85. The comprehensive qualitative response of the patients is categorized as medication helped them to cope with life: Helped to get by (n = 55), Helped to function well (n = 15), Problems with psychotropic treatment: withdrawal (n = 15), and Impact on self (n = 15). From this study, it was concluded that long-term use of psychotropics caused mild adverse effects as per the Toronto side effect scale. The quality of life after the treatment with psychotropics was found to be improved in all the patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100887"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trastorno neuropsiquiátrico autoinmune en pediatría: a propósito de un caso","authors":"María Albors Rossi,&nbsp;Laura Prieto Arenas,&nbsp;María Concepción Fernández Milián,&nbsp;Lucía Ros Pérez-Salamero,&nbsp;Pablo de Fez Febre","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The case of a 7-year-old patient is presented, with sudden onset of multiple motor and vocal tics following a streptococcal infection, suggesting PANDAS syndrome. On medical examination, elevated ASO levels were found. Other test, including CT, EEG, and ECG, were normal. The patient has received treatment with guanfacine, with improvement of symptoms observed. PANDAS syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder triggered by an autoimmune response following a streptococcal infection, with differential clinical diagnosis from Sydenham's chorea, tic disorder, and Tourette syndrome. Its treatment is comprehensive and includes cognitive-behavioral therapy, antibiotics, and psychopharmacological agents. Further studies are needed to better understand its pathophysiology and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis del estigma de la enfermedad mental en adolescentes","authors":"Elsa López Bardón,&nbsp;María Menéndez Muñoz,&nbsp;Marina López Miralles,&nbsp;Paula García Vázquez,&nbsp;Cristina Fernández Pardo,&nbsp;Álvaro de Francisco García","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>According to the WHO, mental health is defined as a state of well-being that allows people to cope with life's stressful moments, develop all their skills, be able to learn and work properly, and contribute to the improvement of their community. People who suffer from mental disorders have to face, in addition to the symptoms, the associated social stigma. This can cause limitations both at work and personal level and in their recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, based on the CAMI questionnaire. The sample surveyed is made up of 50 adolescents who come to the consultation of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Team of León.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The stigmatizing perception is greater in adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age, in the female gender and when they lack a family history of Mental Health. The diagnosis with the greatest stigma is Affective Disorders and the least is Intellectual Disability. With respect to the factors in the survey, those that show the greatest stigma are Ideology and Benevolence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The stigma towards mental illnesses is greater in adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age, of the female gender, without a family history. The diagnoses presented by adolescents who show the greatest stigma are Affective Disorders and those with Intellectual Disability are the least.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofisiología y estructura encefálicas masculina y femenina: pensamiento y conducta","authors":"José Manuel Bertolín-Guillén","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This contribution aims to elucidate the current state of scientific knowledge about people's brain physio-anatomical similarities and differences according to their biological sex. It is an updated, mix-method qualitative, narrative review with <em>n</em> = 124 selected references. A hypothetical unisex or polymorphic brain does not exist. Brain sexual dimorphism represents the foundation of personality and behavioral trends. There are very probable micro structural sexual differences of subcortical regions, including hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens nucleus. There are sexual disparities in the morbid condition of gender discordance as well as in pain threshold. In non-pathological environments, differences in some specific abilities and several aspects of social cognition are observed. To date, research on particular male and female brain organizations has not been fully conclusive, but strongly circumstantial. Psychopathologically, externalizing and internalized symptomatology, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, early use of psychoactive substances, altered cognitive function (more frequent in mature men) and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (more frequent in women) are often sexually different. In women, estradiol levels influence the connectivity of nets underlying emotional regulation and reactivity. Men tend to show higher activation in areas related to cognitive reflection. As a conclusion, it can be stated that sexual differences are and must continue being crucial in brain basic biophysiology and physiopathology research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consanguinidad: un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad mental grave. Estudio histórico sobre hermanastros de familias reales europeas","authors":"Ángel Royuela-Rico ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gallardo-Ponce ,&nbsp;Cristina Liaño-Arriola ,&nbsp;Estefanía Paula Usuna-Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is not a general agreement about the role of consanguinity as a risk factor for severe mental illnesses, because previous research has produced conflicting results.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A historical study about mental illness cases in ancient European royal families was made. Family trees of individuals belonging to these lineages were created, going back more than 24 generations, obtaining a database of 29,542 individuals, for which the Inbreeding Coefficient (<em>F</em>_<em>i</em>) was determined. The historical literature was then searched to see if there had been pairs of stepsiblings, one of whom had suffered from a serious mental illness, and the other had not. The statistical study showed that the distribution of the data did not conform to normality, so non-parametric tests (median and Wilcoxon tests) were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the total subjects, 13,382 were women, and 16,160 were men. The average <em>F</em>_<em>i</em> of the total sample was 0.263105 ± 1.08343. The <em>F</em>_<em>i</em> was slightly higher for women (0.300381 ± 1.16206) than for men (0.232158 ± 0.101241), this difference being statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in the median test for independent samples. When analyzing the subsample of stepsiblings, the <em>F</em>_<em>i</em> was in all cases higher in the sick than in the healthy. In the sick, the mean <em>F</em>_<em>i</em> was 11.3158 ± 9.24908, while, in the healthy, it was 1.76254 ± 1.96504 (<em>Z</em> = −2,521; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 Wilcoxon signed-rank test).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings constitute new evidence about the importance of genetics, and, in particular, consanguinity in the etiopathogenesis of serious mental illnesses. However, further studies are needed to more clearly establish whether consanguinity constitutes a risk factor in this regard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propósito vital, estrategias de regulación emocional y variabilidad en el sueño y el apetito de estudiantes universitarios: un estudio correlacional y de evaluación ecológica momentánea","authors":"Celia Ortega-Gómez ,&nbsp;José Luis Díaz-Palencia ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psiq.2025.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Having a strong life purpose and being able to regulate emotions effectively are associated with better psychological well-being. However, it is unclear to what extent life purpose and emotional regulation are related to daily fluctuations in physiological functions such as sleep and appetite, particularly in demanding university contexts. This study aims to examine this relationship and describe individual trends in these latter variables measured using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) over several months. EMA data were collected over six months between November 2023 and April 2024 on sleep quality (insomnia, satisfaction, and daytime interference) and appetite (hunger and enjoyment of food). A greater sense of life purpose was significantly associated with greater use of cognitive reappraisal (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.46; 95% CI; <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and less emotional suppression (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.26; 95% CI; <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.008). The EMA analysis revealed that a substantial proportion of students experienced a progressive deterioration in sleep quality over the course of the study period. In contrast, appetite variables showed greater stability between individuals. The findings suggest that students with a greater sense of life purpose or who used cognitive reappraisal more frequently were more satisfied with their sleep, whereas those who suppressed their emotions more tended to feel less satisfied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39337,"journal":{"name":"Psiquiatria Biologica","volume":"33 1","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}