Asian Journal of Pediatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Non-Traumatic Coma in Children- A Review","authors":"Manda Anusha, Avirendla Sony, Syeda Mohammadi Begum, Velupula Neelima, Amatul Haseeb Maseera","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2266","url":null,"abstract":"Coma is defined as the unintentional failure of the patient to open their eyes spontaneously or in response to noise and inability to open for commands or localised painful stimuli with or without the ability to express comprehensible words or language response, whereas the Non traumatic coma is without any injury to the brain, and the Glasgow coma scale below 12.\u0000The Non traumatic coma causes due to the infections(tubercular meningitis, bacterial meningitis, encephalitis) and other metabolic conditions ,status epilepticus intracranial bleed, miscellaneous, hypoxic ischemic insults, Electrical shock, shunt dysfunction, Inborn error of metabolism.\u0000The monitoring parameters are Heart rate, Respiratory rate and pattern, Blood pressure, Temperature, coma severity using GCS, pupillary size, extra ocular movements, corneal reflex, posture, and motor pattern. The main symptoms are ataxia or weakness, isolated cranial nerve palsy, mild alteration of tone, poor pulse volume, apnea, abnormal pupillary size and reaction, dizziness, Headache, abnormal extra ocular movements absent corneal reflex.\u0000Management of non-traumatic coma patients at hospital includes Monitoring of Intracranial pressure, Maintenance of an adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, Management of persistent intracranial hypertension and Monitoring of Electroencephalographic Seizure activity.\u0000Infections are the most common cause for the non-traumatic coma in several cases. The pattern of infectious caused are CNS infections > metabolic toxic exposure > encephalitis > Intoxication > hypoxic ischemic insults > Intracranial haemorrhages>miscellaneous>unknown cases. 40% of children are prone to Non traumatic coma per 10000 general population per year.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124010234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Children of Xianyang Children's Hospital in 2022","authors":"Mingxing Dong, Ying Wang, Xi-xia Wang, Yale Zhang, Hong-xia Han, F. Jiao, Weihua Zhang","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2265","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of HPIV infection in children is on the rise, particularly following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which presents a potential risk to the health of children. \u0000Objective: This study aims to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in children admitted to Xianyang Children's Hospital (Xianyang Caihong Hospital) from January 2022 to December 2022. \u0000Methods: Out of the 5873 cases of hospitalised children, the ones which had HPIV as the only pathogen and were non-standard cases were excluded, and the rest were analysed for their clinical characteristics, based on the six nucleic acids kits used to detect HPIV in respiratory tract viruses. Results: Among 5873 cases of Nasopharyngeal swab specimens, there were 795 cases of HPIV antigen positive, of which 794 cases of HPIV3（13.52%, 3 cases of HPIV1（0.05%; There were 472 males (13.92%) and 325 females (13.09%) in them(χ2 =0.381, P=0.362).The infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 8.03%, 55.71%, 28.48% and 7.78%, respectively, and the difference of pairwise comparison were statistically significant (χ2=539.158, P=0).There were 318 cases (19.51%) in infant group and 164 cases (10.86%) in children group (χ2=45.118, P=0). With HPIV as the sole pathogen including 363 cases of bronchopneumonia, 237 cases of bronchitis, 8 cases of pertussis syndrome, 84 cases of bronchiolitis. \u0000Conclusion: ⑴. During the period of January to December 2022, Xianyang Children's Hospital has seen a high prevalence of HPIV, a virus causing lower respiratory tract infection, especially HPIV3. ⑵.No statistical evidence showed a difference between men and women in terms of high morbidity during spring and summer, which was more common among infants and young children. ⑶. Among children infected with HPIV, the four most common respiratory illnesses are bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, pertussis syndrome, and bronchiolitis. After undergoing symptomatic treatment, most children showed marked improvement. It is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of HPIV infections in children, enabling timely prevention and symptomatic treatment, identifying critical and serious illnesses, and reducing morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Facts Regarding Colon Transit Study in Children","authors":"S. Namboothiri","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2264","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Constipation is a problem faced by many children around the world. There are different ways of diagnosis and management of this condition. The key to the right diagnosis is based on the series of investigation that differs with children. The subject of interest is often the amount of time it takes for a substance to move through the colon which is known as Colon Transit Time [CTT]. Colon transit study or radio-opaque marker [ROM] study otherwise known as pellet study is one of the first choices of treatment to identify the CTT. Describing the colon transit study based on the established findings is the aim of this study. \u0000Methods: The MeSH terms used for literature retrieval were ‘marker studies in children’, ‘pellet study in children’, ‘colon transit study in children’. The retrieval was performed based on pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science as well as official websites. The search found 31 studies published from 2002 to 2022, as being met the inclusion criteria. \u0000Results: The existing studies have identified a systematic way of performing the colon transit studies in children in many different ways. The colon transit differs with the segment of the colon and the age group of children. \u0000Conclusion: Although the colon transit study requires series of intervention and investigation, the exact way of performing the same depends on the policies and protocols adopted by the individual specialist health care setting.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children: Experience of the Pediatric Medical Emergency Department in Rabat","authors":"S. Ahmed, N. Mekaoui, Badr Sououd, Benjelloun Dakhama, L. Karboubi","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2263","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to describe the clinical epidemiological characteristics and bacteriological profile of UTIs in infants and children, to determine the main risk factors for the occurrence of UTIs, and to identify the causes of UTIs urinary tract infections, to compare the interest of CRP and let procalcitonin assays for the diagnosis of febrile urinary tract infections as well as the interest of imaging (renal scintigraphy and ultrasound of the urinary tree) in the diagnosis of febrile urinary tract infections. This observational study of a cohort of 169 patients (children aged more than 28 days, 119 girls and 40 boys) conducted in the pediatric emergency department of the children's hospital of the university hospital of Rabat over a period of 6 months. The diagnosis of UTIs is based on the detection of germs in the urine, either indirectly by urine dipstick or by urine culture. However, the interpretation of microbiological results can be tricky: an inappropriate urine collection technique, particularly in neonates and young children, is a pitfall that the clinician must take into account to avoid misdiagnosing UTI, usually by over-diagnosis. The location of high UTI involving the renal parenchyma or low UTI limited to the bladder, which determines the morbidity of the infection, the therapeutic management and the imaging work-up, remains a matter of debate. DMSA renal scintigraphy, the reference examination in the case of high UTI, cannot be recommended as a first-line examination because of its cost and the practical difficulties of performing it. Biological markers of inflammation (leucocytosis, CRP, procalcitonin) do not always allow the diagnosis of ANP to be made with certainty.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133682120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Fluorosis Management Using Power Bleach – A Magic Wand","authors":"A. T. Anuraaga, V. R. Reddy, N. Chowdhary, Veena Shivanna, K. Kumar, D. Sharmila","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2262","url":null,"abstract":"Dental fluorosis is a particular condition brought on by long-term, excessive fluoride consumption during the formation of enamel. Fluorosis staining is frequently seen as an aesthetic problem may have psychological effect of when seen on maxillary anterior teeth. Bleaching, microabrasion, veneering, and crowning are some of the treatment options. Bleaching is a conservative approach of restoring the colour of teeth with intrinsic discolouration. Among the various bleaching techniques, In-office or Power bleaching techniques are effective to obtain result immediately. The dentist is in complete control of the process throughout the treatment. It is a fast process and results are evident in single visit. Here we present a case of management of dental fluorosis using Power bleaching technique.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"300 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Anterior Tooth Crossbite Correction in Mixed Dentition using Versatile 2x4 Appliance Along with Posterior Bite Plane: A Case Report","authors":"K. Maheshkumar, N. Chowdhary, K. Manjula, A. T. Anuraaga, Nikhitha Elsa Shaji, Ambika K. Nandini","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2261","url":null,"abstract":"The period of mixed dentition is considered to be one of the most appropriate ages for getting an orthodontic treatment. Most parents have a misconception that orthodontic treatment should only be started after all of the permanent teeth have fully erupted. Early mixed dentition patients with anterior crossbites and ectopic incisors are treated versatile 2x4 appliance along with posterior bite plane. This appliance has many benefits over alternative methods, including complete control over anterior tooth positioning, excellent patient acceptance, no patient adjustment needed, and the ability to accurately and quickly position teeth. The present case report refers who reported to the department with complains irregularly placed teeth which was managed with 2 X4 appliance.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128279712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Blood Hemoglobin as a Predictor of Significant Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Newborns in a Tertiary Care Centre in North Kerala","authors":"V. V. Ajnas, A. V. Gopalan, K. T. M. Basheer","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2259","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems during first week of life and is the most common cause of readmission in early neonatal period. The present study aimed to predict the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates using cord blood hemoglobin. \u0000Study Design: Prospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, MMCH & RC, Kozhikode, Kerala from March 2021 to July 2022. \u0000Methodology: The prospective study enrolled 162 appropriate for gestational age term newborns, delivered at MMCH & RC. Cord blood hemoglobin was measured and bilirubin estimation was done at 48-72 hours of life. Hyperbilirubinemia was considered significant if serum bilirubin value was above standard as per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The relationship between cord hemoglobin in predicting significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was studied using appropriate statistical tests. Sensitivity and specificity of the variables were defined using ROC curve and Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the variables. \u0000Results: Out of the total 162 neonates enrolled, 86 were boys (53.1%) and 76 were girls (46.9%). The mean cord hemoglobin value was 15.3g/dl. 20 neonates (12.3%) had developed significant hyperbilirubinemia and required phototherapy while none of them needed exchange transfusion. Correlation between cord hemoglobin with serum bilirubin showed weak correlation (r=0.194) but the correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05). On ROC curve analysis, cord hemoglobin cut off value ≥14.9g/dl showed 75% sensitivity and 39.4% specificity to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. \u0000Conclusion: There is significant correlation between umbilical cord blood hemoglobin level and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Cord hemoglobin ≥14.9g/dl can predict future development of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This will be useful in very low resource centres to plan early discharge of newborns without fear of hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115658991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cardiac Functions in Children Suffering from Celiac Disease","authors":"Aliaa Eldesoky Aslan, W. Elshehaby, A. B. Eldein, R. Elsharaby, Amany Mahmoud Elbarky","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the complications of celiac disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and autoimmune myocarditis are popular causes of considerable mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the heart functioning in CD children. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted out on 40 children (twenty Patients diagnosed as having celiac disease and twenty healthy, age and sex matched children send as control group). All participants underwent basic laboratory investigations. Every child had an echocardiogram, which comprised both traditional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. \u0000Results: The conventional echocardiographic assessment parameters (LVEED, LVESD, septal thickness, EF% FS%, E/A and TAPSE) were insignificantly different between both groups. There was no statistically substantial variation in mitral anulus velocity (S) and E/A among both groups. According to mean value of myocardial performance index (MPI) it was statistically significant greater in celiac disease of the affected group contrasted to the control group (P value 0.002). \u0000Conclusions: The tissue doppler echocardiogram can identify subclinical early stage of cardiac involvement in CD patients.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124478445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary Spherocytosis in a Neonate with a New Frameshift Deletion- A Case Report","authors":"L. Kasula, Swapna Lingaldinna, Rakesh Kotha, Alimelu Madireddi","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2258","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hemolytic anaemias often occur in neonates, often presenting with jaundice or encephalopathy. Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common cause, followed by glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency and ABO isoimmunization. Early diagnosis and laboratory evaluation are crucial for effective interventions and preventing complications. This case report helps to recognise the clinical signs of hereditary spherocytosis early. And to emphasise the importance of the HS ratio in the diagnostic approach to hereditary spherocytosis. \u0000Case Report: A 20-day-old first-born female baby presented with progressive pallor and jaundice since 7 days of life. The baby was treated with phototherapy and discharged home. On the 20th day, the parents noticed increasing jaundice and pallor, leading to a provisional diagnosis of hemolytic anaemia with splenomegaly. The baby had anaemia and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with normal liver enzymes. Hemolysis was found, and the mother's blood group was A-positive. The baby had an HS Ratio of 0.43, suggesting hereditary spherocytosis. Clinical exome sequencing confirmed hereditary spherocytosis type 2. The baby is currently 9 months old and growing normally. \u0000Conclusion: The HS ratio is more useful to diagnose hereditary spherocytosis. This study further expanded the mutation spectrum of the SPTB gene. Reaffirms the diagnostic value of gene detection in neonatal HS type 2.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129902898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile, Severity and Intensive Care needs of Children Admitted with Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infections in PICU: Post COVID Trend","authors":"Bincy Philip, T. Kavitha, Najiya, A. V. Gopalan, K. Sasidharan","doi":"10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v13i2256","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Epidemiology of RSV infection have shown changing trends in the post covid times. Changing pattern in its seasonality have been reported following relaxation of lockdown measures after SARS COVID. Literature describing severity and intensive care needs of pediatric RSV infections are scarce. Our study aims to describe the clinical profile, severity and intensive care needs of pediatric RSV infections requiring PICU admission in post COVID period. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective Study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Study period was from May 2022 and October 2022, over 6 months. \u0000Methodology: All children with clinical diagnosis of viral pneumonia or bronchiolitis were screened. RSV positive cases were taken for the study. The data including age, gender, symptoms, duration of each symptom, respiratory support, duration of oxygen requirement, number of days of PICU stay and outcome of all the children was entered into a structured proforma and data was analysed. The primary objective was to see clinical profile, severity and intensive care needs of RSV affected children aged 1month-12 years admitted in PICU with RSV infections. The secondary objective was to see mortality and length of PICU stay among them. \u0000Results: Out of 36 children with clinical diagnosis of viral pneumonia or acute bronchiolitis, 21 tested positive for respiratory virus, out of which 11 were RSV positive. There was a slight male preponderance. All children were aged less than 18 months. All had respiratory failure and required oxygen support (n=11, 100%). Intensive care needs were high flow nasal cannula requirement in 9 patients (n=9,82%), oxygen via nasal prongs (n=1,9%) and mechanical ventilation (n=1, 9%). Median (IQR) duration of oxygen requirements was 6 (5,9) days. Median (IQR) duration of PICU stay was 6(5,8) days. All 11 children survived. \u0000Conclusion: In the Post Covid era, RSV was the most identified viral etiology behind viral pneumonia or bronchiolitis in our PICU. All children had respiratory failure, which improved with High Flow Nasal Cannula in majority of the children.","PeriodicalId":393364,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pediatric Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115707089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}