Morphologie最新文献

{"title":"Historic specimen of calvaria showing late-stage syphilitic involvement from the Vernon-Roberts Museum of The University of Adelaide (Australia)","authors":"A. Saniotis ,&nbsp;M. Henneberg ,&nbsp;F.M. Galassi","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this case study, we discuss a rare specimen of syphilis from the Vernon-Roberts Museum of The University of Adelaide. The anatomical specimen has historical and medical implications of syphilis in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Given the lack of preserved clinical information, the case study underscores the importance of integrating paleopathological evidence with social and historical contexts in understanding disease expression and progression in past populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 367","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mental ossicles: A narrative review","authors":"S.K. Htike ,&nbsp;N. Kitagawa ,&nbsp;K. Fukino ,&nbsp;S. Ishii ,&nbsp;N. Komune ,&nbsp;J.R. Sañudo ,&nbsp;R.S. Tubbs ,&nbsp;J. Iwanaga","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mental ossicles, or the <em>ossicula mentalia</em>, are small anatomical structures located at the midline between the left and right mandibular halves in infants. They appear between 6 and 7 weeks of gestational age and disappear before or shortly after birth. Although they play a crucial role in shaping the human chin in the developmental stage, the mental ossicles are rarely described in the scientific literature. In this paper, we searched the available literature on “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” databases. Search terms such as “mental ossicles”, “ossicula mentalia”, and “mental bones” were used, followed by backward citation tracking to do a full-text review. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the mental ossicles and their occurrence, anatomical characteristics, embryological and histological findings. Understanding the mental ossicles in a human fetus play a critical role in the proper mandibular development and craniofacial symmetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 367","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism assessment through morphological analysis of the sella turcica in multislice computed tomography scans","authors":"E. Carneiro Ribeiro ,&nbsp;V. Lima Cordeiro ,&nbsp;F. Sampaio Neves ,&nbsp;F. Mesquita Tuji ,&nbsp;M. Lima Gurgel ,&nbsp;C.M. Chaves Junior ,&nbsp;L.H. Soares Cevidanes ,&nbsp;E.F.E. Maferano ,&nbsp;D.S. de Mendonça ,&nbsp;P.G. de Barros Silva ,&nbsp;A.S.W. de Aguiar ,&nbsp;F.W.G. Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sella turcica (ST) is a depression located within the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa. It houses the pituitary gland and serves as a crucial cephalometric landmark for craniofacial growth assessment. Given that several studies have analyzed its dimensions using imaging, some researchers have proposed evaluating its morphology in relation to sex, considering it a potential structure for human identification in forensic anthropology. This study aimed to assess sexual dimorphism through morphological evaluation of the ST in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scans of individuals from Northern and Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 200 MSCT scans equally distributed between sexes, from individuals aged 18 to 49 years. Sagittal sections were analyzed using RadiAnt software, based on morphological classifications proposed by Axelsson (normal, oblique anterior wall, pyramidal, double contour, bridging, and dorsum irregularity) and Yasa (oval, round, and flat). Descriptive analyses of qualitative data and correlations between ST morphology and sex were performed. Morphological correlations showed that the normal form was significantly more frequent in males (80%) than females aged 18–29 years (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005). Conversely, the oblique anterior wall was more prevalent in females (23.1%) within the same age range (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002). The round shape was significantly more common in young males (43.1%) compared to females (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.026), while the flat shape was more frequent in young females (61.5%) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.023). Other morphological types showed no significant sex differences across age groups. Based on this study, morphological features such as the normal shape, oblique anterior wall, round, and flat types serve as predictors of sexual dimorphism in individuals under 30 years of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 367","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological study of the capsular and discal insertions of the lateral pterygoid muscle","authors":"G. Bescond,&nbsp;M. Duterre,&nbsp;S. Van Sint Jan,&nbsp;V. Feipel","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many variations of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) anatomy have been described and, because of its assumed insertions on the intra-articular disc, the muscle is supposed to pull it during mouth movements. In clinics, the LPM has been held responsible for some temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement. The aim of this study was therefore to verify the insertions of the LPM onto the disc and joint capsule, using macro-anatomical dissection of human material and histological analysis under the microscope. The results showed great variability in the measurements (percentage coefficient of variation: 25<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->CV%<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->82). No correlation could be found between the different parameters measured (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.17<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->rho<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.61), nor any significant difference between the parameters measured on the left and right TMJs of the same specimen. Scarcity and small thickness of LPM fibers attaching directly onto the intra-articular disc raises doubts about its ability to mobilize it. The authors estimated that it would be useful to improve the anatomical knowledge of the muscle in order to better understand its action on TMJ, the behavior of the disc and for the purpose of future tri-dimensional (3D) biomechanical study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principle of biological adaptation: Evolutionary adaptations of the female pelvis to bipedalism as the main cause for fetopelvic disproportion","authors":"N.V. Zharova ,&nbsp;A.L. Evtushenko ,&nbsp;Y.O. Zharikov ,&nbsp;N.A. Zharov ,&nbsp;A. Pontes-Silva ,&nbsp;T.S. Zharikova","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout human evolution, changes in the size and shape of the pelvis have occurred in connection with bipedalism. These changes have become genetically fixed in the ontogeny of modern female <em>Homo sapiens</em>. The typological classification of pelvic shapes and sizes in women was examined, demonstrating the significance of pelvic structural features in influencing the course of labor. The application of modern pelvic examination methods for planning management strategies and predicting the outcome of natural childbirth was also discussed. Several recent studies on pelvic mobility during pregnancy suggest that performing small movements with a peanut-shaped exercise ball before and during labor may create more space in the pelvis and increase the likelihood of a safe vaginal birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"12mm wide parietal foramina: Morphological aspects and forensic application–A case report","authors":"T.K. Silva Santos ,&nbsp;R.G. De Oliveira ,&nbsp;A.B. Souza Oliveira ,&nbsp;L.G. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;A. Franco ,&nbsp;R.F. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enlarged parietal foramina (EPF) consist of a rare anatomical variation resulting from an autosomal dominant mutation, typically measuring over 5<!--> <!-->mm. Although often asymptomatic, this condition can be relevant in forensic anthropology for both human identification and differential diagnosis. This case report describes the presence of bilateral EPF in the skull of an adult male discovered in an advanced state of decomposition in Central-Western Brazil. Each foramen measured approximately 12<!--> <!-->mm and was detected during routine anthropological analysis. Potentially mimicking old gunshot wounds (especially when unilateral), the EPF was identified by its blunt margins, bilateral distribution in the parietal bone, and lack of macroscopically visible firearm residue and radiating fractures. This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare anatomical variants to avoid misinterpretation during medicolegal evaluations. When available, antemortem records may support its use as an identifying feature. The EPF remains an underreported condition, particularly in forensic settings, warranting further attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and perception of ‘Cadaver as our First Teacher’ among the Phase 1 students in their competency-based medical education","authors":"R. Vadgaonkar ,&nbsp;S.D. Ullal ,&nbsp;B.V. Murlimanju","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Throughout the world, there has been much emphasis on humanizing the cadaver with due respect as they are considered the first teachers for a medical student and, of late, have gained momentum. In this context, this research aimed to study the knowledge, attitude and perception of the cadaver among the Phase 1 medical students of our institution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional institution-based study of 416 medical students of Phase 1, which included 21 validated questions about the ‘attitude, ethics and communication’ module 1.5 of the competency-based medical education curriculum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, 235 (56.5%) of our students strongly agreed that the dissection hall is the only place where the dead teach the living. A total of four hundred and five students (97.4%) approved of “cadaver as their first teacher’ and 411 (98.8%) of them agreed that the cadaveric oath would inculcate responsibility, respect, and empathy in young medical undergraduates. In this study, 177 (70.8%) students expressed desire to perform cadaveric dissection on a routine basis, and the remaining 64 (25.6%) opined to perform it occasionally. Four hundred and ten (98.6%) students were aware of photographic prohibition without the permission of authoritative personnel inside the dissection hall or of specimens displayed there, and 405 (97.4%) also expressed that it is unethical to share those pictures on social media. Four hundred and thirteen (99.3%) of students were aware of the disposal protocol of the cadaveric tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study observed that the Phase 1 medical students were aware of the guidelines of attitude, ethics, communication, and hygiene protocols to be followed while dissection. They acknowledged that cadavers were their first teacher, who would assist them in both teaching and research. It is believed that this study is enlightening to the students and professors at the medical schools concerning the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal-4 in offering quality education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radio-morphologic assessment of dental formation leading to permanent teeth and third molar age estimation models","authors":"R. Pinto ,&nbsp;R. Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Z. Galego ,&nbsp;A. Turkina ,&nbsp;R. Boedi ,&nbsp;A. Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding dental development within populations is essential for clinical and forensic applications, particularly for age estimation in children and adolescents. This study aimed: I) to evaluate the chronology of dental development, eruption, and exfoliation by means of radiographic analysis and II) to propose dental age estimation models based on the development of permanent teeth and third molars. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs of individuals between 6 and 22.9<!--> <!-->years. Radiographs were analyzed for deciduous and permanent teeth, including third molars, using established staging systems for development, eruption, and exfoliation. Dental age estimation models were developed for permanent teeth and third molars, separately, using staging techniques. The models demonstrated high accuracy, with coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.94 for maxillary teeth, 0.95 for mandibular teeth, and 0.93 for third molars. The mean absolute errors (MAE) were approximately 0.6<!--> <!-->years for permanent teeth and 0.93<!--> <!-->years for third molars. This study contributes to the field of dental age estimation providing frameworks for evaluating subadults in contexts requiring legal or anthropological assessments. Future research should aim to test and validate these models in independent populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of bilateral thinning of the cranial bones in an elderly individual","authors":"D. Botha ,&nbsp;T. Lottering ,&nbsp;D.M. Brits ,&nbsp;E. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bilateral thinning of the parietal bone is a condition that has been known since the 18th century, with several names being given since its discovery. The aetiology is unknown but there are numerous theories. Although this condition is rarely encountered, its clinical significance may be relevant to traumatic cases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to present a case of bilateral thinning observed in the cranium of an 87-year elderly female, which was assessed macroscopically and radiologically to visualize the exact parameters of the thinned areas to discuss a plausible cause and aetiology of the condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During maceration for teaching purposes, the cranium was removed and assessed macroscopically. A micro-CT was then taken to determine the exact size and cranial thickness of the lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A differential diagnosis was established which included an unknown aetiology or Gorham-Stout disease. In addition, it was noted that metabolic factors, such as malnutrition and metabolic acidosis, should be considered as factors for increasing its severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Case studies on the presence of bilateral thinning of the parietal bones has been reported in various countries, while no case studies could be found reporting the presence of bilateral thinning on both the parietal and occipital bones. The combination of thinning reported in this study may suggest increased severity of a more advanced state of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the relationship between cadaveric dissection and anxiety experienced by anatomy students: A scoping review","authors":"V. Chytas ,&nbsp;M. Piagkou ,&nbsp;G. Paraskevas ,&nbsp;M. Salmas ,&nbsp;C. Lyrtzis ,&nbsp;D. Chytas","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Anatomical literature indicates that cadaveric dissection induces stress among anatomy students. We conducted a scoping review to explore the extent to which dissection correlates with the anxiety experienced by students in the context of anatomical education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and the Cochrane library for articles that explored students’ anxiety levels related to dissection for learning anatomy, using specific psychological assessment tools. From each included study, we extracted the following information: author(s), number of participants, duration and number of dissection courses, levels of anxiety (or stress) related to cadaveric dissection, assessment tools, possible interventions to reduce anxiety, and outcomes of these interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight articles were included. Four of them explored only dissection as a factor that affects anxiety, while the remaining four studies explored interventions implemented simultaneously with dissection. Most studies showed that dissection led to a notable reduction in the anxiety initially felt by students. This reduction seemed to be related to interventions such as listening to music or binaural beats simultaneously with dissecting. There is a lack of studies with methodology able to demonstrate that dissection itself increases anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cadaveric dissection generally seems to alleviate anatomy students’ initial anxiety. This alleviation may be facilitated by factors such as listening to music or binaural beats. Further research will clarify specific factors that significantly reduce students’ initial stress before dissection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 366","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}