Morphologie最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the ventricular morphology of the heart of Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Characiformes)","authors":"Diego D. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Mario V. B. Gardinal ,&nbsp;Thalles F. R. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Rinaldo Florêncio-Silva ,&nbsp;Mateus R. Vidal ,&nbsp;Luiz R. Falleiros-Júnior ,&nbsp;Sebartião R. Taboga ,&nbsp;Irene B. Franceschini-Vicentini ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Vicentini","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brycon amazonicus</em>, a fish species widely distributed along freshwater rivers in Latin America, is important in maintaining ecological balance. Although some morphological/physiological aspects of <em>B.</em> <em>amazonicus</em> have been reported, the cardiac histomorphology of this species remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the heart, emphasizing coronary distribution and ventricular myoarchitecture, correlating its structure with its functional activity. Ten adult specimens were anesthetized and perfused with Trident® ink to highlight the coronary branching. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized to collect the hearts, which were collected and processed for histological and histochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the heart of <em>B.</em> <em>amazonicus</em> has a pyramidal ventricle, mixed myocardium, and coronary vessels restricted to the compact layer, according to classifications in the literature. The compact layer comprises two types of muscle bundles, arranged in longitudinal and circular orientations. The coronary circulation, which originates in the lateral cephalic region, starts from the heart and extends to the ventricular myocardium. Therefore, <em>B.</em> <em>amazonicus</em> has a cardiac morphology similar to that of other teleost species already described in the literature, expanding information on the <em>Characiformes</em> group. The description obtained of the heart of this species may contribute to further studies that seek a better understanding of the ecophysiology and evolution of teleost fish in the freshwaters of the Neotropical region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 365","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Alpinia officinarum Rhizome extract on experimentally induced lung fibrosis: The pertinent role of Sirt1 and Nrf2 antioxidant pathways","authors":"Marwa A.S. Al-Gholam ,&nbsp;Huda I. Abd-Elhafiz ,&nbsp;Sara G. Tayel","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a frequently reported COVID-19 sequela. It is a progressive disorder characterized by respiratory failure and death. The properties of Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes (AO) make it a highly potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent. This study has evaluated AO's protective effects on bleomycin-induced PF in rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Bleomycin (5<!--> <!-->mg/kg, intratracheally) was used to induce PF in albino rats, and then, AO extract (200<!--> <!-->mg/kg/daily, orally) was administrated for 28<!--> <!-->days post-bleomycin-instillation. After euthanizing the rats, the biochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and histopathological examination of lung tissue were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings have revealed that bleomycin significantly increased the tissue level of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6, Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity level decreased in the lungs of bleomycin-instilled rats. However, AO extract significantly decreased histopathological injuries in hematoxylin &amp; eosin, Masson's trichrome-stained sections, inducible nitric oxide synthase and α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1 immunoexpression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Alpinia officinarum Rhizomes extract appears to protect against bleomycin-induced PF, possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100940"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloom's taxonomy as a tool for educational objectives applied to human anatomy","authors":"M.B. Montello,&nbsp;S.A. Bezerra de Moura,&nbsp;B.J. Abreu","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human anatomy has long been a foundational aspect of medical education. To innovate and refine educational methodologies, it is necessary to employ tools that streamline the organization of classroom objectives. One such tool is Bloom's taxonomy (BT), a two-dimensional framework that guides the selection of verbs in defining educational objectives for curriculum components and lesson plans.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Develop Bloom's taxonomy verbs by creating a reference table for educators of human anatomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-dimensional BT's table was constructed, allocating verbs applicable to the context of human anatomy and potential classroom application scenarios with descriptions of usage examples.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>Twenty-four verbs were assigned with proper allocation in the two-dimensional table, along with the description of the expected objective corresponding to each verb, including examples of how it would be used within an educational context in the discipline of human anatomy. The need to develop proposals that incorporate descriptions of BT verbs in healthcare settings has been identified, particularly focusing on metacognitive aspects and the development of lesson plans with objectives based on BT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This resource can be used by educators to consult when initiating the development of objectives to be achieved in a class, curriculum component, or educational activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the genetics, mechanisms, and therapeutic innovations in non-syndromic tooth agenesis","authors":"Guilherme Henrique Borges ,&nbsp;Caio Luiz Lins-Candeiro ,&nbsp;Isabela Vinhal Henriques ,&nbsp;Rui Barbosa de Brito Junior ,&nbsp;Matheus Melo Pithon ,&nbsp;Luiz Renato Paranhos","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth in the normal series due to failures during dental development in the odontogenesis process. Although tooth development mechanisms are more precise in the literature, the etiology of non-syndromic tooth agenesis remains partially unknown. Mutations in genes that regulate the transcription factors involved in tooth development are associated with this condition. Despite advances in genetic research, questions remain about whose understanding might enable more precise and customized treatments. This study aimed to explain the molecular mechanisms associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and treatment progression regarding the condition in genetics. The search was non-systematic and performed in MedLine (via PubMed). The inclusion criteria were observational and experimental studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, with open access and without time restrictions. The data analysis was narrative/descriptive. Fifty-three articles were selected. The primary genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis identified in the study include <em>PAX9</em> and <em>MSX1</em> – essential for molar and premolar formation; <em>WNT10A</em> and <em>WNT10B</em> – involved in cell signaling during odontogenesis; <em>AXIN2</em> – related to the regulation of cell control and colorectal cancer risk; <em>EDA</em> and <em>EDAR</em> – crucial for ectodermal structures; and <em>BMP4</em> – regulates cell differentiation and morphogenesis. These lesions directly affect tooth formation and quantity. Understanding these genetic foundations and the molecular mechanisms of tooth agenesis is essential to improve diagnosis, develop customized therapies, and enhance patients’ quality of life. Continuous research is critical to establish genetic-based therapeutic innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population comparison of facial soft tissue thickness","authors":"S. Kalafutová ,&nbsp;M. Chmelík ,&nbsp;J. Gaľová ,&nbsp;E. Petrejčíková","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thickness of the face's soft tissue has been widely measured through different populations around the world. In this study, we gathered and compared multiple measurements including our study group. We set the variables and included studies in which only females with normal values of BMI, age from 18 to 30<!--> <!-->years old were studied, and we included research with more than 10 study participants. We gathered 32 various studies and tested them with Kruskal-Wallis's test in RStudio. Statistical significance in tissue thickness was not confirmed when compared with the results of studies of different populations, which may indicate a greater importance in the bony mass in facial identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"During the breeding season, lymphocytes assemble into ellipse-shaped clusters in the uropygial gland of the jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos","authors":"A.J. Hirao ,&nbsp;M. Aoyama ,&nbsp;S. Sugita","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent studies indicate that the uropygial gland produces intraspecific chemosensory cues. The jungle crow <em>Corvus macrorhynchos</em>, which is a type of passerine, exhibits extreme morphological variation in the gonadal gland during the breeding season. Because the uropygial gland of the jungle crow sometimes exhibits morphological changes during the breeding season, we attempted to clarify the morphological changes in the uropygial gland of the jungle crow according to development and season.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Captured birds were divided into three age groups according to the color of their upper palate: &lt;<!--> <!-->1 year, 1–2 years, and &gt;2 years old. Paraffin sections of the uropygial gland were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Elastica van Gieson, Giemsa, and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sexual dimorphism was not seen in the morphology of the uropygial gland in the jungle crow. However, changes due to growth and season were identified. During the breeding season in birds<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->2 years old, lymphocytes formed ellipse-shaped clusters around the glandular cavity. These clusters were invaded by collagen fibers from spherical cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collagen fibers, which develop from spherical cells, seem to be related to lymphoid cluster migration. Ellipse-shaped lymphoid clusters may play a crucial role in reproductive behavior during the breeding season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of β-catenin and MSX1 proteins during parrot pseudoteeth and goose denticulations and giant filiform papillae's early development","authors":"S. Louryan ,&nbsp;M. Duterre,&nbsp;N. Vanmuylder","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To use immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of MSX1 and β-catenin proteins during parrot pseudoteeth development and goose denticulations and giant filiform papillae ontogeny.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Eggs were purchased from stockbreeders. Embryos from selected stages were removed and sliced. Immunohistochemistry using anti-MSX1 and anti-β-catenin antibodies was performed and the results were compared with each other.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For each protein, the staining predominated in the epithelial layer, with sparser labelling in the subjacent mesenchyme. Despite the unequal chronology of every appendage, the labelling became maximal around stage 40.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3><div>Although the overall pattern of labelling was similar in the three appendages, several differences were observed. These structures can be considered as homologous but not strictly similar. They are odontode derivatives, with different growing mechanisms. MSX1is considered as characteristic of progress zones and areas of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (as β-catenin) and is closely associated with β-catenin in several models. Our observations were consistent with these features, and pseudoteeth and denticulations were found to differ from true teeth in their mechanism of development: evagination vs invagination. In true tooth germs, MSX1 express mainly in the mesenchyme. In conclusion, our findings do reinforce the homologies between all these appendages but also reveal a key difference between the development of tooth germs, pseudoteeth and denticulations. Our findings also suggest that tongue papillae differ from pseudoteeth appendages in several growing mechanisms despite the similarities found between the two.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sommaire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1286-0115(24)00180-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1286-0115(24)00180-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"108 363","pages":"Article 100931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"S. Louryan","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The posterior condylar canal: An anatomical study on dry human skulls","authors":"A. Shmarhalov ,&nbsp;A. Helu ,&nbsp;L. Wsolova ,&nbsp;V. Ikramov ,&nbsp;O. Vovk ,&nbsp;K. Shmarhalova ,&nbsp;S. Polak ,&nbsp;S. Malakhov","doi":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The human skull contains various foramina, including the posterior condylar canal (PCC), which allows the passage of emissary veins. The PCC connects the jugular foramen to the condylar fossa and facilitates venous drainage between the jugular bulb and suboccipital venous plexus. Due to its variable size and location, the PCC can be mistaken for pathological structures, posing challenges during neurosurgical procedures. While the transcondylar approach has gained popularity in craniovertebral surgeries, limited research exists on PCC variations. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PCC in the dry adult human skulls and to study their morphology due to its clinical importance.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 52 well-preserved dry adult human skulls. Skulls with pathological changes or deformities were excluded. The presence, openness, and length of the PCC, as well as the external and internal diameters of the foramina, were assessed using Kerr endodontic files and measured with digital Vernier caliper. Conventional statistical methods were used to evaluate the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 52 skulls, 98.1% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51) had visible PCCs, with 84.6% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->44) showing bilateral and 13.5% (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->7) unilateral presence. The mean PCC length was 11.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.9<!--> <!-->mm on the right and 11.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.8<!--> <!-->mm on the left, with no significant difference between sides (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.96). External diameters averaged 3.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.7<!--> <!-->mm (right) and 3.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.2<!--> <!-->mm (left), and internal diameters were 5.0<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.7<!--> <!-->mm (right) and 4.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.5<!--> <!-->mm (left), with no statistical difference (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.24). Most PCC openings were medium-sized (2–5<!--> <!-->mm) while large (&gt;<!--> <!-->5<!--> <!-->mm) and small (&lt;<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->mm) orifices were less common.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The PCC was found to be highly prevalent, predominantly bilaterally, with most openings exhibiting medium sizes. These findings highlight the PCC's anatomical significance and its relevance in radiology and surgical procedures involving the occipital condyle and jugular foramen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":39316,"journal":{"name":"Morphologie","volume":"109 364","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}