Studies on Ethno-Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ethnomedical Practices of Parengi Porja Mothers: A Vulnerable Tribe in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Srividhya Samakya","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.547","url":null,"abstract":"The Parengi Porja is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Population (PVTG), an aboriginal and small population inhabiting the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. The objective of the study is to detail on the Parengi Porjas tribal mothers’ ethno-etiology, ethno-symptomology, ethno-gynecological and ethno-obstetrics practices, and the timings of ethnomedicine intake which elucidates their ways of regaining health after childbirth and the illness episodes. The people also strongly believe in the concept of warding off an evil eye and the evil spirits which in turn help them in curing their illness. Twenty illnesses were classified into mild and severe, and five female-specific health related practices were analyzed. The findings of the study show that these practices are passing down from generations and are culturally acceptable, meaningful, and provide relief and care to the affected person at the earliest period. There also exists medical pluralism but in less extent as reaching modern medical facilities, requires time, transportation facilities, extreme climatic conditions as the region is prone to heavy rains and cyclones and also have language barriers with the doctors and nurses.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spasmolytic Effects of Salvia triloba Leaf Extract on Smooth Muscles of the Duodenum in Rats","authors":"Islam H. AlTarawneh","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.03.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.03.588","url":null,"abstract":"Salvia triloba is considered one of the medicinal plant that is frequently used in Jordan and the Middle East in alternative medicine against a number of diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. The effects of Salvia triloba leaf aqueous extracton the isolated smooth muscles of the rat duodenum were investigated. Isolated organ bath was adopted. The specimens were pre-contracted with reagents such as acetylcholine, potassium chloride (KCl), and barium chloride (BaCl2). .Then Salvia triloba extract was added in concentrations of 0.1–3mg/ml. The contraction-inhibition signals were collected and the effect was traced and analyzed. The aqueous Salvia triloba leaf extract inhibited the spontaneous contraction of rat duodenum in a dose-dependent manner, especially in the inhibition of acetylcholine. No significant inhibition was noticed with either KCl or BaCl2. The aqueous Salvia triloba leaf extract showed antispasmodic action which took its effect through the inhibition of acetylcholine that explained its use traditionally in alleviating gastrointestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47324217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity of Mental Challenge: Determinant of Quality of Sibling Relationship","authors":"Ritu Singh","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.580","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the effect of severity of mental challenge on the sibling relationship of normal children with their mentally challenged siblings. For the present study, 150 families with mentally challenged children were selected from 3 different rehabilitation centres of Delhi by randomly drawing 50 children from each degree of mental challenge, viz. mild, moderate and severe. The respondents for the present study comprised of one (any) of the parents and one (any) normal sibling of mentally challenged children making a total of 300. Sibling Relationship Scale was administered on respondents to arrive at meaningful inferences about sibling relationship between mentally challenged children and their normal siblings. Findings of the present study revealed that higher the severity of mental challenge significantly higher was warmth/closeness and relative status/power and significantly less was conflict and rivalry between mentally challenged children and their normal siblings. Address for correspondence:","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Stress Effect and Socio-demographic Factors in Substance Use: A Study of Undergraduate Students in a South African University","authors":"A. Akanni","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.586","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effects of stress, year of study, gender and race on substance use among university undergraduates in the North-West province of South Africa. Respondents were 318 (mean age = 1.48; SD = 0.50, female = 63.5%) undergraduate students in the North-West university of South Africa. Respondents completed the stress component of the Drug, Anxiety and Stress Test as well as the Drug Abuse Screening Test. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA analyses. Results showed a between subject significant main effect of stress, F(2,309) = 7.11, p<.05, ηp 2 = .044 and a between subject significant main effect of year of study, F(3,310) = 5.08, p<.05, ηp 2 = .047 on substance use among university undergraduate students. Thus, the finding emphasized the importance of basic stress management training to undergraduate students, particularly in their first year to reduce the reliance on substance use as a way of mitigating academic stress.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky Behaviour among Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) with Respect to the Self-management of Needle-inflicted Wounds, Damaged Veins, and Limb Ulcers: A Comparative Descriptive Review between South Africa and China","authors":"Mahlalela Vusi Zakhele","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.589","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous drug users are exposed to great risk, not only through exposure to HIV infection, but also as a consequence of attempting to treat the injuries which result from injecting drugs. This paper takes the form of a review of relevant available literature, in order to assess the risks to which IDUs expose themselves and suggest possible measures for containing the hazards which are inherent in self-medication. The findings of the review revealed that stigmatisation, isolation, discrimination, and the criminalisation of possession of drugs all influence the inclination of IDUs to avoid seeking medical treatment. The researchers believe that policies pertaining to the use of illicit drugs should be restructured or reformulated to prioritise the rights and well-being of IDUs and encourage them to seek primary healthcare treatment, as opposed to attempting to tackle the social problem of intravenous drug abuse through punitive law enforcement.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vacuum Drying On Nutrient Retention of Some Commonly Consumed Herbs","authors":"G. Kaur","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.574","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper was to evaluate the effect of vacuum drying on nutrient retention of some commonly consumed herbs. Fresh herbs (basil leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum), drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) and mint leaves (Mentha)) were procured from Department of Agronomy, PAU, Ludhiana. The leaves of herbs were cleaned and dried in vacuum oven at 50±5oC, ground to form powder and stored in zip pouches for further use. Herbs were analysed for their proximate composition, minerals (iron, zinc and calcium), vitamins (vitamin C and βcarotene) bioactive compounds (total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity), and anti-nutritional factors (phytin phosphorous and oxalates). The percent increase in protein content after drying was maximum in BL (80.26%) followed by ML (77.91%) and DL (76.13%). A significant decrease (p<0.01) was found in moisture content of all herbs after drying while ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy content of herbs increased significantly (p<0.01) after drying. Percent decrease in ascorbic acid content was 49.82, 49.97 and 63.13 percent in BL, ML and DL, respectively. β-carotene content of leaves of fresh herbs ranged from 1489.2017992 μg/100g and 1989.01-32100 μg/100g in dried leaves. Calcium content increased by 74.01, 82.88 and 82.78 percent after drying in BL, ML and DL, while zinc content was 74.26, 73.22and 68.56 percent in BL, ML and DL. Dried herbs like DL, BL and ML increased in phytate and oxalate content by 30.4, 25.9 and 25.9 percent and 16.8, 26.3 and 12.4 percent, respectively. Percent increase in total phenol content after drying was 48, 49 and 46 percent in BL, ML and DL, respectively. Percent increase in DPPH content after drying was 78.46, 82.82 and 81.80 percent in BL, ML and DL, respectively. Percent increase in TAC by ABTS after drying was maximum in BL (87.85%) followed by ML (86.12%) and DL (74.03%). Range of FRAP for fresh leaves of herbs was 112.05142.31 TE/100g and it was 843.49-886.23 mg TE/100g in dried leaves. Percent increase was 83.12, 87.36 and 79.27 percent in BL, ML and DL, respectively. Content of bioactive compounds increased significantly (p<0.01) after drying. It was concluded that drying of herbs led to significant increase in proximate composition except moisture, in bioactive compounds, in mineral content and β-carotene, while a decrease in vitamin C and moisture content was also observed. Maximum percent increase of phytate content was found in drumstick leaves followed by basil leaves and mint leaves after drying.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Informant Consensus Factor for Ethno-functional Foods among Bhil, Meena, Garasia and Damor Tribes of Southern Rajasthan, India","authors":"A. Arora","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.583","url":null,"abstract":"Informant consensus factor (ICF) is a quantitative analytical parameter to evaluate degree of agreement among informant’s knowledge and is important in sorting plants for their applicability. The present paper deals with homogeneity test of informant’s therapeutic knowledge within tribal communities and neighboring tribes of the Southern Rajasthan. Ethno-medicinal survey of various tribal localities of study area reveals 135 therapeutic usages of 79 plants for 16 body system and 64 disease category/ ailments. Different plant parts are used for various therapeutic recipes. As study area is predominantly populated by Bhil, Meena, Garasia and Damor tribes. The comparative study of their therapeutic efficacy reveals high level of homogeneity in therapeutic practices in Bhil tribe for 66.66 percent disease categories as prescribed by WHO followed by Meena, Damor and Garasia tribe. Highest ICF (1.00) was obtained for ailments of digestive system from Damor tribe indicating précised practices and agreement among practitioners.","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Taboos and Codes of Conduct for Pregnant Women at Mount Sindoro, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"A. Triratnawati","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.02.590","url":null,"abstract":"Undernourishment is a serious global health issue, threatening 165 million toddlers ninety percent of them in Asia and Africa with stunting. Indonesia has one of the highest levels of stunting prevalence, ranking fifth in the world. The people of Mount Sindoro, Central Java, have some of the highest stunting rates. This is caused by many factors, foremost of which is the undernourishment of pregnant women and toddlers. In that context, this paper discusses the food and conduct taboos for pregnant women in the area, as well as the beliefs in the Dieng region. The ethnographic study was conducted between July and October 2017. Data was collected through observation and interviews with 21 informants, including pregnant women, mothers of toddler, health providers, TBA’s, cadre and local leaders. Food and conduct taboos for pregnant women are passed from generation to generation. These taboos are linked to labor complications. Food taboos are linked to the consumption of fried rice, durians, jackfruits, pineapples, and sugarcane. Codes of conduct, meanwhile, include carrying dlingo bengle (Acorus calamus, Zingiber montanum) when going out, eating from big plates, and smearing the bedroom door with oil, as well as prohibitions against napping, working in the fields, eating spicy foods, grilling food, throwing away garbage, thinking about disabled people, killing animals, and taking newborns outside the house before they are 40 days old. Violation of such taboos and codes of conduct are believed to negatively affect the labor process. The well-established traditions and local culture, as well as the fear of labor complications, influences pregnant women to obey these taboos and codes of conduct. Address for correspondence: Atik Triratnawati Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sosio Humaniora 1, Sleman, Jogjakarta 55281, Indonesia Telephone: +62-0274-55045","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Health Care System without Traditional Medicine: A Distorted Approach","authors":"I. A. Nwosu","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.1.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.1.584","url":null,"abstract":"The major purpose of Nigeria’s National Health Policy is comprehensive health care. Nigeria’s healthcare system is actually patterned in line with the universal levels; primary, secondary and tertiary. Unfortunately, traditional medicine (TM) is not recognized at any of these levels. Therefore, this paper assessed the level of successes and weaknesses inherent in orthodox medicine and the aspects that require traditional medicine to improve the system. To achieve this, different articles and documents were reviewed. The result shows that a high profile initiative has been put together by the Health Ministry to articulate Nigeria’s comprehensive actions to fast track the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, the current National Health Policy in Nigeria did not incorporate TM. There are idiopathic illnesses, whose causes are unknown to orthodox medicine. This is where TM excels both in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, a good health care system must incorporate TM through the application of cross-breeding integrative approach. Address for correspondence: Dr. Innocent A. Nwosu Phone: 08067653411 E-mail:innoglo22000@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION The goal of the National Health Policy is to bring about a comprehensive health care system for all citizens of Nigeria. Unfortunately, Nigeria is presently confronted with a health crisis, driven by enormous burden of poverty and disease. Under the current health care system, orthodox medicine has taken the centre stage. Traditional medicine has been relegated to the background. In some cases, traditional medicine has been regarded as fetish, evil, unhygienic and sign of backwardness. This is in spite of the fact that Kaya (2017:16) pointed out that the World Health Organization (WHO) defined traditional medicine (TM) as the “sum total of the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures..... used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, in improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.” However, with the neglect of TM, it has been realized that many Nigerians are still dying of preventable and/or curable diseases. Comprehensive healthcare therefore, has been a mirage due to poor quality of services, inefficient service delivery and inadequate resources to finance the system. Actually, health care services mirror society’s cosmology and political structure. That is why it has been difficult to achieve comprehensive health care without recognising the culture and worldview of the people, of which traditional medicine is part. Traditional health care system, which is the oldest medical system in Nigeria, has been the initial avenue of assessing care for seventy-five percent of the Nigerian population (Baidoo2009). This is why Yuan et al. (2016) noted that TMs use natural products and are of great value. According to them, TMs have been practised in different parts of the worl","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Knowledge in Association with Health Status of Punjabi Males with Carcinoma Prostate: A Comparative Study","authors":"P. K. Dhillon","doi":"10.31901/24566772.2019/13.1.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566772.2019/13.1.582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39279,"journal":{"name":"Studies on Ethno-Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}