Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre experience.","authors":"Zuzanna Nowak,&nbsp;Jakub Gawlik,&nbsp;Anna Wędrychowicz,&nbsp;Joanna Nazim,&nbsp;Jerzy Starzyk","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.119944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.119944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Because acute glycaemic com-plications account for most concerns in the management of T1DM in children, special attention during the challenging time of the global COVID-19 pandemic is required to prevent deteriorations resulting in acute hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>is to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with established type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the admitted population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of acute hospitalizations of 39 T1DM patients between 15 and 17 years of age in the period 2018-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference was noted in the incidence of acute hospitalizations and DKA or the biochemical parameters of adolescents with T1DM between the pre-COVID (23 patients in 2018-2019) and COVID period (16 patients in 2020-2021). It is, howev-er, worth underlying that 6/11 (55%) patients hospitalised in 2021 experienced diabetes deterioration as a result of emo-tional distress - a phenomenon that was not present in the pre-COVID era. After excluding of the hospitalizations due to psy-chosocial causes, a significant decrease in the number of acute hospitalizations in the COVID period was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suppose that increased parental supervision during the pandemic might have prevented some of the episodes of severe disease decompensation, but this was masked by the sharp increase in hospitalizations due to emotional distress. Our data confirmed that psycho-emotional status is an important factor in the treatment of T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/09/PEDM-29-47924.PMC10226457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10642323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial hybrid closed-loop systems available for a patient with type 1 diabetes in 2022.","authors":"Sebastian Seget, Anna Tekielak, Ewa Rusak, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126359","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technological advances offer the opportunity to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications and burden of type 1 diabetes while improving patient quality of life. Closed-loop insulin delivery systems take the technology to a larger scale by integrating CGM systems with an insulin pump and an algorithm that automates insulin delivery (HCL systems). Several systems using hybrid closed loop technology are currently offered in the global marketplace: the MiniMed™ 670G and MiniMed™ 780G (SmartGuard™) system from Medtronic; the T slim x2 Control IQ from Tandem; the Omnipod5 automated mode (HypoProtect™)5 from Insulet; and the CamAPS FX DanaRS or Ypso pump. Insulet's Omnipod5 automated mode (HypoProtect™) is currently in clinical trials. As technology moves forward, advanced systems are being developed that include an elaborate algorithm with individualization of major target points, automated correction bolus functionality, and increased stability of the automated mode (Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop - AHCL systems). The AHCL systems include: MiniMed™ 780G (SmartGuard™); Tandem's T slim x2 Control IQ; Insulet's Omnipod5-Automated mode (HypoProtect™); and CamAPS FX. The purpose of this paper is to present commercial devices using HCL and AHCL in 2022, also from a scientific point of view. It is an undeniable fact that \"auto-mode\" systems represent a new stage that can be confidently called a revolution in diabetology.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/88/PEDM-29-50490.PMC10226452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9706532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel homozygous leptin receptor mutation in an infant with monogenic obesity.","authors":"Hiya Boro,&nbsp;Vikash Bundela,&nbsp;Velmurugan Mannar,&nbsp;Lakshmi Nagendra,&nbsp;Vinita Jain,&nbsp;Bimal Jain,&nbsp;Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;Sourabh Agstam","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.129344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.129344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monogenic obesity can be caused by a mutation in one of the single genes involved in hunger and satiety. The most common mutations affect melanocortin 4 (MC4) followed by the leptin gene and its receptor. Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene mutation is an extremely rare endocrine disease characterized by early-onset obesity, hyperphagia in addition to pituitary hormone deficiency, and metabolic abnormalities. We report the case of a 12-month-old male infant born of a non-consanguineous marriage. He presented to us with rapid weight gain from 2 months of age along with hyperphagia. Biochemistry revealed a deranged lipid profile, elevated transaminases, and markedly raised serum leptin levels. On genetic analysis, a novel mutation was detected, which was a homozygous variation In exon 12 of the LEPR gene (chr1:g.65608901G>A) that resulted in the synonymous amino acid change of lysine at codon 584 proximal to donor splice site (p.Lys584). The in silico prediction of the variant was 'damaging' by MutationTaster2. The mutation was classified as a 'variant of uncertain significance' due to a lack of published literature and had to be correlated carefully with the clinical symptoms. It was recommended to do Sanger sequencing of the parents and other family members. However, due to financial constraints, the family could not afford the same. At the time of writing, funds were being arranged for procuring setmelanotide, which is a novel and effective therapy for monogenic obesity due to LepR mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/dc/PEDM-29-51057.PMC10411088.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fibroblast growth factor 21 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to microvascular complications.","authors":"Nermien Tantawy,&nbsp;Eman Sherif,&nbsp;Randa M Matter,&nbsp;Nouran Salah,&nbsp;Nour Eldin Abozeid,&nbsp;Heba Atif","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.121372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.121372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) represents a growing global health problem with significant morbidity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an adipokine expressed predominantly in the liver that plays an important role in metabolic regulation.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study assesses FGF21 levels in children with DM1, in comparison to controls, and correlates them with diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetic microvascular complications.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty children with DM1, aged between 5 and 16 years, were studied regarding their diabetes duration, HbA1c, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), fundus, and FGF21 level. They were compared to 50 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median FGF21 of the studied children with DM1 was 150 pg/ml, range 50-350 pg/ml; while that of the controls was 35 pg/ml, range 20-50 pg/ml. FGF21 level was significantly higher in children with DM1 than in controls ( p < 0.001). Moreover, it was significantly and positively correlated with diabetes duration, mean blood glucose level, and HbA1c ( p < 0.001, p = 0.015, p = 0.018, respectively). Interestingly, the FGF21 level was not significantly elevated in children with DM1 having diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy ( p = 0.122, p = 0.298, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FGF21 is significantly higher among children with DM1 than in controls. However, its role in diabetic microvascular complica-tions needs further assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/4e/PEDM-29-48234.PMC10411091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon","authors":"Łukasz Wybrańczyk, Aleksandra Brudzińska, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, Grażyna Deja","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.130028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028","url":null,"abstract":"AMA Wybrańczyk Ł, Brudzińska A, Jarosz-Chobot P, Deja G. Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. APA Wybrańczyk, Ł., Brudzińska, A., Jarosz-Chobot, P., & Deja, G. (2023). Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028 Chicago Wybrańczyk, Łukasz, Aleksandra Brudzińska, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, and Grażyna Deja. 2023. \"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon\". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. Harvard Wybrańczyk, Ł., Brudzińska, A., Jarosz-Chobot, P., and Deja, G. (2023). Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028 MLA Wybrańczyk, Łukasz et al. \"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon.\" Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. Vancouver Wybrańczyk Ł, Brudzińska A, Jarosz-Chobot P, Deja G. Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028.","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assessment and self-perception of the body in 18-year-old girls.","authors":"Karolina N Ziora-Jakutowicz, Wojciech Pałasz, Piotr Gorczyca, Katarzyna Ziora","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.133313","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pedm.2023.133313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies focusing on self-perception of one's body usually cover subjects with eating disorders. There is a lack of similar studies.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Conducting survey research on self-assessment and self-perception of one's own body in girls.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A survey was conducted in 1047 female students (average age: 18 years ±0.25) focusing on self-assessment and self-perception of their body mass, body parts, and eating habits. The study subjects were divided into groups of normal weight, obese, and underweight according to their BMI and BMI-SDS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were twice as many girls dissatisfied with their body weight in the underweight group and 10 times as many in the obese group. 8% of girls with normal body weight perceived their body as overweight. 70% of subjects with a normal body weight and ca. 25% of obese thought they were obese in the area of the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and thighs. Fear of gaining weight was characteristic most often for girls with abnormal body weight who confessed to eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>1. Most 18-year-old girls do not demonstrate any symptoms of distorted body self-perception; a vast majority of girls with normal body weight exaggerate the shapes of body parts, which causes them to undertake measures aiming to lose weight. Only a quarter of obese subjects perceive their individual body parts as obese, which might result in their lack of motivation to lose weight. 2. It is necessary to introduce healthy lifestyle educators in schools to prevent ED and obesity in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"237-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a single-centre observational study.","authors":"Dawid Goncerz, Edyta Mazurek, Marta Piasny, Anna Surówka, Jerzy B Starzyk, Małgorzata Wójcik, Marta Makara-Studzińska","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.133121","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pedm.2023.133121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) significantly affects the everyday functioning of the child and its family. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and estimate their potential association with various clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>59 adolescents with T1DM (age 15-18) and their parents answered validated questionnaires (Children's Depression Inventory 2, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and a survey assessing everyday functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in the occurrence of symptoms of depression in children and their parents (p = 0.975), but significant differences were found for anxiety. The distribution of the sten X1 and X2 values of adolescents and parents were different (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001, respectively). Girls were characterized by a higher level of depression both based on the overall score (p = 0.010) and the emotional problems (p = 0.022), and functional problems (p = 0.012). There was no significant correlation between diabetes duration time, glycaemic control, the occurrence of acute diabetes complications, and the parameters assessing anxiety and depression. Optimal glycaemic control, defined as HbA1c below 6.5% and TIR above 70%, was associated with sex (p = 0.001) and a high level of functional problems (p = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the studied population, adolescent girls with T1DM presented depressive symptoms more often than boys, and anxiety symptoms in adolescents were described more frequently by parents than by the teenagers themselves. Higher HbA1c was correlated with a higher level of functional problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 4","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The positive impact of lifestyle intervention on selected mio- and chemokines levels in prepubertal children with obesity.","authors":"Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Wójcik,&nbsp;Dominika Januś,&nbsp;Jerzy Starzyk","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.127273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.127273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is proven that life style modification (diet and physical exercises) have positive effect on the metabolic functions in pa-tients with obesity, even without significant weight reduction.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The objective of the present study was to check whether the intensive controlled lifestyle intervention (personalized diet modification and monitored, regular physical activity) may have positive impact on the concentration of irisin and chemerin in children with obesity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty children (mean age 8.9) were included in the prospective, cross-over study. They were randomly assigned to group A (with three months intensive intervention), and B (standard intervention). After three months, the groups were switched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean irisin level increased significantly after the phase of intensive intervention (4.8 to 5.1 µg/ml; p = 0.03), regardless of whether the intervention was applied from the beginning (Group A) or after 3 months from the advice of healthy-lifestyle (Group B). A period without intensive monitoring was associated with a significant reduction of irisin level. For chemerin in the group A (starting from intensive intervention) mean level decreased after the phase of intensive intervention (65.8 to 57.0 ng/ml), and then increased to 67 ng/ml during the standard intervention. In the group B after the standard intervention period chemerin level increased 67.5 to 68.8 ng/ml (p = 0.03), and then after introduction the intensive intervention de-creased to 63.7 ng/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personalized diet modification and regular, daily exercises may positively influence on the levels of irisin and chemerin.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/32/PEDM-29-50657.PMC10411087.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ze’ev Hochberg (August 10, 1946 – January 5, 2023)","authors":"A. Gawlik","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.126458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83110674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of repeated pain exposure on morning salivary cortisol in term and preterm neonates.","authors":"Marta Olszewska,&nbsp;Przemko Kwinta","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.121370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.121370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Introduction: Because neonates in the intensive care units (ICU) experience recurrent stress due to painful medical procedures, they are at risk of dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of repeated pain exposure on morning salivary cortisol (SC) in newborns admitted to the ICU.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The neonates were divided into 3 groups: term (370/7-416/7 weeks), moderate to late preterm (320/7-366/7 weeks), and very preterm (< 320/7 weeks). The hospital stay was prospectively monitored for the number of the most common medical procedures. At least 2 saliva samples for morning SC were collected after completion of 35 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants and before discharge in term neonates. The results of SC were compared with the reference intervals for healthy term newborns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group consisted of 57 patients: 21 term, 17 moderate to late preterm, and 19 very preterm neonates. Very preterm neonates obtained the highest values of mean morning SC in comparison to moderate to late preterm and term infants (3.83 [1.67-8.81] ng/ml vs. 2.44 [1.94-4.38] ng/ml vs. 2.15 [1.5-5.25] ng/ml, p = 0.45). The relationship between mean morning SC and the number of invasive blood samplings was found only in term newborns (Rs = -0.44, p < 0.05). 46% of all SC measurements in very preterm, 47% in moderate to late preterm, and 46% in term infants were within the reference intervals for healthy newborns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High exposure to painful procedures seems to dampen the morning SC in term, but not in preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/17/PEDM-29-48232.PMC10226451.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9575315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}