Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Introduction to the Polish branch of the INNODIA program","authors":"Paulina Pokrywka, H. Kaminska, P. Jarosz-Chobot","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.125365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.125365","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed by T lymphocytes [1]. According to the World Health Organization, in 2019 alone, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths [2]. So far, the disease process is not fully understood, and a cure has not yet been developed, which is why diabetes is one of the priority diseases under research in the World Health Organization’s first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI1 and IMI2) [3]. Of the 13 projects funded by IMI until October 2019, only one was targeted to type 1 diabetes – INNODIA [3].","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"C-27 1","pages":"57 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84431673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta cell function in the early stages of type 1 diabetes: still a long way ahead of us.","authors":"Alfonso Galderisi","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.126360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (namely stage 3 type 1 diabetes [T1D]) is preceded by a relatively prolonged pre-symptomatic phase featured by islet autoimmunity [1] with (Stage 2 T1D) or without (Stage 1 T1D) dysglycaemia. While islet autoimmunity is the hallmark of the underlying autoimmune process, very little evidence is available for the metabolic changes that accompany the loss of functional beta cell mass. Indeed, a steep decline of C-peptide - a surrogate marker of beta cell function - is measurable only ~6 months before the onset of Stage 3 T1D [2]. Disease modifier drugs have, there-fore, a very limited window of intervention because we lack of effective methods to track beta cell function over time and to identify early changes of insulin secretion that precedes dysglycaemia [3, 4] and clinically symptomatic diabetes. Herein, we will revise current approaches to longitudinally track beta cell function over time before the onset of Stage 3 T1D, which might be suitable for monitoring the risk for diabetes progression as well as the effectiveness of disease modifier treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/37/PEDM-29-50491.PMC10226454.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audit of management of children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia as per recent Endocrine Society guidelines.","authors":"Lalitha S,&nbsp;Hemchand Krishna Prasad,&nbsp;Bharath Ramjee,&nbsp;Lakshmi Venugopalan,&nbsp;Nandhini Ganapathy,&nbsp;Balamourougane Paramasamy","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.122547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.122547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In view of the modifications in the endocrine society guidelines on evaluation and management of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), we performed a review of children and adolescents with CAH.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An audit of 35 children with CAH presenting to the pediatric endocrinology clinic between January 2014 to November 2021 was conducted by formulating ten audit questions. The areas of focus included: genital reconstructive surgery, neonatal screening for CAH, stress dosing, need for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, growth promoting therapy, bone age assessment, adrenal imaging, bone mineral density assessment, adequacy of hormone replacement and appropriate management of non-classical CAH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conservative approach to genitoplasty in female children increased from 42.9% to 88.9%. Newborn screening identified 4 babies including two asymptomatic males averting saltwasting crisis. Stress dosing of steroids were advised in all and emergency usage of injectable glucocorticoids was warranted in two children. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue therapy improved the final median predicted height by 7 cm in 5 children. Twenty-three (65.7%) had bone age assessment with 14 (40%) having advanced bone age. ACTH stimulation test, Adrenal imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan were done in accordance with the guideline. One child with nonclassical CAH was initiated on hydrocortisone replacement for advanced bone age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A shift to conservative surgical management of females, utility of neonatal screening for CAH, judicious use of growth promoting therapy is highlighted. Need for bone age testing, emergency hydrocortisone provision is warranted in our series.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/58/PEDM-29-48851.PMC10226460.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9947780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today","authors":"Monika Soczewka, Andrzej Kędzia, Bogda Skowrońska, Elżbieta Niechciał","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.132027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.132027","url":null,"abstract":"AMA Soczewka M, Kędzia A, Skowrońska B, Niechciał E. Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023;29(3):184-189. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.132027. APA Soczewka, M., Kędzia, A., Skowrońska, B., & Niechciał, E. (2023). Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 29(3), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.132027 Chicago Soczewka, Monika, Andrzej Kędzia, Bogda Skowrońska, and Elżbieta Niechciał. 2023. \"Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today\". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 29 (3): 184-189. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.132027. Harvard Soczewka, M., Kędzia, A., Skowrońska, B., and Niechciał, E. (2023). Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 29(3), pp.184-189. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.132027 MLA Soczewka, Monika et al. \"Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today.\" Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, vol. 29, no. 3, 2023, pp. 184-189. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.132027. Vancouver Soczewka M, Kędzia A, Skowrońska B, Niechciał E. Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes – once upon a time versus today. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023;29(3):184-189. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.132027.","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherosclerosis: risk assessment and the role of aiming for optimal glycaemic control in young patients with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Martyna Kolasa,&nbsp;Aleksandra Olejnik,&nbsp;Ewa Rusak,&nbsp;Agata Chobot","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.122546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.122546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with healthy children, peers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) have an increased risk of developing advanced atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Glycaemic control is the most important modifiable risk factor for CVD in DM1. Currently, monitoring of glycaemic control relies on glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c), self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. The flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) may be used to assess the risk of CVD, by estimating the process of atherosclerosis in peripheral vessels. Aim of the study: To summarize the current literature on the correlation of metabolic control in young people with DM1, assessed by key metrics from CGM reports, and the development of atherosclerosis and the incidence of CVD. Conclusions: Chronic hyperglycaemia is an independent risk factor for vascular changes. The effect of glycaemic control - assessed on the basis of parameters obtained from CGM reports - on the risk of CVD in DM1 has been analysed in few studies, especially in the paediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/af/PEDM-29-48850.PMC10226450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9575311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre experience.","authors":"Zuzanna Nowak,&nbsp;Jakub Gawlik,&nbsp;Anna Wędrychowicz,&nbsp;Joanna Nazim,&nbsp;Jerzy Starzyk","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.119944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.119944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Because acute glycaemic com-plications account for most concerns in the management of T1DM in children, special attention during the challenging time of the global COVID-19 pandemic is required to prevent deteriorations resulting in acute hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>is to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with established type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the admitted population.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of acute hospitalizations of 39 T1DM patients between 15 and 17 years of age in the period 2018-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference was noted in the incidence of acute hospitalizations and DKA or the biochemical parameters of adolescents with T1DM between the pre-COVID (23 patients in 2018-2019) and COVID period (16 patients in 2020-2021). It is, howev-er, worth underlying that 6/11 (55%) patients hospitalised in 2021 experienced diabetes deterioration as a result of emo-tional distress - a phenomenon that was not present in the pre-COVID era. After excluding of the hospitalizations due to psy-chosocial causes, a significant decrease in the number of acute hospitalizations in the COVID period was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suppose that increased parental supervision during the pandemic might have prevented some of the episodes of severe disease decompensation, but this was masked by the sharp increase in hospitalizations due to emotional distress. Our data confirmed that psycho-emotional status is an important factor in the treatment of T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/09/PEDM-29-47924.PMC10226457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10642323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial hybrid closed-loop systems available for a patient with type 1 diabetes in 2022.","authors":"Sebastian Seget, Anna Tekielak, Ewa Rusak, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126359","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pedm.2023.126359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technological advances offer the opportunity to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications and burden of type 1 diabetes while improving patient quality of life. Closed-loop insulin delivery systems take the technology to a larger scale by integrating CGM systems with an insulin pump and an algorithm that automates insulin delivery (HCL systems). Several systems using hybrid closed loop technology are currently offered in the global marketplace: the MiniMed™ 670G and MiniMed™ 780G (SmartGuard™) system from Medtronic; the T slim x2 Control IQ from Tandem; the Omnipod5 automated mode (HypoProtect™)5 from Insulet; and the CamAPS FX DanaRS or Ypso pump. Insulet's Omnipod5 automated mode (HypoProtect™) is currently in clinical trials. As technology moves forward, advanced systems are being developed that include an elaborate algorithm with individualization of major target points, automated correction bolus functionality, and increased stability of the automated mode (Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop - AHCL systems). The AHCL systems include: MiniMed™ 780G (SmartGuard™); Tandem's T slim x2 Control IQ; Insulet's Omnipod5-Automated mode (HypoProtect™); and CamAPS FX. The purpose of this paper is to present commercial devices using HCL and AHCL in 2022, also from a scientific point of view. It is an undeniable fact that \"auto-mode\" systems represent a new stage that can be confidently called a revolution in diabetology.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/88/PEDM-29-50490.PMC10226452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9706532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel homozygous leptin receptor mutation in an infant with monogenic obesity.","authors":"Hiya Boro,&nbsp;Vikash Bundela,&nbsp;Velmurugan Mannar,&nbsp;Lakshmi Nagendra,&nbsp;Vinita Jain,&nbsp;Bimal Jain,&nbsp;Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;Sourabh Agstam","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.129344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.129344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monogenic obesity can be caused by a mutation in one of the single genes involved in hunger and satiety. The most common mutations affect melanocortin 4 (MC4) followed by the leptin gene and its receptor. Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene mutation is an extremely rare endocrine disease characterized by early-onset obesity, hyperphagia in addition to pituitary hormone deficiency, and metabolic abnormalities. We report the case of a 12-month-old male infant born of a non-consanguineous marriage. He presented to us with rapid weight gain from 2 months of age along with hyperphagia. Biochemistry revealed a deranged lipid profile, elevated transaminases, and markedly raised serum leptin levels. On genetic analysis, a novel mutation was detected, which was a homozygous variation In exon 12 of the LEPR gene (chr1:g.65608901G>A) that resulted in the synonymous amino acid change of lysine at codon 584 proximal to donor splice site (p.Lys584). The in silico prediction of the variant was 'damaging' by MutationTaster2. The mutation was classified as a 'variant of uncertain significance' due to a lack of published literature and had to be correlated carefully with the clinical symptoms. It was recommended to do Sanger sequencing of the parents and other family members. However, due to financial constraints, the family could not afford the same. At the time of writing, funds were being arranged for procuring setmelanotide, which is a novel and effective therapy for monogenic obesity due to LepR mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/dc/PEDM-29-51057.PMC10411088.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fibroblast growth factor 21 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to microvascular complications.","authors":"Nermien Tantawy,&nbsp;Eman Sherif,&nbsp;Randa M Matter,&nbsp;Nouran Salah,&nbsp;Nour Eldin Abozeid,&nbsp;Heba Atif","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2022.121372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2022.121372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) represents a growing global health problem with significant morbidity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an adipokine expressed predominantly in the liver that plays an important role in metabolic regulation.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study assesses FGF21 levels in children with DM1, in comparison to controls, and correlates them with diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetic microvascular complications.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty children with DM1, aged between 5 and 16 years, were studied regarding their diabetes duration, HbA1c, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), fundus, and FGF21 level. They were compared to 50 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median FGF21 of the studied children with DM1 was 150 pg/ml, range 50-350 pg/ml; while that of the controls was 35 pg/ml, range 20-50 pg/ml. FGF21 level was significantly higher in children with DM1 than in controls ( p < 0.001). Moreover, it was significantly and positively correlated with diabetes duration, mean blood glucose level, and HbA1c ( p < 0.001, p = 0.015, p = 0.018, respectively). Interestingly, the FGF21 level was not significantly elevated in children with DM1 having diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy ( p = 0.122, p = 0.298, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FGF21 is significantly higher among children with DM1 than in controls. However, its role in diabetic microvascular complica-tions needs further assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"29 2","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/4e/PEDM-29-48234.PMC10411091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon","authors":"Łukasz Wybrańczyk, Aleksandra Brudzińska, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, Grażyna Deja","doi":"10.5114/pedm.2023.130028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028","url":null,"abstract":"AMA Wybrańczyk Ł, Brudzińska A, Jarosz-Chobot P, Deja G. Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. APA Wybrańczyk, Ł., Brudzińska, A., Jarosz-Chobot, P., & Deja, G. (2023). Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028 Chicago Wybrańczyk, Łukasz, Aleksandra Brudzińska, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, and Grażyna Deja. 2023. \"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon\". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. Harvard Wybrańczyk, Ł., Brudzińska, A., Jarosz-Chobot, P., and Deja, G. (2023). Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2023.130028 MLA Wybrańczyk, Łukasz et al. \"Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon.\" Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028. Vancouver Wybrańczyk Ł, Brudzińska A, Jarosz-Chobot P, Deja G. Glucose management indicator – potential factors affecting differences in comparison with HbA1c and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2023. doi:10.5114/pedm.2023.130028.","PeriodicalId":39165,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}