Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Bromhexine Hydrochloride Prophylaxis of COVID-19 for Medical Personnel: A Randomized Open-Label Study.","authors":"Evgeny N Mikhaylov,&nbsp;Tamara A Lyubimtseva,&nbsp;Aleksandr D Vakhrushev,&nbsp;Dmitry Stepanov,&nbsp;Dmitry S Lebedev,&nbsp;Elena Yu Vasilieva,&nbsp;Alexandra O Konradi,&nbsp;Evgeny V Shlyakhto","doi":"10.1155/2022/4693121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4693121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bromhexine hydrochloride has been suggested as a TMPRSS2 protease blocker that precludes the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. We aimed to assess the preventive potential of regular bromhexine hydrochloride intake for COVID-19 risk reduction in medical staff actively involved in the evaluation and treatment of patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-centre randomized open-label study, medical staff managing patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and followed up for 8 weeks. The study began at the initiation of COVID-19 management in the clinic. The study was prematurely terminated after the enrollment of 50 participants without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: 25 were assigned to bromhexine hydrochloride treatment (8 mg 3 times per day), and 25 were controls. The composite primary endpoint was a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 or signs of clinical infection within 28 days and at week 8. Secondary endpoints included time from the first contact with a person with COVID-19 to the appearance of respiratory infection symptoms; the number of days before a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test; the number of asymptomatic participants with a positive nasopharyngeal swab test; the number of symptomatic COVID-19 cases; and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of the combined primary endpoint did not differ significantly between the active treatment group (2/25 [8%]) and control group (7/25 [28%]); <i>P</i>=0.07. A fewer number of participants developed symptomatic COVID-19 in the treatment group compared to controls (0/25 vs. 5/25; <i>P</i>=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the study was underpowered, it showed that Bromhexine hydrochloride prophylaxis was associated with a reduced rate of symptomatic COVID-19. The prophylactic treatment was not associated with a lower combined primary endpoint rate, a positive swab PCR test, or COVID-19 (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04405999).</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"4693121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8799951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39574606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Self-Medication and the Rate of Antibiotic Use in Patients Referred to COVID-19.","authors":"Fatemeh Faraji,&nbsp;Rostam Jalali,&nbsp;Nader Salari","doi":"10.1155/2022/3044371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3044371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coronavirus pandemic can cause anxiety and stress among people, which can make them practice self-medication. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of corona and self-medication and antibiotics use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a convenience sampling method, 250 people referring to COVID-19 centers including 16-hour comprehensive health services in Kermanshah, Iran, who tested positive and were not hospitalized were extracted from the SIB system. Data collection tools include three questionnaires including corona fear questionnaire, self-medication questionnaire, and self-medication by antibiotic questionnaire and an information form including demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of self-medication was 59.6%. There was a significant correlation between self-medication and gender (<i>P</i> value <0.05) and education level (<i>P</i> value <0.05); the most common reason for self-medication was easy access to medicines through pharmacy drug stores. The mean score of fear of corona was higher in women and those who were not in a good financial position due to a lack of suitable economic status to see a doctor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a direct and significant relationship between self-medication and self-medication by antibiotics. 59.6% of the participants used medicines themselves, buying over-the-counter in pharmacies. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of corona fear in terms of not having a suitable economic status to see a doctor. This indicates that the lack of proper economic status among people with the coronavirus positive test to see a doctor increases the fear of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"3044371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9757937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10398555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Preventive Measure: A Study on \"MASK-A Boon or a Bane\".","authors":"Revati Amin,&nbsp;Ranita Ghosh Dastidar,&nbsp;Vaishali K","doi":"10.1155/2022/2253656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2253656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mask wearing can restrict the spread of respiratory viral transmission during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, governments have emphasized its use in workplaces and public areas to prevent the transmission routes of corona virus. In spite of the current awareness in the general population, the stringency of wearing the mask lies as an individual's choices. <i>Subject and Methods</i>. This research work discusses available studies on the types and comparison of masks in the market for use. It includes a short survey conducted with 1,173 anonymized healthy participants primarily devoid of comorbidities. The survey includes the effects of mask wearing, while outdoor with minimal activities like walking and with mild activities like jogging and stretching. Our research further discusses various health effects of wearing a mask, including cardiac output, hypoxemia, hypoxia, and dyspnoea, and how such situations that pose a threat can be consciously avoided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the majority of people use cloth/fabric reusable mask. There remains scope for better-designed masks and improving health in the mass population by inculcating healthy breathing habits and other relevant exercises that can help people cope up better in this fight against the deadly virus at a larger scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For most of the survey questions, there was significant correlation between gender and the related responses as there was no significantly observable difference in the nonparametric, unpaired analyses of responses. The main objective of this research work is to initiate more discussions and enhance awareness in natural ways of staying healthy during the pandemic emphasizing mask use. Further progress in this aspect remains a whole new area for future exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2253656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9497971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Omicron Virus Using Combined Extended Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks Technique on CT-Scan Images.","authors":"Anand Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Asadi Srinivasulu,&nbsp;Kamal Kant Hiran,&nbsp;Goddindla Sreenivasulu,&nbsp;Sivaram Rajeyyagari,&nbsp;Madhusudhana Subramanyam","doi":"10.1155/2022/1525615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1525615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 has sparked a global pandemic, with a variety of inflamed instances and deaths increasing on an everyday basis. Researchers are actively increasing and improving distinct mathematical and ML algorithms to forecast the infection. The prediction and detection of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 brought new issues for the health fraternity due to its ubiquity in human beings. In this research work, two learning algorithms, namely, deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML), were developed to forecast the Omicron virus infections. Automatic disease prediction and detection have become crucial issues in medical science due to rapid population growth. In this research study, a combined Extended CNN-RNN research model was developed on a chest CT-scan image dataset to predict the number of +ve and -ve cases of Omicron virus infections. The proposed research model was evaluated and compared against the existing system utilizing a dataset of 16,733-sample training and testing CT-scan images collected from the Kaggle repository. This research article aims to introduce a combined ML and DL technique based on the combination of an Extended Convolutional Neural Network (ECNN) and an Extended Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) to diagnose and predict Omicron virus-infected cases automatically using chest CT-scan images. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing system, this research proposes a combined research model that is ECNN-ERNN, where ECNN is used for the extraction of deep features and ERNN is used for exploration using extracted features. A dataset of 16,733 Omicron computer tomography images was used as a pilot assessment for this proposed prototype. The investigational experiment results show that the projected prototype provides 97.50% accuracy, 98.10% specificity, 98.80% of AUC, and 97.70% of <i>F</i>1-score. To the last, the study outlines the advantages being offered by the proposed model with respect to other existing models by comparing different parameters of validation such as accuracy, error rate, data size, time complexity, and execution time.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"1525615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9763984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10789504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Approach of Tracking COVID-19 in Balkan Countries Using Interactive Web-Based Dashboard.","authors":"Oriana Zaçaj,&nbsp;Etleva Beliu,&nbsp;Endri Raço,&nbsp;Kleida Haxhi,&nbsp;Kostaq Hila","doi":"10.1155/2022/8627956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8627956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The design and implementation of an online dashboard to support data-driven decision-making and joint coordination between health institutions and government bodies in the Balkan countries faced with new COVID-19 waves in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shiny R dashboard tracks COVID-19 in real-time using a comparative approach to interactively visualize national-level data from various official sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dashboard, named COVID-19 Situation in Balkan countries can be accessed online (COVID-19 Situation in Balkan countries). The daily situation in 11 Balkan countries focuses on similarities and differences between countries on a daily basis and since the beginning of the pandemic. The web resource features the most affected countries, the number of new cases, and fatality rates reported daily. Features also include rankings of the worst affected countries, information search and filtering, and a map component interactively showing daily information for each country comparatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dashboard for the COVID-19 situation in Balkan countries simplifies meaningful real-time information for public and health agencies regarding the COVID-19 situation in the whole Balkan region. The creation allows for a deep analysis of measures taken to face COVID-19 in a regional context, allowing for health policy updates and a better basis for collaboration among Balkan governments.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"8627956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9797292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Occurrence of Emerged <i>Lophomonas</i> Infection among Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Tuberculosis: In-House PCR-Based Evidence.","authors":"Hamed Kalani,&nbsp;Ayeneh Pangh,&nbsp;Maryam Nakhaei,&nbsp;Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi,&nbsp;Mahdi Fakhar,&nbsp;Ali Sharifpour,&nbsp;Elham Sadat Banimostafavi,&nbsp;Rabeeh Tabaripour","doi":"10.1155/2022/2742164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2742164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Lophomonas</i> infection is a respiratory disease in humans that is associated with symptoms of cough, sputum, dyspnea, and sometimes hemoptysis, which shows the importance of differentiating this disease from tuberculosis and asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on 216 participants suspected of having tuberculosis who had symptoms of fever, chronic cough, or sputum and were referred to tuberculosis laboratories in three cities in Golestan Province, northeastern Iran, during 2019-2020. A sputum sample was taken from the suspected patients. DNA was extracted from the frozen samples, and an in-house polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the <i>Lophomonas</i> DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 216 subjects, 47 (21.75%) were infected with <i>Lophomonas</i> spp. Moreover, 9 patients (4.2%) were infected with tuberculosis. Also, 2 patients had a comorbidity of tuberculosis and <i>Lophomonas</i> infection (<i>P</i>=0.63). There was no significant difference in the comparison of symptoms and the rate of <i>Lophomonas</i> infection (<i>P</i>=0.84), but in the comparison of the set of symptoms of cough, sputum, and fever with those of cough and sputum, cough with fever, sputum with fever, and the rate of <i>Lophomonas</i> infection, there was a significant difference (<i>P</i>=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Lophomonas</i> infection was relatively high in patients suspected of having tuberculosis and due to the similar clinical symptoms of <i>Lophomonas</i> infection and tuberculosis; it is recommended that the sputum samples of subjects suspected of having tuberculosis be examined for this parasite in order to make a correct diagnosis and the patients receive timely treatment and the appropriate medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2022 ","pages":"2742164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9731764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10698437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Colchicine and Budesonide in Improvement Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Infection 2019 in Damascus, Syria: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Mohammad Alsultan,&nbsp;Ameer Obeid,&nbsp;Omar Alsamarrai,&nbsp;Mohamed Taher Anan,&nbsp;Aliaa Bakr,&nbsp;Nawwar Soliman,&nbsp;Mamdoh Kurdy,&nbsp;Muhannad Hag Mosa,&nbsp;Zain Saleh,&nbsp;Fatima Hujij,&nbsp;Jafar Barhoum","doi":"10.1155/2021/2129006","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/2129006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 was reported in China in 2019 and has spread worldwide. Transmission occurs through respiratory secretions and, less commonly, through contaminated surfaces. The severity of the disease can range from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of two agents (oral colchicine and budesonide inhaler) in COVID-19 infection management, compared with supportive care alone. 77 patients were admitted to the isolation section of Al Assad University Hospital, between the 1^st of August and the 30^th of August. A total of 49 patients were included in this randomized control trial, after excluding ineligible patients. The random sample was divided into three groups; the first group was supportive care plus colchicine, the second group was supportive care plus budesonide inhaler, and the control group was supportive care alone. PaO2/FiO2 was improved in the budesonide group, higher than the supportive and colchicine groups. The median hospitalization days were shorter when using colchicine or budesonide, opposed to supportive care alone (8 vs 10 days, respectively). 34 patients (69.3%) were discharged, and 27 patients (55.1%) were followed up until they were weaned from oxygen and made a complete recovery. There was a significant decrease in mortality with colchicine (3 patients; 21.4%) compared with supportive care (7 patients; 33.3%) and the budesonide group (5 patients; 35.7%).</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2129006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39785165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Analysis of Typhoid Fever Surveillance Data in the Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia (2015-2019).","authors":"Getaneh Atikilt Yemata,&nbsp;Chalachew Yenew,&nbsp;Melkalem Mamuye,&nbsp;Mulu Tiruneh,&nbsp;Tigabnesh Assfaw,&nbsp;Sileshi Mulatu,&nbsp;Ermias Sisay,&nbsp;Fitalew Tadele","doi":"10.1155/2021/1255187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1255187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe, and it is a serious illness in developing countries. Typhoid fever is prevalent in Ethiopia, and the burden differs with diverse demography, environment, and climate. The study aimed to determine the incidence of typhoid fever cases by person, place, and time.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the five years (2015-2019) of surveillance data of typhoid fever in the Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The data were extracted from the zonal health management information system database from May to June 2020. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the distribution of typhoid fever incidence in time, place, and personal groups.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 36,641 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five years. Among these, 18,972 (51.8%) were females and 17,669 (48.2%) were males. Incidence of typhoid fever was found as follows: 216, 198, 203, 264, and 299 cases per 100,000 persons were reported during 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Typhoid fever cases were increased by 1.4 from 2015-2019. A high incidence of cases was observed at the start of wet months. The majority of the investigated cases were identified in Kersa, 4,476 (12.2%), Gomma, 4,075 (11.1%), and Mana, 3,267 (8.9%), woredas. Of the total, 151 (0.4%) of the reported cases were admitted for inpatient care. During the five years of surveillance data, death was not reported from all woredas. <i>Conclusion and Recommendation</i>. Typhoid fever was a major public health problem in the Jimma Zone for the last 5 years, and it was increased through the years. Zonal health departments should strengthen the interventions focused on the woredas that had a high burden of typhoid fever at the start of the wet months.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1255187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39749220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Infectious Diseases Associated with Religious and Nonreligious Rituals.","authors":"Kiran Gajurel,&nbsp;Stan Deresinski","doi":"10.1155/2021/1823957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1823957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rituals are an integral part of human life but a wide range of rituals (both religious and non-religious), from self-flagellation to blood brotherhood to ritual sprinkling of holy water, have been associated with transmission of infections. These infections include angiostrongyliasis, anthrax, brucellosis, cholera, COVID-19, cutaneous larva migrans, Ebola, hepatitis viruses, herpes simplex virus, HIV, human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), kuru, <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> meningoencephalitis, orf, rift valley fever, and sporotrichosis. Education and community engagement are important cornerstones in mitigating infectious risks associated with rituals.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1823957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin D Level and Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Guwani Liyanage,&nbsp;Anusha Kaneshapillai,&nbsp;Suthesan Kanthasamy","doi":"10.1155/2021/2157337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2157337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent research has shown conflicting evidence on the connection between vitamin D deficiency and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Thus, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for CAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospitalized children between 2 and 60 months with physician-diagnosed, radiologically confirmed severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were enrolled as cases. Age-matched controls were enrolled from immunization and weighing clinics. A blood sample was collected to assess serum 25-(OH)D concentration. Unconditional logistic regression was done to examine the independent association of vitamin D level with community-acquired pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four children (females: 68%) were included. Overall, 27% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 37.8% had insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL). The vitamin D level ranged from 8.67 to 46.2 ng/mL. There was no statistically significant difference in 25(OH)D levels in controls and cases (<i>p</i>=0.694). In unconditional logistic regression, 25(OH)D concentration was not a determinant of CAP (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.937-1.044, <i>p</i>=0.689). This lack of association remained after adjustment for age, gender, income, crowding, and exposure to passive smoke (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.937-1.065, <i>p</i>=0.973). Household income was significantly associated with CAP (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.021-0.567, <i>p</i>=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-thirds of the children with CAP had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. In comparison with healthy controls, vitamin D level was not a significant determinant of community-acquired pneumonia. It informs that further multisite research is required using more rigorous scientific methods for conclusive evidence on the relationship between vitamin D and CAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":39128,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2157337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8645408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39790476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}