Journal of Chiropractic Humanities最新文献

{"title":"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Patients: How to Navigate Terminology in Patient Care","authors":"Suzanne D. Lady DC ,&nbsp;Kara D. Burnham PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to describe how health care providers can improve their practice environments to be more welcoming for patients on the spectrum of gender and sexual identity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Literature searches were performed in WorldCat, PubMed, and nongovernmental organizations and Gallup polls. The years searched were from 2005 to 2018. Key words used included <em>sexual orientation</em>, <em>transgender</em>, and <em>health care</em>. The PubMed MeSH termed searched included <em>gender identity</em> and <em>sexuality</em>, both in combination with <em>patient care</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Terminology that patients use to identify their gender may vary. Understanding the terminology that patients use to self-identify is a first step to becoming more sensitive to the needs of gender and sexual minority patients. Minority patients on the spectrum of gender and sexual identity experience discrimination when accessing health care. Therefore, an accepting doctor–patient relationship especially benefits these patients. When communication competency and fluency is established, health care providers provide a more inclusive, accepting environment. Addressing patients based on their preferences and using inclusive forms and patient handouts are some recommendations that are made to create an open, patient-centered environment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This article provides health care providers with terminology that facilitates communication and the healing environment for sexual and gender minority patients. Understanding and using this may create a more welcoming environment to all patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38851731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tale of Specialization in 2 Professions: Comparing the Development of Radiology in Chiropractic and Medicine","authors":"Kenneth J. Young DC, DACBR, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to describe the development of radiology<span> as a specialty in chiropractic with a comparison to the development of the specialty of radiology in medicine.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p><span><span>Specialization in medicine has been notably successful, with advanced training and enhanced capabilities in specialized skills leading to better outcomes for patients and increased prestige for practitioners. However, with chiropractic, as with other complementary and alternative medicine<span> professions, no specialization has been recognized within it. Specialist radiology training in chiropractic bears a resemblance to that of medicine, with competitive entry for residencies, certification exams, and the creation of a journal and specialist professional organizations. To facilitate the comparison, I have divided the development of radiology into 4 phases from the chiropractic perspective. Phase 1 started with the discovery of x-rays in 1895, in which medicine adopted them but chiropractic did not. Phase 2 began in 1910 when B. J. Palmer introduced radiography to show chiropractic </span></span>subluxations. Phase 3 started in 1942 when Waldo Poehner advocated for the mainstream diagnostic use of radiography in addition to subluxation analysis. Phase 4 started in 1957 when an examining board for certification in </span>diagnostic radiology<span> was assembled and many chiropractors began to embrace the mainstream medical use of radiography.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this tale of 2 professions, radiology gained official specialty designation in the field of medicine. The medical profession had a monopoly on health care, and thus had few internal and external barriers to overcome. Chiropractic was oppressed by organized medicine, which helped to create the unofficial specialty of chiropractic radiology but which also later helped to limit the specialty. Chiropractic radiology has maintained its independence and autonomy, but also remains on the fringe of mainstream health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Efficiency and Effectiveness of Including Doctors of Chiropractic to Offer Treatment Under Medicaid: A Critical Appraisal of Missouri Inclusion of Chiropractic Under Missouri Medicaid","authors":"John R. McGowan PhD ,&nbsp;Leonard Suiter DC, FICC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objectives of this study were to critically evaluate the methodology and conclusions of the fiscal notes prepared by the state of Missouri for including doctors of chiropractic<span> (DCs) under Missouri Medicaid and to develop a dynamic scoring model that calculates the savings if DCs were allowed to offer treatment under Missouri Medicaid.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used a secondary analysis to determine the cost-saving assumptions to be incorporated into a dynamic model. We reviewed the literature on efficiency and effectiveness of DC-delivered care regarding the most reliable assumptions concerning cost savings and utilization. The assumptions for percentage savings from DC-provided care and the avoidance of spinal surgeries were then combined in the dynamic scoring model to determine projected cost savings from adding DCs as covered providers under Missouri Medicaid. The actual cost of opioid abuse in Missouri was then determined as a basis to measure cost savings from adding DC care as an alternative therapy for the management of neck and low back pain.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The Missouri Health Division initially used the static scoring approach to evaluate proposals to cover DC care under Missouri Medicaid. This approach only considers added costs from a legislative change. Because of this, we proposed that the Missouri Health Division used flawed methodology and data in their calculations for the fiscal note regarding the cost of including care from DCs under Missouri Medicaid. After consideration of the approach used in this study, the Committee adopted some important elements of dynamic scoring. Based on our computations and the dynamic scoring model, we determined that there would be a cost savings to the state of Missouri of between $14.1 and $49.2 million once DCs are included as covered providers under Missouri Medicaid. This study also supports the proposition that treatment by DCs for neck and lower back pain may reduce the use and abuse of opioid prescription drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Policymakers may unintentionally rely on flawed assumptions and methodologies such as static scoring, which we propose results in flawed conclusions. Legislative options involve some additional cost. The issue is whether proposed legislative options offer more effective outcomes along with more efficient cost. Using a dynamic scoring model to incorporate savings from 3 primary sources, we found that (1) chiropractic care provides better outcomes at lower cost, (2) chiropractic treatment and care leads to a reduction in cost of spinal surgery, and (3) chiropractic care leads to cost savings from reduced use and abuse of opioid prescription drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 31-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray Use in Chiropractic: Call for Papers","authors":"Claire D. Johnson DC, MSEd, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1910, radiology was an emerging field when x-rays first came into use by chiropractors. Much has changed in the body of knowledge about ionizing radiation and the spine since the early 1900s. There is little in the peer-reviewed literature on the topic of x-ray use in the chiropractic profession. Therefore, the <em>Journal of Chiropractic Humanities</em> has an open call for papers to investigate the topic of x-ray use in chiropractic and reveal what is myth and what is fact. Accepted papers will be published in a special section of the journal dedicated to this topic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Injustice: A Historical Review of the National Chiropractic Antitrust Committee","authors":"Bart N. Green DC, MSEd, PhD,&nbsp;Claire D. Johnson DC, MSEd, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to provide a historical summary of the National Chiropractic<span> Antitrust Committee (NCAC), a nonprofit organization that provided needed support for the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, considered to be one of the most important legal cases in the history of the chiropractic profession.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We reviewed journal articles, court documents, texts, interviews, and primary historical documents and created a chronology of events that was then synthesized into a factual account of the NCAC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary function of the NCAC was to raise money to support legal steps necessary against actions of the nature of boycott, restraint of trade, or any acts deemed unlawful against the chiropractic profession. The NCAC eventually supported the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, which ran from 1976 to 1990, consumed tremendous financial resources, and required significant efforts to raise funds from the chiropractic profession. The NCAC was also responsible for managing the distribution of reparations. Formed in 1975 and terminated after the trials, the NCAC played a vital role in supporting the trials and the post-trial distribution of funds for research.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The NCAC was successful in its mission to raise funds to support the 2 trials of the Wilk et al v AMA et al lawsuit, multiple appeals, and post-trial distribution of funds donated by the plaintiffs to support charity work for children and chiropractic research. Without the dedication of the NCAC staff and goodwill of the NCAC officers, it is likely that none of these benefits to the chiropractic profession would have been realized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The John A. Sweaney Lecture: Berlin, Germany, March 2019, Given by Dr. Matthew Fisher: Becoming a Trusted Advisor in Health or Does Ego Get in the Way? An Australian Story","authors":"Matthew Fisher PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following is The John A. Sweaney Lecture delivered by Dr. Matthew Fisher at the biannual meeting of the World Federation of Chiropractic in Berlin, Germany, on March 19, 2019.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38949398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing the Same Thing and Expecting a Different Outcome: It Is Time for a Questioning Philosophy and Theory-Driven Chiropractic Research","authors":"Robert A. Leach DC, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the philosophical and hypothetical underpinnings of chiropractic<span> and consider whether there is a need for chiropractic to have a questioning philosophy and theory-driven process to guide future scientific endeavors in the profession.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The earliest beliefs of the chiropractic founders centered on chiropractic vertebral subluxation<span> but differed on whether this was a static, bone-out-of-place misalignment or a lesion whereby joints had lost their normal direction or range of motion. More recently, new hypotheses such as dyskinesia, inflammation, and neuroplasticity attempt to explain the purported clinical effects of chiropractic. Yet practitioners and students advocate for both traditional viewpoints that typically tout misalignment and embrace a science of chiropractic. I propose that chiropractors<span> should not have to choose between philosophy and science. Instead, they should advocate for adoption of a modern questioning philosophy that not only informs their clinical questions and drives their theories, but also that is in turn influenced by outcomes from their research. Such a questioning philosophy is in stark contrast with the dogma that some have mislabeled as “philosophy” in the profession. I recommend that a review of chiropractic hypotheses and a theory-driven research process is needed to help guide the profession’s research agenda given its wide range of clinical activities and limited resources. As the chiropractic profession increasingly embraces evidence-informed practice, enhanced integration within the wider health care community may then result in further gains in utilization.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Theory-driven research that results from and subsequently informs a questioning philosophy may expose truths related to practice behaviors, activities, and outcomes, and spur more complete integration of chiropractic within the wider health care community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities: A Celebration of 25 Volumes","authors":"James Winterstein DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reflects on the origins of the <span><em>Journal of </em><em>Chiropractic</em><em> Humanities.</em></span><span> The journal was born at a time when the chiropractic profession had few journals but needed a publication to capture evolving philosophical constructs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37358462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 4: New Perspectives and Theorists From 1916 to 1927","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between the years 1916 and 1927.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Theories during this period were shaped by many chiropractic school leaders and instructors. Unique contributions to theories during this period come primarily from 4 authors, John Craven, Jim Drain, Shelby Riley, and Ralph Stephenson. This period included the first thermographic instrumentation in chiropractic, which led to one of Craven’s modifications of CVS theory. He also added to the literature about spinal cord pressure and developed the restoration cycle. Drain and Stephenson also expanded on the cord pressure models of CVS. Drain wrote, in plain language, of many central B. J. Palmer theories and developed protocols for acute and chronic CVS. Stephenson made several contributions to models, including his expansion on B. J. Palmer’s theory of momentum of dis-ease. Stephenson’s main contribution to theory was likely his vertemere cycle, which was a precursor to proprioceptive models. Riley’s combination of Gregory’s theories with zone therapy had a significant impact on several reflex theories.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory during this period grew in complexity and demonstrated several new perspectives on CVS, which may be still relevant today.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 52-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 9: Complexes, Models, and Consensus From 1979 to 1995","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between 1979 and 1995, with an emphasis on complexes, models, and consensus.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>New models were developed and critiqued during this period. The first subluxation complex model was proposed by Faye. Other theorists such as Lantz and Dishman built upon his model. The complex models were integrated into consensus statements by the International Chiropractic Association and the American Chiropractic Association, and later by profession-wide processes. The plurality of the CVS encompassed known theories and included integration of stress models and biochemistry. The professional consensus around CVS was comprehensive as shown by the process models that included stakeholders in the profession. Calls for more empirical research and changes to terminology increased during this era. Influential articles from this period potentially contained errors and relied on older studies that may no longer be valid.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The challenges to researching this complex entity during that time were daunting for many and pointed to challenges of using the word “subluxation\" to encompass the multiplicity that defined CVS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 130-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37180433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}