Journal of Chiropractic Humanities最新文献

{"title":"The John A. Sweaney Lecture: Berlin, Germany, March 2019, Given by Dr. Matthew Fisher: Becoming a Trusted Advisor in Health or Does Ego Get in the Way? An Australian Story","authors":"Matthew Fisher PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following is The John A. Sweaney Lecture delivered by Dr. Matthew Fisher at the biannual meeting of the World Federation of Chiropractic in Berlin, Germany, on March 19, 2019.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38949398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Injustice: A Historical Review of the National Chiropractic Antitrust Committee","authors":"Bart N. Green DC, MSEd, PhD,&nbsp;Claire D. Johnson DC, MSEd, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to provide a historical summary of the National Chiropractic<span> Antitrust Committee (NCAC), a nonprofit organization that provided needed support for the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, considered to be one of the most important legal cases in the history of the chiropractic profession.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We reviewed journal articles, court documents, texts, interviews, and primary historical documents and created a chronology of events that was then synthesized into a factual account of the NCAC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary function of the NCAC was to raise money to support legal steps necessary against actions of the nature of boycott, restraint of trade, or any acts deemed unlawful against the chiropractic profession. The NCAC eventually supported the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, which ran from 1976 to 1990, consumed tremendous financial resources, and required significant efforts to raise funds from the chiropractic profession. The NCAC was also responsible for managing the distribution of reparations. Formed in 1975 and terminated after the trials, the NCAC played a vital role in supporting the trials and the post-trial distribution of funds for research.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The NCAC was successful in its mission to raise funds to support the 2 trials of the Wilk et al v AMA et al lawsuit, multiple appeals, and post-trial distribution of funds donated by the plaintiffs to support charity work for children and chiropractic research. Without the dedication of the NCAC staff and goodwill of the NCAC officers, it is likely that none of these benefits to the chiropractic profession would have been realized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing the Same Thing and Expecting a Different Outcome: It Is Time for a Questioning Philosophy and Theory-Driven Chiropractic Research","authors":"Robert A. Leach DC, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the philosophical and hypothetical underpinnings of chiropractic<span> and consider whether there is a need for chiropractic to have a questioning philosophy and theory-driven process to guide future scientific endeavors in the profession.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The earliest beliefs of the chiropractic founders centered on chiropractic vertebral subluxation<span> but differed on whether this was a static, bone-out-of-place misalignment or a lesion whereby joints had lost their normal direction or range of motion. More recently, new hypotheses such as dyskinesia, inflammation, and neuroplasticity attempt to explain the purported clinical effects of chiropractic. Yet practitioners and students advocate for both traditional viewpoints that typically tout misalignment and embrace a science of chiropractic. I propose that chiropractors<span> should not have to choose between philosophy and science. Instead, they should advocate for adoption of a modern questioning philosophy that not only informs their clinical questions and drives their theories, but also that is in turn influenced by outcomes from their research. Such a questioning philosophy is in stark contrast with the dogma that some have mislabeled as “philosophy” in the profession. I recommend that a review of chiropractic hypotheses and a theory-driven research process is needed to help guide the profession’s research agenda given its wide range of clinical activities and limited resources. As the chiropractic profession increasingly embraces evidence-informed practice, enhanced integration within the wider health care community may then result in further gains in utilization.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Theory-driven research that results from and subsequently informs a questioning philosophy may expose truths related to practice behaviors, activities, and outcomes, and spur more complete integration of chiropractic within the wider health care community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2019.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37486295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities: A Celebration of 25 Volumes","authors":"James Winterstein DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reflects on the origins of the <span><em>Journal of </em><em>Chiropractic</em><em> Humanities.</em></span><span> The journal was born at a time when the chiropractic profession had few journals but needed a publication to capture evolving philosophical constructs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37358462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 4: New Perspectives and Theorists From 1916 to 1927","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between the years 1916 and 1927.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Theories during this period were shaped by many chiropractic school leaders and instructors. Unique contributions to theories during this period come primarily from 4 authors, John Craven, Jim Drain, Shelby Riley, and Ralph Stephenson. This period included the first thermographic instrumentation in chiropractic, which led to one of Craven’s modifications of CVS theory. He also added to the literature about spinal cord pressure and developed the restoration cycle. Drain and Stephenson also expanded on the cord pressure models of CVS. Drain wrote, in plain language, of many central B. J. Palmer theories and developed protocols for acute and chronic CVS. Stephenson made several contributions to models, including his expansion on B. J. Palmer’s theory of momentum of dis-ease. Stephenson’s main contribution to theory was likely his vertemere cycle, which was a precursor to proprioceptive models. Riley’s combination of Gregory’s theories with zone therapy had a significant impact on several reflex theories.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Chiropractic vertebral subluxation theory during this period grew in complexity and demonstrated several new perspectives on CVS, which may be still relevant today.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 52-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 9: Complexes, Models, and Consensus From 1979 to 1995","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between 1979 and 1995, with an emphasis on complexes, models, and consensus.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>New models were developed and critiqued during this period. The first subluxation complex model was proposed by Faye. Other theorists such as Lantz and Dishman built upon his model. The complex models were integrated into consensus statements by the International Chiropractic Association and the American Chiropractic Association, and later by profession-wide processes. The plurality of the CVS encompassed known theories and included integration of stress models and biochemistry. The professional consensus around CVS was comprehensive as shown by the process models that included stakeholders in the profession. Calls for more empirical research and changes to terminology increased during this era. Influential articles from this period potentially contained errors and relied on older studies that may no longer be valid.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The challenges to researching this complex entity during that time were daunting for many and pointed to challenges of using the word “subluxation\" to encompass the multiplicity that defined CVS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 130-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37180433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 3: Complexity and Identity From 1908 to 1915","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between 1908 and 1915.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Evidence from the works of Daniel D. Palmer, Bartlett J. Palmer, Joy Loban, Willard Carver, James Firth, Alva Gregory, John Howard, Arthur Forster, and Harold Swanberg demonstrates that chiropractic during this period was characterized by increasingly complex theories of CVS, which contributed to defining the profession. Critiques of CVS as a central identifier of the profession begin with this early period when students of D. D. Palmer’s early graduates became school leaders and theorists. Textbooks were self-published during this period, including D. D. Palmer’s final works, 4 books from his son B. J. Palmer, and texts from their students. Chiropractic graduates of subsequent schools also contributed to emerging writings and concepts. Chiropractic vertebral subluxation was central to nearly all texts and schools. There was disagreement about what defined chiropractic, and various schools taught different practices. However, the theories from this period had an important role in the evolution of thought in the profession.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Theories presented from 1908 through 1915 built upon previous concepts from earlier years of chiropractic. The plethora of books and ideas about CVS from these early pioneers shaped the profession, and some of these viewpoints still have relevance today.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 8: Terminology, Definitions, and Historicity From 1966 to 1980","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) between the years 1966 and 1980, with an emphasis on consensus models and terminology.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The consensus models on CVS during this time were an outgrowth of previous model building, research, and practice methods. The first consensus models were developed by the radiology diplomates of the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology. Later work was used to develop Medicare standards. Research and theory were influenced by the 1975 National Institutes of Health conference on spinal manipulation in 1975 and the workshops that followed that meeting. A new historical consciousness about the CVS, developed at the National Institutes of Health conference, which was a turning point for the profession in the use of terminology and the focus on functional pathophysiology associated with CVS. The historical view of CVS developed by Watkins, Haldeman, and Janse led to new integrative and historical developments in the profession.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Theories during this period included consensus efforts as well as new distinctions about CVS theory and terminology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 114-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 10: Integrative and Critical Literature From 1996 and 1997","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) during 1996 and 1997. The literature during this period offered critical and integrative models emphasized by a need for research into operational and functional definitions.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Several integrative approaches emerged, from Rome’s 296 synonyms to Bergman’s Pain/Tenderness, Asymmetry/Alignment, Range of Motion Abnormality, Tissue Tone, Texture, Temperature Abnormality, and Special Tests (PARTS) analysis adopted by the profession in the United States. Other noteworthy contributions included Ruch’s <em>Atlas of Common Subluxations</em>, Epstein’s introduction of network spinal analysis, and Kent’s review of CVS models. Boone’s introduction of the <em>Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research</em> was accompanied by his 3-part model with Dobson. These years also included the paradigm statement of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges, which was adopted by the American Chiropractic Association, International Chiropractors Association, and World Federation of Chiropractic. Two other papers included Nelson’s critique of the CVS paradigm and Keating’s 1996 “Hunt for the Subluxation.”</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The CVS reached a new stage of complexity and critique and offered new directions for research, integration, and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 146-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37180434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 5: The First Research Era From 1928 to 1949","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation theories between 1928 and 1949.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Theories during this period grew in complexity and developed in 4 primary ways: upper cervical models, reflex models, global models, and models based on the work of Speransky. Authors, theorists, and technique developers during this time included B. J. Palmer, R. J. Watkins, Galen Price, John Hurley, Hugh Logan, Major Bertrand DeJarnette, Richard Van Rumpt, Roy Ashton, Joseph Janse, Henri Gillet, James Firth, and J. R. Verner. At least 8 perspectives on chiropractic vertebral subluxation were advanced through research, modeling, and applied clinical methods. By understanding the complexity of this period and analyzing the research, the modern practitioner will be able to appreciate this era. The foundations of modern clinical practice and theoretical applications have roots in this period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Theories during this period developed in levels of complexity, expanding existing models and clinical practice methods. The theories and research from this period had an effect on the chiropractic profession for the subsequent decades.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37183584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}